.\" Copyright (c) 2017 by Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
.\"
.\" %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM)
.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
.\" preserved on all copies.
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
.\" permission notice identical to this one.
.\"
.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date.  The author(s) assume no
.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
.\" the use of the information contained herein.  The author(s) may not
.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
.\" professionally.
.\"
.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
.\" %%%LICENSE_END
.\"
.\"
.TH IOCTL_IFLAGS 2 2019-11-19 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH NAME
ioctl_iflags \- ioctl() operations for inode flags
.SH DESCRIPTION
Various Linux filesystems support the notion of
.IR "inode flags" \(emattributes
that modify the semantics of files and directories.
These flags can be retrieved and modified using two
.BR ioctl (2)
operations:
.PP
.in +4n
.EX
int attr;
fd = open("pathname", ...);

ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &attr);  /* Place current flags
                                       in \(aqattr\(aq */
attr |= FS_NOATIME_FL;              /* Tweak returned bit mask */
ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_SETFLAGS, &attr);  /* Update flags for inode
                                       referred to by \(aqfd\(aq */
.EE
.in
.PP
The
.BR lsattr (1)
and
.BR chattr (1)
shell commands provide interfaces to these two operations,
allowing a user to view and modify the inode flags associated with a file.
.PP
The following flags are supported
(shown along with the corresponding letter used to indicate the flag by
.BR lsattr (1)
and
.BR chattr (1)):
.TP
.BR FS_APPEND_FL " \(aqa\(aq"
The file can be opened only with the
.B O_APPEND
flag.
(This restriction applies even to the superuser.)
Only a privileged process
.RB ( CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE )
can set or clear this attribute.
.TP
.BR FS_COMPR_FL " \(aqc\(aq"
Store the file in a compressed format on disk.
This flag is
.I not
supported by most of the mainstream filesystem implementations;
one exception is
.BR btrfs (5).
.TP
.BR FS_DIRSYNC_FL " \(aqD\(aq (since Linux 2.6.0)"
Write directory changes synchronously to disk.
This flag provides semantics equivalent to the
.BR mount  (2)
.B MS_DIRSYNC
option, but on a per-directory basis.
This flag can be applied only to directories.
.\" .TP
.\" .BR FS_EXTENT_FL " \(aqe\(aq"
.\" FIXME Some support on ext4? (EXT4_EXTENTS_FL)
.TP
.BR FS_IMMUTABLE_FL " \(aqi\(aq"
The file is immutable:
no changes are permitted to the file contents or metadata
(permissions, timestamps, ownership, link count, and so on).
(This restriction applies even to the superuser.)
Only a privileged process
.RB ( CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE )
can set or clear this attribute.
.TP
.BR FS_JOURNAL_DATA_FL " \(aqj\(aq"
Enable journaling of file data on
.BR ext3 (5)
and
.BR ext4 (5)
filesystems.
On a filesystem that is journaling in
.I ordered
or
.I writeback
mode, a privileged
.RB ( CAP_SYS_RESOURCE )
process can set this flag to enable journaling of data updates on
a per-file basis.
.TP
.BR FS_NOATIME_FL " \(aqA\(aq"
Don't update the file last access time when the file is accessed.
This can provide I/O performance benefits for applications that do not care
about the accuracy of this timestamp.
This flag provides functionality similar to the
.BR mount (2)
.BR MS_NOATIME
flag, but on a per-file basis.
.\" .TP
.\" .BR FS_NOCOMP_FL " \(aq\(aq"
.\" FIXME Support for FS_NOCOMP_FL on Btrfs?
.TP
.BR FS_NOCOW_FL " \(aqC\(aq (since Linux 2.6.39)"
The file will not be subject to copy-on-write updates.
This flag has an effect only on filesystems that support copy-on-write
semantics, such as Btrfs.
See
.BR chattr (1)
and
.BR btrfs (5).
.TP
.BR FS_NODUMP_FL " \(aqd\(aq"
Don't include this file in backups made using
.BR dump (8).
.TP
.BR FS_NOTAIL_FL " \(aqt\(aq"
This flag is supported only on Reiserfs.
It disables the Reiserfs tail-packing feature,
which tries to pack small files (and the final fragment of larger files)
into the same disk block as the file metadata.
.TP
.BR FS_PROJINHERIT_FL " \(aqP\(aq (since Linux 4.5)"
.\" commit 040cb3786d9b25293b8b0b05b90da0f871e1eb9b
.\" Flag name was added in Linux 4.4
.\" FIXME Not currently supported because not in FS_FL_USER_MODIFIABLE?
Inherit the quota project ID.
Files and subdirectories will inherit the project ID of the directory.
This flag can be applied only to directories.
.TP
.BR FS_SECRM_FL " \(aqs\(aq"
Mark the file for secure deletion.
This feature is not implemented by any filesystem,
since the task of securely erasing a file from a recording medium
is surprisingly difficult.
.TP
.BR FS_SYNC_FL " \(aqS\(aq"
Make file updates synchronous.
For files, this makes all writes synchronous
(as though all opens of the file were with the
.BR O_SYNC
flag).
For directories, this has the same effect as the
.BR FS_DIRSYNC_FL
flag.
.TP
.BR FS_TOPDIR_FL " \(aqT\(aq"
Mark a directory for special treatment under the Orlov block-allocation
strategy.
See
.BR chattr (1)
for details.
This flag can be applied only to directories and
has an effect only for ext2, ext3, and ext4.
.TP
.BR FS_UNRM_FL " \(aqu\(aq"
Allow the file to be undeleted if it is deleted.
This feature is not implemented by any filesystem,
since it is possible to implement file-recovery mechanisms outside the kernel.
.PP
In most cases,
when any of the above flags is set on a directory,
the flag is inherited by files and subdirectories
created inside that directory.
Exceptions include
.BR FS_TOPDIR_FL ,
which is not inheritable, and
.BR FS_DIRSYNC_FL ,
which is inherited only by subdirectories.
.SH CONFORMING TO
Inode flags are a nonstandard Linux extension.
.SH NOTES
In order to change the inode flags of a file using the
.BR FS_IOC_SETFLAGS
operation,
the effective user ID of the caller must match the owner of the file,
or the caller must have the
.BR CAP_FOWNER
capability.
.PP
The type of the argument given to the
.BR FS_IOC_GETFLAGS
and
.BR FS_IOC_SETFLAGS
operations is
.IR "int\ *" ,
notwithstanding the implication in the kernel source file
.I include/uapi/linux/fs.h
that the argument is
.IR "long\ *" .
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR chattr (1),
.BR lsattr (1),
.BR mount (2),
.BR btrfs (5),
.BR ext4 (5),
.BR xfs (5),
.BR xattr (7),
.BR mount (8)