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<body class="manpage"> | |
<div id="header"> | |
<h1> | |
git-format-patch(1) Manual Page | |
</h1> | |
<h2>NAME</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<p>git-format-patch - | |
Prepare patches for e-mail submission | |
</p> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<div id="content"> | |
<div class="sect1"> | |
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="verseblock"> | |
<pre class="content"><em>git format-patch</em> [-k] [(-o|--output-directory) <dir> | --stdout] | |
[--no-thread | --thread[=<style>]] | |
[(--attach|--inline)[=<boundary>] | --no-attach] | |
[-s | --signoff] | |
[--signature=<signature> | --no-signature] | |
[--signature-file=<file>] | |
[-n | --numbered | -N | --no-numbered] | |
[--start-number <n>] [--numbered-files] | |
[--in-reply-to=Message-Id] [--suffix=.<sfx>] | |
[--ignore-if-in-upstream] | |
[--rfc] [--subject-prefix=Subject-Prefix] | |
[(--reroll-count|-v) <n>] | |
[--to=<email>] [--cc=<email>] | |
[--[no-]cover-letter] [--quiet] [--notes[=<ref>]] | |
[--interdiff=<previous>] | |
[--range-diff=<previous> [--creation-factor=<percent>]] | |
[--progress] | |
[<common diff options>] | |
[ <since> | <revision range> ]</pre> | |
<div class="attribution"> | |
</div></div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<div class="sect1"> | |
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Prepare each commit with its patch in | |
one file per commit, formatted to resemble UNIX mailbox format. | |
The output of this command is convenient for e-mail submission or | |
for use with <em>git am</em>.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>There are two ways to specify which commits to operate on.</p></div> | |
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic"> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
A single commit, <since>, specifies that the commits leading | |
to the tip of the current branch that are not in the history | |
that leads to the <since> to be output. | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
Generic <revision range> expression (see "SPECIFYING | |
REVISIONS" section in <a href="gitrevisions.html">gitrevisions(7)</a>) means the | |
commits in the specified range. | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
</ol></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>The first rule takes precedence in the case of a single <commit>. To | |
apply the second rule, i.e., format everything since the beginning of | |
history up until <commit>, use the <code>--root</code> option: <code>git format-patch | |
--root <commit></code>. If you want to format only <commit> itself, you | |
can do this with <code>git format-patch -1 <commit></code>.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>By default, each output file is numbered sequentially from 1, and uses the | |
first line of the commit message (massaged for pathname safety) as | |
the filename. With the <code>--numbered-files</code> option, the output file names | |
will only be numbers, without the first line of the commit appended. | |
The names of the output files are printed to standard | |
output, unless the <code>--stdout</code> option is specified.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>If <code>-o</code> is specified, output files are created in <dir>. Otherwise | |
they are created in the current working directory. The default path | |
can be set with the <code>format.outputDirectory</code> configuration option. | |
The <code>-o</code> option takes precedence over <code>format.outputDirectory</code>. | |
To store patches in the current working directory even when | |
<code>format.outputDirectory</code> points elsewhere, use <code>-o .</code>.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>By default, the subject of a single patch is "[PATCH] " followed by | |
the concatenation of lines from the commit message up to the first blank | |
line (see the DISCUSSION section of <a href="git-commit.html">git-commit(1)</a>).</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>When multiple patches are output, the subject prefix will instead be | |
"[PATCH n/m] ". To force 1/1 to be added for a single patch, use <code>-n</code>. | |
To omit patch numbers from the subject, use <code>-N</code>.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>If given <code>--thread</code>, <code>git-format-patch</code> will generate <code>In-Reply-To</code> and | |
<code>References</code> headers to make the second and subsequent patch mails appear | |
as replies to the first mail; this also generates a <code>Message-Id</code> header to | |
reference.</p></div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<div class="sect1"> | |
<h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="dlist"><dl> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
-p | |
</dt> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--no-stat | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Generate plain patches without any diffstats. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
-U<n> | |
</dt> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--unified=<n> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Generate diffs with <n> lines of context instead of | |
the usual three. Implies <code>--patch</code>. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--output=<file> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Output to a specific file instead of stdout. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--output-indicator-new=<char> | |
</dt> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--output-indicator-old=<char> | |
</dt> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--output-indicator-context=<char> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Specify the character used to indicate new, old or context | |
lines in the generated patch. Normally they are <em>+</em>, <em>-</em> and | |
' ' respectively. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--indent-heuristic | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Enable the heuristic that shifts diff hunk boundaries to make patches | |
easier to read. This is the default. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--no-indent-heuristic | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Disable the indent heuristic. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--minimal | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible | |
diff is produced. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--patience | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Generate a diff using the "patience diff" algorithm. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--histogram | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Generate a diff using the "histogram diff" algorithm. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--anchored=<text> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Generate a diff using the "anchored diff" algorithm. | |
</p> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may be specified more than once.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>If a line exists in both the source and destination, exists only once, | |
and starts with this text, this algorithm attempts to prevent it from | |
appearing as a deletion or addition in the output. It uses the "patience | |
diff" algorithm internally.</p></div> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--diff-algorithm={patience|minimal|histogram|myers} | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Choose a diff algorithm. The variants are as follows: | |
</p> | |
<div class="openblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<div class="dlist"><dl> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
<code>default</code>, <code>myers</code> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
The basic greedy diff algorithm. Currently, this is the default. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
<code>minimal</code> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible diff is | |
produced. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
<code>patience</code> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Use "patience diff" algorithm when generating patches. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
<code>histogram</code> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
This algorithm extends the patience algorithm to "support | |
low-occurrence common elements". | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
</dl></div> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>For instance, if you configured the <code>diff.algorithm</code> variable to a | |
non-default value and want to use the default one, then you | |
have to use <code>--diff-algorithm=default</code> option.</p></div> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--stat[=<width>[,<name-width>[,<count>]]] | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Generate a diffstat. By default, as much space as necessary | |
will be used for the filename part, and the rest for the graph | |
part. Maximum width defaults to terminal width, or 80 columns | |
if not connected to a terminal, and can be overridden by | |
<code><width></code>. The width of the filename part can be limited by | |
giving another width <code><name-width></code> after a comma. The width | |
of the graph part can be limited by using | |
<code>--stat-graph-width=<width></code> (affects all commands generating | |
a stat graph) or by setting <code>diff.statGraphWidth=<width></code> | |
(does not affect <code>git format-patch</code>). | |
By giving a third parameter <code><count></code>, you can limit the | |
output to the first <code><count></code> lines, followed by <code>...</code> if | |
there are more. | |
</p> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>These parameters can also be set individually with <code>--stat-width=<width></code>, | |
<code>--stat-name-width=<name-width></code> and <code>--stat-count=<count></code>.</p></div> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--compact-summary | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Output a condensed summary of extended header information such | |
as file creations or deletions ("new" or "gone", optionally "+l" | |
if it’s a symlink) and mode changes ("+x" or "-x" for adding | |
or removing executable bit respectively) in diffstat. The | |
information is put between the filename part and the graph | |
part. Implies <code>--stat</code>. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--numstat | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Similar to <code>--stat</code>, but shows number of added and | |
deleted lines in decimal notation and pathname without | |
abbreviation, to make it more machine friendly. For | |
binary files, outputs two <code>-</code> instead of saying | |
<code>0 0</code>. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--shortstat | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Output only the last line of the <code>--stat</code> format containing total | |
number of modified files, as well as number of added and deleted | |
lines. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
-X[<param1,param2,…>] | |
</dt> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--dirstat[=<param1,param2,…>] | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Output the distribution of relative amount of changes for each | |
sub-directory. The behavior of <code>--dirstat</code> can be customized by | |
passing it a comma separated list of parameters. | |
The defaults are controlled by the <code>diff.dirstat</code> configuration | |
variable (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). | |
The following parameters are available: | |
</p> | |
<div class="openblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<div class="dlist"><dl> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
<code>changes</code> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Compute the dirstat numbers by counting the lines that have been | |
removed from the source, or added to the destination. This ignores | |
the amount of pure code movements within a file. In other words, | |
rearranging lines in a file is not counted as much as other changes. | |
This is the default behavior when no parameter is given. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
<code>lines</code> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Compute the dirstat numbers by doing the regular line-based diff | |
analysis, and summing the removed/added line counts. (For binary | |
files, count 64-byte chunks instead, since binary files have no | |
natural concept of lines). This is a more expensive <code>--dirstat</code> | |
behavior than the <code>changes</code> behavior, but it does count rearranged | |
lines within a file as much as other changes. The resulting output | |
is consistent with what you get from the other <code>--*stat</code> options. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
<code>files</code> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Compute the dirstat numbers by counting the number of files changed. | |
Each changed file counts equally in the dirstat analysis. This is | |
the computationally cheapest <code>--dirstat</code> behavior, since it does | |
not have to look at the file contents at all. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
<code>cumulative</code> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Count changes in a child directory for the parent directory as well. | |
Note that when using <code>cumulative</code>, the sum of the percentages | |
reported may exceed 100%. The default (non-cumulative) behavior can | |
be specified with the <code>noncumulative</code> parameter. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
<limit> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
An integer parameter specifies a cut-off percent (3% by default). | |
Directories contributing less than this percentage of the changes | |
are not shown in the output. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
</dl></div> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Example: The following will count changed files, while ignoring | |
directories with less than 10% of the total amount of changed files, | |
and accumulating child directory counts in the parent directories: | |
<code>--dirstat=files,10,cumulative</code>.</p></div> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--cumulative | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Synonym for --dirstat=cumulative | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--dirstat-by-file[=<param1,param2>…] | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Synonym for --dirstat=files,param1,param2… | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--summary | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Output a condensed summary of extended header information | |
such as creations, renames and mode changes. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--no-renames | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Turn off rename detection, even when the configuration | |
file gives the default to do so. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--[no-]rename-empty | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Whether to use empty blobs as rename source. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--full-index | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Instead of the first handful of characters, show the full | |
pre- and post-image blob object names on the "index" | |
line when generating patch format output. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--binary | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
In addition to <code>--full-index</code>, output a binary diff that | |
can be applied with <code>git-apply</code>. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--abbrev[=<n>] | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal object | |
name in diff-raw format output and diff-tree header | |
lines, show only a partial prefix. This is | |
independent of the <code>--full-index</code> option above, which controls | |
the diff-patch output format. Non default number of | |
digits can be specified with <code>--abbrev=<n></code>. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
-B[<n>][/<m>] | |
</dt> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--break-rewrites[=[<n>][/<m>]] | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Break complete rewrite changes into pairs of delete and | |
create. This serves two purposes: | |
</p> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>It affects the way a change that amounts to a total rewrite of a file | |
not as a series of deletion and insertion mixed together with a very | |
few lines that happen to match textually as the context, but as a | |
single deletion of everything old followed by a single insertion of | |
everything new, and the number <code>m</code> controls this aspect of the -B | |
option (defaults to 60%). <code>-B/70%</code> specifies that less than 30% of the | |
original should remain in the result for Git to consider it a total | |
rewrite (i.e. otherwise the resulting patch will be a series of | |
deletion and insertion mixed together with context lines).</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>When used with -M, a totally-rewritten file is also considered as the | |
source of a rename (usually -M only considers a file that disappeared | |
as the source of a rename), and the number <code>n</code> controls this aspect of | |
the -B option (defaults to 50%). <code>-B20%</code> specifies that a change with | |
addition and deletion compared to 20% or more of the file’s size are | |
eligible for being picked up as a possible source of a rename to | |
another file.</p></div> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
-M[<n>] | |
</dt> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--find-renames[=<n>] | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Detect renames. | |
If <code>n</code> is specified, it is a threshold on the similarity | |
index (i.e. amount of addition/deletions compared to the | |
file’s size). For example, <code>-M90%</code> means Git should consider a | |
delete/add pair to be a rename if more than 90% of the file | |
hasn’t changed. Without a <code>%</code> sign, the number is to be read as | |
a fraction, with a decimal point before it. I.e., <code>-M5</code> becomes | |
0.5, and is thus the same as <code>-M50%</code>. Similarly, <code>-M05</code> is | |
the same as <code>-M5%</code>. To limit detection to exact renames, use | |
<code>-M100%</code>. The default similarity index is 50%. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
-C[<n>] | |
</dt> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--find-copies[=<n>] | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Detect copies as well as renames. See also <code>--find-copies-harder</code>. | |
If <code>n</code> is specified, it has the same meaning as for <code>-M<n></code>. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--find-copies-harder | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
For performance reasons, by default, <code>-C</code> option finds copies only | |
if the original file of the copy was modified in the same | |
changeset. This flag makes the command | |
inspect unmodified files as candidates for the source of | |
copy. This is a very expensive operation for large | |
projects, so use it with caution. Giving more than one | |
<code>-C</code> option has the same effect. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
-D | |
</dt> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--irreversible-delete | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Omit the preimage for deletes, i.e. print only the header but not | |
the diff between the preimage and <code>/dev/null</code>. The resulting patch | |
is not meant to be applied with <code>patch</code> or <code>git apply</code>; this is | |
solely for people who want to just concentrate on reviewing the | |
text after the change. In addition, the output obviously lacks | |
enough information to apply such a patch in reverse, even manually, | |
hence the name of the option. | |
</p> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>When used together with <code>-B</code>, omit also the preimage in the deletion part | |
of a delete/create pair.</p></div> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
-l<num> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
The <code>-M</code> and <code>-C</code> options require O(n^2) processing time where n | |
is the number of potential rename/copy targets. This | |
option prevents rename/copy detection from running if | |
the number of rename/copy targets exceeds the specified | |
number. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
-O<orderfile> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Control the order in which files appear in the output. | |
This overrides the <code>diff.orderFile</code> configuration variable | |
(see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). To cancel <code>diff.orderFile</code>, | |
use <code>-O/dev/null</code>. | |
</p> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>The output order is determined by the order of glob patterns in | |
<orderfile>. | |
All files with pathnames that match the first pattern are output | |
first, all files with pathnames that match the second pattern (but not | |
the first) are output next, and so on. | |
All files with pathnames that do not match any pattern are output | |
last, as if there was an implicit match-all pattern at the end of the | |
file. | |
If multiple pathnames have the same rank (they match the same pattern | |
but no earlier patterns), their output order relative to each other is | |
the normal order.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p><orderfile> is parsed as follows:</p></div> | |
<div class="openblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<div class="ulist"><ul> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
Blank lines are ignored, so they can be used as separators for | |
readability. | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
Lines starting with a hash ("<code>#</code>") are ignored, so they can be used | |
for comments. Add a backslash ("<code>\</code>") to the beginning of the | |
pattern if it starts with a hash. | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
Each other line contains a single pattern. | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
</ul></div> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Patterns have the same syntax and semantics as patterns used for | |
fnmatch(3) without the FNM_PATHNAME flag, except a pathname also | |
matches a pattern if removing any number of the final pathname | |
components matches the pattern. For example, the pattern "<code>foo*bar</code>" | |
matches "<code>fooasdfbar</code>" and "<code>foo/bar/baz/asdf</code>" but not "<code>foobarx</code>".</p></div> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
-a | |
</dt> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--text | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Treat all files as text. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--ignore-cr-at-eol | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Ignore carriage-return at the end of line when doing a comparison. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--ignore-space-at-eol | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Ignore changes in whitespace at EOL. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
-b | |
</dt> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--ignore-space-change | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Ignore changes in amount of whitespace. This ignores whitespace | |
at line end, and considers all other sequences of one or | |
more whitespace characters to be equivalent. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
-w | |
</dt> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--ignore-all-space | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Ignore whitespace when comparing lines. This ignores | |
differences even if one line has whitespace where the other | |
line has none. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--ignore-blank-lines | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Ignore changes whose lines are all blank. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--inter-hunk-context=<lines> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Show the context between diff hunks, up to the specified number | |
of lines, thereby fusing hunks that are close to each other. | |
Defaults to <code>diff.interHunkContext</code> or 0 if the config option | |
is unset. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
-W | |
</dt> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--function-context | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Show whole surrounding functions of changes. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--ext-diff | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Allow an external diff helper to be executed. If you set an | |
external diff driver with <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a>, you need | |
to use this option with <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a> and friends. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--no-ext-diff | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Disallow external diff drivers. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--textconv | |
</dt> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--no-textconv | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Allow (or disallow) external text conversion filters to be run | |
when comparing binary files. See <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a> for | |
details. Because textconv filters are typically a one-way | |
conversion, the resulting diff is suitable for human | |
consumption, but cannot be applied. For this reason, textconv | |
filters are enabled by default only for <a href="git-diff.html">git-diff(1)</a> and | |
<a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>, but not for <a href="git-format-patch.html">git-format-patch(1)</a> or | |
diff plumbing commands. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--ignore-submodules[=<when>] | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Ignore changes to submodules in the diff generation. <when> can be | |
either "none", "untracked", "dirty" or "all", which is the default. | |
Using "none" will consider the submodule modified when it either contains | |
untracked or modified files or its HEAD differs from the commit recorded | |
in the superproject and can be used to override any settings of the | |
<em>ignore</em> option in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> or <a href="gitmodules.html">gitmodules(5)</a>. When | |
"untracked" is used submodules are not considered dirty when they only | |
contain untracked content (but they are still scanned for modified | |
content). Using "dirty" ignores all changes to the work tree of submodules, | |
only changes to the commits stored in the superproject are shown (this was | |
the behavior until 1.7.0). Using "all" hides all changes to submodules. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--src-prefix=<prefix> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Show the given source prefix instead of "a/". | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--dst-prefix=<prefix> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Show the given destination prefix instead of "b/". | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--no-prefix | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Do not show any source or destination prefix. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--line-prefix=<prefix> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Prepend an additional prefix to every line of output. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--ita-invisible-in-index | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
By default entries added by "git add -N" appear as an existing | |
empty file in "git diff" and a new file in "git diff --cached". | |
This option makes the entry appear as a new file in "git diff" | |
and non-existent in "git diff --cached". This option could be | |
reverted with <code>--ita-visible-in-index</code>. Both options are | |
experimental and could be removed in future. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
</dl></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>For more detailed explanation on these common options, see also | |
<a href="gitdiffcore.html">gitdiffcore(7)</a>.</p></div> | |
<div class="dlist"><dl> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
-<n> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Prepare patches from the topmost <n> commits. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
-o <dir> | |
</dt> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--output-directory <dir> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Use <dir> to store the resulting files, instead of the | |
current working directory. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
-n | |
</dt> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--numbered | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Name output in <em>[PATCH n/m]</em> format, even with a single patch. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
-N | |
</dt> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--no-numbered | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Name output in <em>[PATCH]</em> format. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--start-number <n> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Start numbering the patches at <n> instead of 1. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--numbered-files | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Output file names will be a simple number sequence | |
without the default first line of the commit appended. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
-k | |
</dt> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--keep-subject | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Do not strip/add <em>[PATCH]</em> from the first line of the | |
commit log message. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
-s | |
</dt> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--signoff | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Add <code>Signed-off-by:</code> line to the commit message, using | |
the committer identity of yourself. | |
See the signoff option in <a href="git-commit.html">git-commit(1)</a> for more information. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--stdout | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Print all commits to the standard output in mbox format, | |
instead of creating a file for each one. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--attach[=<boundary>] | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Create multipart/mixed attachment, the first part of | |
which is the commit message and the patch itself in the | |
second part, with <code>Content-Disposition: attachment</code>. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--no-attach | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Disable the creation of an attachment, overriding the | |
configuration setting. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--inline[=<boundary>] | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Create multipart/mixed attachment, the first part of | |
which is the commit message and the patch itself in the | |
second part, with <code>Content-Disposition: inline</code>. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--thread[=<style>] | |
</dt> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--no-thread | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Controls addition of <code>In-Reply-To</code> and <code>References</code> headers to | |
make the second and subsequent mails appear as replies to the | |
first. Also controls generation of the <code>Message-Id</code> header to | |
reference. | |
</p> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>The optional <style> argument can be either <code>shallow</code> or <code>deep</code>. | |
<em>shallow</em> threading makes every mail a reply to the head of the | |
series, where the head is chosen from the cover letter, the | |
<code>--in-reply-to</code>, and the first patch mail, in this order. <em>deep</em> | |
threading makes every mail a reply to the previous one.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>The default is <code>--no-thread</code>, unless the <code>format.thread</code> configuration | |
is set. If <code>--thread</code> is specified without a style, it defaults to the | |
style specified by <code>format.thread</code> if any, or else <code>shallow</code>.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Beware that the default for <em>git send-email</em> is to thread emails | |
itself. If you want <code>git format-patch</code> to take care of threading, you | |
will want to ensure that threading is disabled for <code>git send-email</code>.</p></div> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--in-reply-to=Message-Id | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Make the first mail (or all the mails with <code>--no-thread</code>) appear as a | |
reply to the given Message-Id, which avoids breaking threads to | |
provide a new patch series. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--ignore-if-in-upstream | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Do not include a patch that matches a commit in | |
<until>..<since>. This will examine all patches reachable | |
from <since> but not from <until> and compare them with the | |
patches being generated, and any patch that matches is | |
ignored. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--subject-prefix=<Subject-Prefix> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Instead of the standard <em>[PATCH]</em> prefix in the subject | |
line, instead use <em>[<Subject-Prefix>]</em>. This | |
allows for useful naming of a patch series, and can be | |
combined with the <code>--numbered</code> option. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--rfc | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Alias for <code>--subject-prefix="RFC PATCH"</code>. RFC means "Request For | |
Comments"; use this when sending an experimental patch for | |
discussion rather than application. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
-v <n> | |
</dt> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--reroll-count=<n> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Mark the series as the <n>-th iteration of the topic. The | |
output filenames have <code>v<n></code> prepended to them, and the | |
subject prefix ("PATCH" by default, but configurable via the | |
<code>--subject-prefix</code> option) has ` v<n>` appended to it. E.g. | |
<code>--reroll-count=4</code> may produce <code>v4-0001-add-makefile.patch</code> | |
file that has "Subject: [PATCH v4 1/20] Add makefile" in it. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--to=<email> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Add a <code>To:</code> header to the email headers. This is in addition | |
to any configured headers, and may be used multiple times. | |
The negated form <code>--no-to</code> discards all <code>To:</code> headers added so | |
far (from config or command line). | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--cc=<email> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Add a <code>Cc:</code> header to the email headers. This is in addition | |
to any configured headers, and may be used multiple times. | |
The negated form <code>--no-cc</code> discards all <code>Cc:</code> headers added so | |
far (from config or command line). | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--from | |
</dt> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--from=<ident> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Use <code>ident</code> in the <code>From:</code> header of each commit email. If the | |
author ident of the commit is not textually identical to the | |
provided <code>ident</code>, place a <code>From:</code> header in the body of the | |
message with the original author. If no <code>ident</code> is given, use | |
the committer ident. | |
</p> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that this option is only useful if you are actually sending the | |
emails and want to identify yourself as the sender, but retain the | |
original author (and <code>git am</code> will correctly pick up the in-body | |
header). Note also that <code>git send-email</code> already handles this | |
transformation for you, and this option should not be used if you are | |
feeding the result to <code>git send-email</code>.</p></div> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--add-header=<header> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Add an arbitrary header to the email headers. This is in addition | |
to any configured headers, and may be used multiple times. | |
For example, <code>--add-header="Organization: git-foo"</code>. | |
The negated form <code>--no-add-header</code> discards <strong>all</strong> (<code>To:</code>, | |
<code>Cc:</code>, and custom) headers added so far from config or command | |
line. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--[no-]cover-letter | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
In addition to the patches, generate a cover letter file | |
containing the branch description, shortlog and the overall diffstat. You can | |
fill in a description in the file before sending it out. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--interdiff=<previous> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
As a reviewer aid, insert an interdiff into the cover letter, | |
or as commentary of the lone patch of a 1-patch series, showing | |
the differences between the previous version of the patch series and | |
the series currently being formatted. <code>previous</code> is a single revision | |
naming the tip of the previous series which shares a common base with | |
the series being formatted (for example <code>git format-patch | |
--cover-letter --interdiff=feature/v1 -3 feature/v2</code>). | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--range-diff=<previous> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
As a reviewer aid, insert a range-diff (see <a href="git-range-diff.html">git-range-diff(1)</a>) | |
into the cover letter, or as commentary of the lone patch of a | |
1-patch series, showing the differences between the previous | |
version of the patch series and the series currently being formatted. | |
<code>previous</code> can be a single revision naming the tip of the previous | |
series if it shares a common base with the series being formatted (for | |
example <code>git format-patch --cover-letter --range-diff=feature/v1 -3 | |
feature/v2</code>), or a revision range if the two versions of the series are | |
disjoint (for example <code>git format-patch --cover-letter | |
--range-diff=feature/v1~3..feature/v1 -3 feature/v2</code>). | |
</p> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that diff options passed to the command affect how the primary | |
product of <code>format-patch</code> is generated, and they are not passed to | |
the underlying <code>range-diff</code> machinery used to generate the cover-letter | |
material (this may change in the future).</p></div> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--creation-factor=<percent> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Used with <code>--range-diff</code>, tweak the heuristic which matches up commits | |
between the previous and current series of patches by adjusting the | |
creation/deletion cost fudge factor. See <a href="git-range-diff.html">git-range-diff(1)</a>) | |
for details. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--notes[=<ref>] | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Append the notes (see <a href="git-notes.html">git-notes(1)</a>) for the commit | |
after the three-dash line. | |
</p> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>The expected use case of this is to write supporting explanation for | |
the commit that does not belong to the commit log message proper, | |
and include it with the patch submission. While one can simply write | |
these explanations after <code>format-patch</code> has run but before sending, | |
keeping them as Git notes allows them to be maintained between versions | |
of the patch series (but see the discussion of the <code>notes.rewrite</code> | |
configuration options in <a href="git-notes.html">git-notes(1)</a> to use this workflow).</p></div> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--[no-]signature=<signature> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Add a signature to each message produced. Per RFC 3676 the signature | |
is separated from the body by a line with '-- ' on it. If the | |
signature option is omitted the signature defaults to the Git version | |
number. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--signature-file=<file> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Works just like --signature except the signature is read from a file. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--suffix=.<sfx> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Instead of using <code>.patch</code> as the suffix for generated | |
filenames, use specified suffix. A common alternative is | |
<code>--suffix=.txt</code>. Leaving this empty will remove the <code>.patch</code> | |
suffix. | |
</p> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that the leading character does not have to be a dot; for example, | |
you can use <code>--suffix=-patch</code> to get <code>0001-description-of-my-change-patch</code>.</p></div> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
-q | |
</dt> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--quiet | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Do not print the names of the generated files to standard output. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--no-binary | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Do not output contents of changes in binary files, instead | |
display a notice that those files changed. Patches generated | |
using this option cannot be applied properly, but they are | |
still useful for code review. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--zero-commit | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Output an all-zero hash in each patch’s From header instead | |
of the hash of the commit. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--base=<commit> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Record the base tree information to identify the state the | |
patch series applies to. See the BASE TREE INFORMATION section | |
below for details. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--root | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Treat the revision argument as a <revision range>, even if it | |
is just a single commit (that would normally be treated as a | |
<since>). Note that root commits included in the specified | |
range are always formatted as creation patches, independently | |
of this flag. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--progress | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Show progress reports on stderr as patches are generated. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
</dl></div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<div class="sect1"> | |
<h2 id="_configuration">CONFIGURATION</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can specify extra mail header lines to be added to each message, | |
defaults for the subject prefix and file suffix, number patches when | |
outputting more than one patch, add "To" or "Cc:" headers, configure | |
attachments, and sign off patches with configuration variables.</p></div> | |
<div class="listingblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><code>[format] | |
headers = "Organization: git-foo\n" | |
subjectPrefix = CHANGE | |
suffix = .txt | |
numbered = auto | |
to = <email> | |
cc = <email> | |
attach [ = mime-boundary-string ] | |
signOff = true | |
coverletter = auto</code></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<div class="sect1"> | |
<h2 id="_discussion">DISCUSSION</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>The patch produced by <em>git format-patch</em> is in UNIX mailbox format, | |
with a fixed "magic" time stamp to indicate that the file is output | |
from format-patch rather than a real mailbox, like so:</p></div> | |
<div class="listingblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><code>From 8f72bad1baf19a53459661343e21d6491c3908d3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 | |
From: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> | |
Date: Tue, 13 Jul 2010 11:42:54 -0700 | |
Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?[IA64]=20Put=20ia64=20config=20files=20on=20the=20?= | |
=?UTF-8?q?Uwe=20Kleine-K=C3=B6nig=20diet?= | |
MIME-Version: 1.0 | |
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 | |
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit | |
arch/arm config files were slimmed down using a python script | |
(See commit c2330e286f68f1c408b4aa6515ba49d57f05beae comment) | |
Do the same for ia64 so we can have sleek & trim looking | |
...</code></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Typically it will be placed in a MUA’s drafts folder, edited to add | |
timely commentary that should not go in the changelog after the three | |
dashes, and then sent as a message whose body, in our example, starts | |
with "arch/arm config files were…". On the receiving end, readers | |
can save interesting patches in a UNIX mailbox and apply them with | |
<a href="git-am.html">git-am(1)</a>.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>When a patch is part of an ongoing discussion, the patch generated by | |
<em>git format-patch</em> can be tweaked to take advantage of the <em>git am | |
--scissors</em> feature. After your response to the discussion comes a | |
line that consists solely of "<code>-- >8 --</code>" (scissors and perforation), | |
followed by the patch with unnecessary header fields removed:</p></div> | |
<div class="listingblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><code>... | |
> So we should do such-and-such. | |
Makes sense to me. How about this patch? | |
-- >8 -- | |
Subject: [IA64] Put ia64 config files on the Uwe Kleine-König diet | |
arch/arm config files were slimmed down using a python script | |
...</code></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>When sending a patch this way, most often you are sending your own | |
patch, so in addition to the "<code>From $SHA1 $magic_timestamp</code>" marker you | |
should omit <code>From:</code> and <code>Date:</code> lines from the patch file. The patch | |
title is likely to be different from the subject of the discussion the | |
patch is in response to, so it is likely that you would want to keep | |
the Subject: line, like the example above.</p></div> | |
<div class="sect2"> | |
<h3 id="_checking_for_patch_corruption">Checking for patch corruption</h3> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Many mailers if not set up properly will corrupt whitespace. Here are | |
two common types of corruption:</p></div> | |
<div class="ulist"><ul> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
Empty context lines that do not have <em>any</em> whitespace. | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
Non-empty context lines that have one extra whitespace at the | |
beginning. | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
</ul></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>One way to test if your MUA is set up correctly is:</p></div> | |
<div class="ulist"><ul> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
Send the patch to yourself, exactly the way you would, except | |
with To: and Cc: lines that do not contain the list and | |
maintainer address. | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
Save that patch to a file in UNIX mailbox format. Call it a.patch, | |
say. | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
Apply it: | |
</p> | |
<div class="literalblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><code>$ git fetch <project> master:test-apply | |
$ git checkout test-apply | |
$ git reset --hard | |
$ git am a.patch</code></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
</li> | |
</ul></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>If it does not apply correctly, there can be various reasons.</p></div> | |
<div class="ulist"><ul> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
The patch itself does not apply cleanly. That is <em>bad</em> but | |
does not have much to do with your MUA. You might want to rebase | |
the patch with <a href="git-rebase.html">git-rebase(1)</a> before regenerating it in | |
this case. | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
The MUA corrupted your patch; "am" would complain that | |
the patch does not apply. Look in the .git/rebase-apply/ subdirectory and | |
see what <em>patch</em> file contains and check for the common | |
corruption patterns mentioned above. | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
While at it, check the <em>info</em> and <em>final-commit</em> files as well. | |
If what is in <em>final-commit</em> is not exactly what you would want to | |
see in the commit log message, it is very likely that the | |
receiver would end up hand editing the log message when applying | |
your patch. Things like "Hi, this is my first patch.\n" in the | |
patch e-mail should come after the three-dash line that signals | |
the end of the commit message. | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
</ul></div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<div class="sect1"> | |
<h2 id="_mua_specific_hints">MUA-SPECIFIC HINTS</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Here are some hints on how to successfully submit patches inline using | |
various mailers.</p></div> | |
<div class="sect2"> | |
<h3 id="_gmail">GMail</h3> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>GMail does not have any way to turn off line wrapping in the web | |
interface, so it will mangle any emails that you send. You can however | |
use "git send-email" and send your patches through the GMail SMTP server, or | |
use any IMAP email client to connect to the google IMAP server and forward | |
the emails through that.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>For hints on using <em>git send-email</em> to send your patches through the | |
GMail SMTP server, see the EXAMPLE section of <a href="git-send-email.html">git-send-email(1)</a>.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>For hints on submission using the IMAP interface, see the EXAMPLE | |
section of <a href="git-imap-send.html">git-imap-send(1)</a>.</p></div> | |
</div> | |
<div class="sect2"> | |
<h3 id="_thunderbird">Thunderbird</h3> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>By default, Thunderbird will both wrap emails as well as flag | |
them as being <em>format=flowed</em>, both of which will make the | |
resulting email unusable by Git.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>There are three different approaches: use an add-on to turn off line wraps, | |
configure Thunderbird to not mangle patches, or use | |
an external editor to keep Thunderbird from mangling the patches.</p></div> | |
<div class="sect3"> | |
<h4 id="_approach_1_add_on">Approach #1 (add-on)</h4> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Install the Toggle Word Wrap add-on that is available from | |
<a href="https://addons.mozilla.org/thunderbird/addon/toggle-word-wrap/">https://addons.mozilla.org/thunderbird/addon/toggle-word-wrap/</a> | |
It adds a menu entry "Enable Word Wrap" in the composer’s "Options" menu | |
that you can tick off. Now you can compose the message as you otherwise do | |
(cut + paste, <em>git format-patch</em> | <em>git imap-send</em>, etc), but you have to | |
insert line breaks manually in any text that you type.</p></div> | |
</div> | |
<div class="sect3"> | |
<h4 id="_approach_2_configuration">Approach #2 (configuration)</h4> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Three steps:</p></div> | |
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic"> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
Configure your mail server composition as plain text: | |
Edit…Account Settings…Composition & Addressing, | |
uncheck "Compose Messages in HTML". | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
Configure your general composition window to not wrap. | |
</p> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>In Thunderbird 2: | |
Edit..Preferences..Composition, wrap plain text messages at 0</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>In Thunderbird 3: | |
Edit..Preferences..Advanced..Config Editor. Search for | |
"mail.wrap_long_lines". | |
Toggle it to make sure it is set to <code>false</code>. Also, search for | |
"mailnews.wraplength" and set the value to 0.</p></div> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
Disable the use of format=flowed: | |
Edit..Preferences..Advanced..Config Editor. Search for | |
"mailnews.send_plaintext_flowed". | |
Toggle it to make sure it is set to <code>false</code>. | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
</ol></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>After that is done, you should be able to compose email as you | |
otherwise would (cut + paste, <em>git format-patch</em> | <em>git imap-send</em>, etc), | |
and the patches will not be mangled.</p></div> | |
</div> | |
<div class="sect3"> | |
<h4 id="_approach_3_external_editor">Approach #3 (external editor)</h4> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>The following Thunderbird extensions are needed: | |
AboutConfig from <a href="http://aboutconfig.mozdev.org/">http://aboutconfig.mozdev.org/</a> and | |
External Editor from <a href="http://globs.org/articles.php?lng=en&pg=8">http://globs.org/articles.php?lng=en&pg=8</a></p></div> | |
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic"> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
Prepare the patch as a text file using your method of choice. | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
Before opening a compose window, use Edit→Account Settings to | |
uncheck the "Compose messages in HTML format" setting in the | |
"Composition & Addressing" panel of the account to be used to | |
send the patch. | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
In the main Thunderbird window, <em>before</em> you open the compose | |
window for the patch, use Tools→about:config to set the | |
following to the indicated values: | |
</p> | |
<div class="listingblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><code> mailnews.send_plaintext_flowed => false | |
mailnews.wraplength => 0</code></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
Open a compose window and click the external editor icon. | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
In the external editor window, read in the patch file and exit | |
the editor normally. | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
</ol></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Side note: it may be possible to do step 2 with | |
about:config and the following settings but no one’s tried yet.</p></div> | |
<div class="listingblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><code> mail.html_compose => false | |
mail.identity.default.compose_html => false | |
mail.identity.id?.compose_html => false</code></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>There is a script in contrib/thunderbird-patch-inline which can help | |
you include patches with Thunderbird in an easy way. To use it, do the | |
steps above and then use the script as the external editor.</p></div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<div class="sect2"> | |
<h3 id="_kmail">KMail</h3> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>This should help you to submit patches inline using KMail.</p></div> | |
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic"> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
Prepare the patch as a text file. | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
Click on New Mail. | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
Go under "Options" in the Composer window and be sure that | |
"Word wrap" is not set. | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
Use Message → Insert file… and insert the patch. | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
Back in the compose window: add whatever other text you wish to the | |
message, complete the addressing and subject fields, and press send. | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
</ol></div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<div class="sect1"> | |
<h2 id="_base_tree_information">BASE TREE INFORMATION</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>The base tree information block is used for maintainers or third party | |
testers to know the exact state the patch series applies to. It consists | |
of the <em>base commit</em>, which is a well-known commit that is part of the | |
stable part of the project history everybody else works off of, and zero | |
or more <em>prerequisite patches</em>, which are well-known patches in flight | |
that is not yet part of the <em>base commit</em> that need to be applied on top | |
of <em>base commit</em> in topological order before the patches can be applied.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>base commit</em> is shown as "base-commit: " followed by the 40-hex of | |
the commit object name. A <em>prerequisite patch</em> is shown as | |
"prerequisite-patch-id: " followed by the 40-hex <em>patch id</em>, which can | |
be obtained by passing the patch through the <code>git patch-id --stable</code> | |
command.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Imagine that on top of the public commit P, you applied well-known | |
patches X, Y and Z from somebody else, and then built your three-patch | |
series A, B, C, the history would be like:</p></div> | |
<div class="literalblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><code>---P---X---Y---Z---A---B---C</code></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>With <code>git format-patch --base=P -3 C</code> (or variants thereof, e.g. with | |
<code>--cover-letter</code> or using <code>Z..C</code> instead of <code>-3 C</code> to specify the | |
range), the base tree information block is shown at the end of the | |
first message the command outputs (either the first patch, or the | |
cover letter), like this:</p></div> | |
<div class="listingblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><code>base-commit: P | |
prerequisite-patch-id: X | |
prerequisite-patch-id: Y | |
prerequisite-patch-id: Z</code></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>For non-linear topology, such as</p></div> | |
<div class="literalblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><code>---P---X---A---M---C | |
\ / | |
Y---Z---B</code></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can also use <code>git format-patch --base=P -3 C</code> to generate patches | |
for A, B and C, and the identifiers for P, X, Y, Z are appended at the | |
end of the first message.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>If set <code>--base=auto</code> in cmdline, it will track base commit automatically, | |
the base commit will be the merge base of tip commit of the remote-tracking | |
branch and revision-range specified in cmdline. | |
For a local branch, you need to track a remote branch by <code>git branch | |
--set-upstream-to</code> before using this option.</p></div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<div class="sect1"> | |
<h2 id="_examples">EXAMPLES</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="ulist"><ul> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
Extract commits between revisions R1 and R2, and apply them on top of | |
the current branch using <em>git am</em> to cherry-pick them: | |
</p> | |
<div class="listingblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><code>$ git format-patch -k --stdout R1..R2 | git am -3 -k</code></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
Extract all commits which are in the current branch but not in the | |
origin branch: | |
</p> | |
<div class="listingblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><code>$ git format-patch origin</code></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>For each commit a separate file is created in the current directory.</p></div> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
Extract all commits that lead to <em>origin</em> since the inception of the | |
project: | |
</p> | |
<div class="listingblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><code>$ git format-patch --root origin</code></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
The same as the previous one: | |
</p> | |
<div class="listingblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><code>$ git format-patch -M -B origin</code></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Additionally, it detects and handles renames and complete rewrites | |
intelligently to produce a renaming patch. A renaming patch reduces | |
the amount of text output, and generally makes it easier to review. | |
Note that non-Git "patch" programs won’t understand renaming patches, so | |
use it only when you know the recipient uses Git to apply your patch.</p></div> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
Extract three topmost commits from the current branch and format them | |
as e-mailable patches: | |
</p> | |
<div class="listingblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><code>$ git format-patch -3</code></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
</li> | |
</ul></div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<div class="sect1"> | |
<h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p><a href="git-am.html">git-am(1)</a>, <a href="git-send-email.html">git-send-email(1)</a></p></div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<div class="sect1"> | |
<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> | |
<div id="footer"> | |
<div id="footer-text"> | |
Last updated | |
2019-02-06 08:33:20 JST | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
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