fscrypt: add support for hardware-wrapped keys

Add support for hardware-wrapped keys to fscrypt.  Such keys are
protected from certain attacks, such as cold boot attacks.  For more
information, see the "Hardware-wrapped keys" section of
Documentation/block/inline-encryption.rst.

To support hardware-wrapped keys in fscrypt, we allow the fscrypt master
keys to be hardware-wrapped, and we allow encryption policies to be
flagged as needing a hardware-wrapped key.  File contents encryption is
done by passing the wrapped key to the inline encryption hardware via
blk-crypto.  Other fscrypt operations such as filenames encryption
continue to be done by the kernel, using the "software secret" which the
hardware derives.  For more information, see the documentation which
this patch adds to Documentation/filesystems/fscrypt.rst.

Note that this feature doesn't require any filesystem-specific changes.
However it does depend on inline encryption support, and thus currently
it is only applicable to ext4 and f2fs, not to ubifs or CephFS.

This feature is intentionally not UAPI or on-disk format compatible with
the version of this feature in the Android Common Kernels, as that
version was meant as a temporary solution and it took some shortcuts.
Once upstreamed, this new version should be used going forwards.

This patch has been heavily rewritten from the original version by
Gaurav Kashyap <gaurkash@codeaurora.org> and
Barani Muthukumaran <bmuthuku@codeaurora.org>.

Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
9 files changed