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<div id="header"> | |
<h1> | |
git-cat-file(1) Manual Page | |
</h1> | |
<h2>NAME</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<p>git-cat-file - | |
Provide content or type and size information for repository objects | |
</p> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<div id="content"> | |
<div class="sect1"> | |
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="verseblock"> | |
<pre class="content"><em>git cat-file</em> (-t [--allow-unknown-type]| -s [--allow-unknown-type]| -e | -p | <type> | --textconv | --filters ) [--path=<path>] <object> | |
<em>git cat-file</em> (--batch | --batch-check) [ --textconv | --filters ] [--follow-symlinks]</pre> | |
<div class="attribution"> | |
</div></div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<div class="sect1"> | |
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>In its first form, the command provides the content or the type of an object in | |
the repository. The type is required unless <code>-t</code> or <code>-p</code> is used to find the | |
object type, or <code>-s</code> is used to find the object size, or <code>--textconv</code> or | |
<code>--filters</code> is used (which imply type "blob").</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>In the second form, a list of objects (separated by linefeeds) is provided on | |
stdin, and the SHA-1, type, and size of each object is printed on stdout. The | |
output format can be overridden using the optional <code><format></code> argument. If | |
either <code>--textconv</code> or <code>--filters</code> was specified, the input is expected to | |
list the object names followed by the path name, separated by a single white | |
space, so that the appropriate drivers can be determined.</p></div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<div class="sect1"> | |
<h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="dlist"><dl> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
<object> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
The name of the object to show. | |
For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see | |
the "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in <a href="gitrevisions.html">gitrevisions(7)</a>. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
-t | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Instead of the content, show the object type identified by | |
<object>. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
-s | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Instead of the content, show the object size identified by | |
<object>. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
-e | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Exit with zero status if <object> exists and is a valid | |
object. If <object> is of an invalid format exit with non-zero and | |
emits an error on stderr. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
-p | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Pretty-print the contents of <object> based on its type. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
<type> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Typically this matches the real type of <object> but asking | |
for a type that can trivially be dereferenced from the given | |
<object> is also permitted. An example is to ask for a | |
"tree" with <object> being a commit object that contains it, | |
or to ask for a "blob" with <object> being a tag object that | |
points at it. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--textconv | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Show the content as transformed by a textconv filter. In this case, | |
<object> has to be of the form <tree-ish>:<path>, or :<path> in | |
order to apply the filter to the content recorded in the index at | |
<path>. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--filters | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Show the content as converted by the filters configured in | |
the current working tree for the given <path> (i.e. smudge filters, | |
end-of-line conversion, etc). In this case, <object> has to be of | |
the form <tree-ish>:<path>, or :<path>. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--path=<path> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
For use with --textconv or --filters, to allow specifying an object | |
name and a path separately, e.g. when it is difficult to figure out | |
the revision from which the blob came. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--batch | |
</dt> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--batch=<format> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Print object information and contents for each object provided | |
on stdin. May not be combined with any other options or arguments | |
except <code>--textconv</code> or <code>--filters</code>, in which case the input lines | |
also need to specify the path, separated by white space. See the | |
section <code>BATCH OUTPUT</code> below for details. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--batch-check | |
</dt> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--batch-check=<format> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Print object information for each object provided on stdin. May | |
not be combined with any other options or arguments except | |
<code>--textconv</code> or <code>--filters</code>, in which case the input lines also | |
need to specify the path, separated by white space. See the | |
section <code>BATCH OUTPUT</code> below for details. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--batch-all-objects | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Instead of reading a list of objects on stdin, perform the | |
requested batch operation on all objects in the repository and | |
any alternate object stores (not just reachable objects). | |
Requires <code>--batch</code> or <code>--batch-check</code> be specified. Note that | |
the objects are visited in order sorted by their hashes. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--buffer | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Normally batch output is flushed after each object is output, so | |
that a process can interactively read and write from | |
<code>cat-file</code>. With this option, the output uses normal stdio | |
buffering; this is much more efficient when invoking | |
<code>--batch-check</code> on a large number of objects. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--unordered | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
When <code>--batch-all-objects</code> is in use, visit objects in an | |
order which may be more efficient for accessing the object | |
contents than hash order. The exact details of the order are | |
unspecified, but if you do not require a specific order, this | |
should generally result in faster output, especially with | |
<code>--batch</code>. Note that <code>cat-file</code> will still show each object | |
only once, even if it is stored multiple times in the | |
repository. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--allow-unknown-type | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Allow -s or -t to query broken/corrupt objects of unknown type. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--follow-symlinks | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
With --batch or --batch-check, follow symlinks inside the | |
repository when requesting objects with extended SHA-1 | |
expressions of the form tree-ish:path-in-tree. Instead of | |
providing output about the link itself, provide output about | |
the linked-to object. If a symlink points outside the | |
tree-ish (e.g. a link to /foo or a root-level link to ../foo), | |
the portion of the link which is outside the tree will be | |
printed. | |
</p> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option does not (currently) work correctly when an object in the | |
index is specified (e.g. <code>:link</code> instead of <code>HEAD:link</code>) rather than | |
one in the tree.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option cannot (currently) be used unless <code>--batch</code> or | |
<code>--batch-check</code> is used.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example, consider a git repository containing:</p></div> | |
<div class="openblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<div class="literalblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><code>f: a file containing "hello\n" | |
link: a symlink to f | |
dir/link: a symlink to ../f | |
plink: a symlink to ../f | |
alink: a symlink to /etc/passwd</code></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>For a regular file <code>f</code>, <code>echo HEAD:f | git cat-file --batch</code> would print</p></div> | |
<div class="openblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<div class="literalblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><code>ce013625030ba8dba906f756967f9e9ca394464a blob 6</code></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>And <code>echo HEAD:link | git cat-file --batch --follow-symlinks</code> would | |
print the same thing, as would <code>HEAD:dir/link</code>, as they both point at | |
<code>HEAD:f</code>.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Without <code>--follow-symlinks</code>, these would print data about the symlink | |
itself. In the case of <code>HEAD:link</code>, you would see</p></div> | |
<div class="openblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<div class="literalblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><code>4d1ae35ba2c8ec712fa2a379db44ad639ca277bd blob 1</code></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Both <code>plink</code> and <code>alink</code> point outside the tree, so they would | |
respectively print:</p></div> | |
<div class="openblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<div class="literalblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><code>symlink 4 | |
../f</code></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="literalblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><code>symlink 11 | |
/etc/passwd</code></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
</div></div> | |
</dd> | |
</dl></div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<div class="sect1"> | |
<h2 id="_output">OUTPUT</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>If <code>-t</code> is specified, one of the <type>.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>If <code>-s</code> is specified, the size of the <object> in bytes.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>If <code>-e</code> is specified, no output, unless the <object> is malformed.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>If <code>-p</code> is specified, the contents of <object> are pretty-printed.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>If <type> is specified, the raw (though uncompressed) contents of the <object> | |
will be returned.</p></div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<div class="sect1"> | |
<h2 id="_batch_output">BATCH OUTPUT</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>If <code>--batch</code> or <code>--batch-check</code> is given, <code>cat-file</code> will read objects | |
from stdin, one per line, and print information about them. By default, | |
the whole line is considered as an object, as if it were fed to | |
<a href="git-rev-parse.html">git-rev-parse(1)</a>.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can specify the information shown for each object by using a custom | |
<code><format></code>. The <code><format></code> is copied literally to stdout for each | |
object, with placeholders of the form <code>%(atom)</code> expanded, followed by a | |
newline. The available atoms are:</p></div> | |
<div class="dlist"><dl> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
<code>objectname</code> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
The 40-hex object name of the object. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
<code>objecttype</code> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
The type of the object (the same as <code>cat-file -t</code> reports). | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
<code>objectsize</code> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
The size, in bytes, of the object (the same as <code>cat-file -s</code> | |
reports). | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
<code>objectsize:disk</code> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
The size, in bytes, that the object takes up on disk. See the | |
note about on-disk sizes in the <code>CAVEATS</code> section below. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
<code>deltabase</code> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
If the object is stored as a delta on-disk, this expands to the | |
40-hex sha1 of the delta base object. Otherwise, expands to the | |
null sha1 (40 zeroes). See <code>CAVEATS</code> below. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
<code>rest</code> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
If this atom is used in the output string, input lines are split | |
at the first whitespace boundary. All characters before that | |
whitespace are considered to be the object name; characters | |
after that first run of whitespace (i.e., the "rest" of the | |
line) are output in place of the <code>%(rest)</code> atom. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
</dl></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>If no format is specified, the default format is <code>%(objectname) | |
%(objecttype) %(objectsize)</code>.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>If <code>--batch</code> is specified, the object information is followed by the | |
object contents (consisting of <code>%(objectsize)</code> bytes), followed by a | |
newline.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example, <code>--batch</code> without a custom format would produce:</p></div> | |
<div class="listingblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><code><sha1> SP <type> SP <size> LF | |
<contents> LF</code></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Whereas <code>--batch-check='%(objectname) %(objecttype)'</code> would produce:</p></div> | |
<div class="listingblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><code><sha1> SP <type> LF</code></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>If a name is specified on stdin that cannot be resolved to an object in | |
the repository, then <code>cat-file</code> will ignore any custom format and print:</p></div> | |
<div class="listingblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><code><object> SP missing LF</code></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>If --follow-symlinks is used, and a symlink in the repository points | |
outside the repository, then <code>cat-file</code> will ignore any custom format | |
and print:</p></div> | |
<div class="listingblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><code>symlink SP <size> LF | |
<symlink> LF</code></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>The symlink will either be absolute (beginning with a /), or relative | |
to the tree root. For instance, if dir/link points to ../../foo, then | |
<symlink> will be ../foo. <size> is the size of the symlink in bytes.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>If --follow-symlinks is used, the following error messages will be | |
displayed:</p></div> | |
<div class="listingblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><code><object> SP missing LF</code></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>is printed when the initial symlink requested does not exist.</p></div> | |
<div class="listingblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><code>dangling SP <size> LF | |
<object> LF</code></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>is printed when the initial symlink exists, but something that | |
it (transitive-of) points to does not.</p></div> | |
<div class="listingblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><code>loop SP <size> LF | |
<object> LF</code></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>is printed for symlink loops (or any symlinks that | |
require more than 40 link resolutions to resolve).</p></div> | |
<div class="listingblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><code>notdir SP <size> LF | |
<object> LF</code></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>is printed when, during symlink resolution, a file is used as a | |
directory name.</p></div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<div class="sect1"> | |
<h2 id="_caveats">CAVEATS</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that the sizes of objects on disk are reported accurately, but care | |
should be taken in drawing conclusions about which refs or objects are | |
responsible for disk usage. The size of a packed non-delta object may be | |
much larger than the size of objects which delta against it, but the | |
choice of which object is the base and which is the delta is arbitrary | |
and is subject to change during a repack.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Note also that multiple copies of an object may be present in the object | |
database; in this case, it is undefined which copy’s size or delta base | |
will be reported.</p></div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<div class="sect1"> | |
<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> | |
<div id="footer"> | |
<div id="footer-text"> | |
Last updated | |
2018-08-21 05:12:02 JST | |
</div> | |
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