| .\" Copyright (c) 1993 Michael Haardt (michael@moria.de) |
| .\" |
| .\" %%%LICENSE_START(GPLv2+_DOC_FULL) |
| .\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or |
| .\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as |
| .\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of |
| .\" the License, or (at your option) any later version. |
| .\" |
| .\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code" |
| .\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any |
| .\" document formatting or typesetting system, including |
| .\" intermediate and printed output. |
| .\" |
| .\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
| .\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
| .\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the |
| .\" GNU General Public License for more details. |
| .\" |
| .\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public |
| .\" License along with this manual; if not, see |
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| .\" %%%LICENSE_END |
| .\" |
| .\" Created 1993-04-02 by Michael Haardt (michael@moria.de) |
| .\" Modified 1993-07-24 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu) |
| .\" Modified 1994-05-15 by Daniel Quinlan (quinlan@yggdrasil.com) |
| .\" Modified 1994-11-22 by Daniel Quinlan (quinlan@yggdrasil.com) |
| .\" Modified 1995-07-11 by Daniel Quinlan (quinlan@yggdrasil.com) |
| .\" Modified 1996-12-18 by Michael Haardt and aeb |
| .\" Modified 1999-05-31 by Dimitri Papadopoulos (dpo@club-internet.fr) |
| .\" Modified 1999-08-08 by Michael Haardt (michael@moria.de) |
| .\" Modified 2004-04-01 by aeb |
| .\" |
| .TH ASCII 7 2020-06-09 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual" |
| .SH NAME |
| ascii \- ASCII character set encoded in octal, decimal, |
| and hexadecimal |
| .SH DESCRIPTION |
| ASCII is the American Standard Code for Information Interchange. |
| It is a 7-bit code. |
| Many 8-bit codes (e.g., ISO 8859-1) contain ASCII as their lower half. |
| The international counterpart of ASCII is known as ISO 646-IRV. |
| .PP |
| The following table contains the 128 ASCII characters. |
| .PP |
| C program \f(CW\(aq\eX\(aq\fP escapes are noted. |
| .if t \{\ |
| .ft CW |
| \} |
| .TS |
| l l l l l l l l. |
| Oct Dec Hex Char Oct Dec Hex Char |
| _ |
| 000 0 00 NUL \(aq\e0\(aq (null character) 100 64 40 @ |
| 001 1 01 SOH (start of heading) 101 65 41 A |
| 002 2 02 STX (start of text) 102 66 42 B |
| 003 3 03 ETX (end of text) 103 67 43 C |
| 004 4 04 EOT (end of transmission) 104 68 44 D |
| 005 5 05 ENQ (enquiry) 105 69 45 E |
| 006 6 06 ACK (acknowledge) 106 70 46 F |
| 007 7 07 BEL \(aq\ea\(aq (bell) 107 71 47 G |
| 010 8 08 BS \(aq\eb\(aq (backspace) 110 72 48 H |
| 011 9 09 HT \(aq\et\(aq (horizontal tab) 111 73 49 I |
| 012 10 0A LF \(aq\en\(aq (new line) 112 74 4A J |
| 013 11 0B VT \(aq\ev\(aq (vertical tab) 113 75 4B K |
| 014 12 0C FF \(aq\ef\(aq (form feed) 114 76 4C L |
| 015 13 0D CR \(aq\er\(aq (carriage ret) 115 77 4D M |
| 016 14 0E SO (shift out) 116 78 4E N |
| 017 15 0F SI (shift in) 117 79 4F O |
| 020 16 10 DLE (data link escape) 120 80 50 P |
| 021 17 11 DC1 (device control 1) 121 81 51 Q |
| 022 18 12 DC2 (device control 2) 122 82 52 R |
| 023 19 13 DC3 (device control 3) 123 83 53 S |
| 024 20 14 DC4 (device control 4) 124 84 54 T |
| 025 21 15 NAK (negative ack.) 125 85 55 U |
| 026 22 16 SYN (synchronous idle) 126 86 56 V |
| 027 23 17 ETB (end of trans. blk) 127 87 57 W |
| 030 24 18 CAN (cancel) 130 88 58 X |
| 031 25 19 EM (end of medium) 131 89 59 Y |
| 032 26 1A SUB (substitute) 132 90 5A Z |
| 033 27 1B ESC (escape) 133 91 5B [ |
| 034 28 1C FS (file separator) 134 92 5C \e \(aq\e\e\(aq |
| 035 29 1D GS (group separator) 135 93 5D ] |
| 036 30 1E RS (record separator) 136 94 5E \(ha |
| 037 31 1F US (unit separator) 137 95 5F \&_ |
| 040 32 20 SPACE 140 96 60 \` |
| 041 33 21 ! 141 97 61 a |
| 042 34 22 " 142 98 62 b |
| 043 35 23 # 143 99 63 c |
| 044 36 24 $ 144 100 64 d |
| 045 37 25 % 145 101 65 e |
| 046 38 26 & 146 102 66 f |
| 047 39 27 \(aq 147 103 67 g |
| 050 40 28 ( 150 104 68 h |
| 051 41 29 ) 151 105 69 i |
| 052 42 2A * 152 106 6A j |
| 053 43 2B + 153 107 6B k |
| 054 44 2C , 154 108 6C l |
| 055 45 2D \- 155 109 6D m |
| 056 46 2E . 156 110 6E n |
| 057 47 2F / 157 111 6F o |
| 060 48 30 0 160 112 70 p |
| 061 49 31 1 161 113 71 q |
| 062 50 32 2 162 114 72 r |
| 063 51 33 3 163 115 73 s |
| 064 52 34 4 164 116 74 t |
| 065 53 35 5 165 117 75 u |
| 066 54 36 6 166 118 76 v |
| 067 55 37 7 167 119 77 w |
| 070 56 38 8 170 120 78 x |
| 071 57 39 9 171 121 79 y |
| 072 58 3A : 172 122 7A z |
| 073 59 3B ; 173 123 7B { |
| 074 60 3C < 174 124 7C | |
| 075 61 3D = 175 125 7D } |
| 076 62 3E > 176 126 7E \(ti |
| 077 63 3F ? 177 127 7F DEL |
| .TE |
| .if t \{\ |
| .in |
| .ft P |
| \} |
| .SS Tables |
| For convenience, below are more compact tables in hex and decimal. |
| .PP |
| .nf |
| .if t \{\ |
| .in 1i |
| .ft CW |
| \} |
| 2 3 4 5 6 7 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 |
| ------------- --------------------------------- |
| 0: 0 @ P \` p 0: ( 2 < F P Z d n x |
| 1: ! 1 A Q a q 1: ) 3 = G Q [ e o y |
| 2: " 2 B R b r 2: * 4 > H R \e f p z |
| 3: # 3 C S c s 3: ! + 5 ? I S ] g q { |
| 4: $ 4 D T d t 4: " , 6 @ J T \(ha h r | |
| 5: % 5 E U e u 5: # \- 7 A K U _ i s } |
| 6: & 6 F V f v 6: $ . 8 B L V \` j t \(ti |
| 7: \(aq 7 G W g w 7: % / 9 C M W a k u DEL |
| 8: ( 8 H X h x 8: & 0 : D N X b l v |
| 9: ) 9 I Y i y 9: \(aq 1 ; E O Y c m w |
| A: * : J Z j z |
| B: + ; K [ k { |
| C: , < L \e l | |
| D: \- = M ] m } |
| E: . > N \(ha n \(ti |
| F: / ? O _ o DEL |
| .if t \{\ |
| .in |
| .ft P |
| \} |
| .fi |
| .SH NOTES |
| .SS History |
| An |
| .B ascii |
| manual page appeared in Version 7 of AT&T UNIX. |
| .PP |
| On older terminals, the underscore code is displayed as a left arrow, |
| called backarrow, the caret is displayed as an up-arrow and the vertical |
| bar has a hole in the middle. |
| .PP |
| Uppercase and lowercase characters differ by just one bit and the |
| ASCII character 2 differs from the double quote by just one bit, too. |
| That made it much easier to encode characters mechanically or with a |
| non-microcontroller-based electronic keyboard and that pairing was found |
| on old teletypes. |
| .PP |
| The ASCII standard was published by the United States of America |
| Standards Institute (USASI) in 1968. |
| .\" |
| .\" ASA was the American Standards Association and X3 was an ASA sectional |
| .\" committee on computers and data processing. Its name changed to |
| .\" American National Standards Committee X3 (ANSC-X3) and now it is known |
| .\" as Accredited Standards Committee X3 (ASC X3). It is accredited by ANSI |
| .\" and administered by ITI. The subcommittee X3.2 worked on coded |
| .\" character sets; the task group working on ASCII appears to have been |
| .\" designated X3.2.4. In 1966, ASA became the United States of America |
| .\" Standards Institute (USASI) and published ASCII in 1968. It became the |
| .\" American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1969 and is the |
| .\" U.S. member body of ISO; private and nonprofit. |
| .\" |
| .SH SEE ALSO |
| .BR charsets (7), |
| .BR iso_8859\-1 (7), |
| .BR iso_8859\-2 (7), |
| .BR iso_8859\-3 (7), |
| .BR iso_8859\-4 (7), |
| .BR iso_8859\-5 (7), |
| .BR iso_8859\-6 (7), |
| .BR iso_8859\-7 (7), |
| .BR iso_8859\-8 (7), |
| .BR iso_8859\-9 (7), |
| .BR iso_8859\-10 (7), |
| .BR iso_8859\-11 (7), |
| .BR iso_8859\-13 (7), |
| .BR iso_8859\-14 (7), |
| .BR iso_8859\-15 (7), |
| .BR iso_8859\-16 (7), |
| .BR utf\-8 (7) |