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<body class="manpage">
<div id="header">
<h1>gitformat-signature(5) Manual Page</h1>
<h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<p>gitformat-signature - Git cryptographic signature formats</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="verseblock">
<pre class="content">&lt;[tag|commit] object header(s)&gt;
&lt;over-the-wire protocol&gt;</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Git uses cryptographic signatures in various places, currently objects (tags,
commits, mergetags) and transactions (pushes). In every case, the command which
is about to create an object or transaction determines a payload from that,
calls an external program to obtain a detached signature for the payload
(<code>gpg</code> <code>-bsa</code> in the case of PGP signatures), and embeds the signature into the
object or transaction.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Signatures begin with an "ASCII Armor" header line and end with a tail line,
which differ depending on signature type (as selected by <code>gpg.format</code>, see
<a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). These are, for <code>gpg.format</code> values:</p>
</div>
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>gpg</code> (PGP)</dt>
<dd>
<p><code>-----BEGIN</code> <code>PGP</code> <code>SIGNATURE-----</code> and <code>-----END</code> <code>PGP</code> <code>SIGNATURE-----</code>.
Or, if gpg is told to produce RFC1991 signatures,
<code>-----BEGIN</code> <code>PGP</code> <code>MESSAGE-----</code> and <code>-----END</code> <code>PGP</code> <code>MESSAGE-----</code></p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>ssh</code> (SSH)</dt>
<dd>
<p><code>-----BEGIN</code> <code>SSH</code> <code>SIGNATURE-----</code> and <code>-----END</code> <code>SSH</code> <code>SIGNATURE-----</code></p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>x509</code> (X.509)</dt>
<dd>
<p><code>-----BEGIN</code> <code>SIGNED</code> <code>MESSAGE-----</code> and <code>-----END</code> <code>SIGNED</code> <code>MESSAGE-----</code></p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Signatures sometimes appear as a part of the normal payload
(e.g. a signed tag has the signature block appended after the payload
that the signature applies to), and sometimes appear in the value of
an object header (e.g. a merge commit that merged a signed tag would
have the entire tag contents on its "mergetag" header).  In the case
of the latter, the usual multi-line formatting rule for object
headers applies.  I.e. the second and subsequent lines are prefixed
with a SP to signal that the line is continued from the previous
line.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This is even true for an originally empty line.  In the following
examples, the end of line that ends with a whitespace letter is
highlighted with a <code>$</code> sign; if you are trying to recreate these
example by hand, do not cut and paste them&#8212;&#8203;they are there
primarily to highlight extra whitespace at the end of some lines.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The signed payload and the way the signature is embedded depends
on the type of the object resp. transaction.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_tag_signatures">Tag signatures</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>created by: <code>git</code> <code>tag</code> <code>-s</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>payload: annotated tag object</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>embedding: append the signature to the unsigned tag object</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>example: tag <code>signedtag</code> with subject <code>signed</code> <code>tag</code></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>object 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a
type commit
tag signedtag
tagger C O Mitter &lt;committer@example.com&gt; 1465981006 +0000

signed tag

signed tag message body
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v1

iQEcBAABAgAGBQJXYRhOAAoJEGEJLoW3InGJklkIAIcnhL7RwEb/+QeX9enkXhxn
rxfdqrvWd1K80sl2TOt8Bg/NYwrUBw/RWJ+sg/hhHp4WtvE1HDGHlkEz3y11Lkuh
8tSxS3qKTxXUGozyPGuE90sJfExhZlW4knIQ1wt/yWqM+33E9pN4hzPqLwyrdods
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lZyI6HWixKJkWw8lE9aAOD9TmTW9sFJwcVAzmAuFX2kUreDUKMZduGcoRYGpD7E=
=jpXa
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>verify with: <code>git</code> <code>verify-tag</code> [<code>-v</code>] or <code>git</code> <code>tag</code> <code>-v</code></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>gpg: Signature made Wed Jun 15 10:56:46 2016 CEST using RSA key ID B7227189
gpg: Good signature from "Eris Discordia &lt;discord@example.net&gt;"
gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
gpg:          There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
Primary key fingerprint: D4BE 2231 1AD3 131E 5EDA  29A4 6109 2E85 B722 7189
object 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a
type commit
tag signedtag
tagger C O Mitter &lt;committer@example.com&gt; 1465981006 +0000

signed tag

signed tag message body</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_commit_signatures">Commit signatures</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>created by: <code>git</code> <code>commit</code> <code>-S</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>payload: commit object</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>embedding: header entry <code>gpgsig</code>
(content is preceded by a space)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>example: commit with subject <code>signed</code> <code>commit</code></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>tree eebfed94e75e7760540d1485c740902590a00332
parent 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a
author A U Thor &lt;author@example.com&gt; 1465981137 +0000
committer C O Mitter &lt;committer@example.com&gt; 1465981137 +0000
gpgsig -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
 Version: GnuPG v1
 $
 iQEcBAABAgAGBQJXYRjRAAoJEGEJLoW3InGJ3IwIAIY4SA6GxY3BjL60YyvsJPh/
 HRCJwH+w7wt3Yc/9/bW2F+gF72kdHOOs2jfv+OZhq0q4OAN6fvVSczISY/82LpS7
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 EdTwhcTZlI0x5pvJ3H0+4hA2jtldVtmPM4OTB0cTrEWBad7XV6YgiyuII73Ve3I=
 =jKHM
 -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

signed commit

signed commit message body</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>verify with: <code>git</code> <code>verify-commit</code> [<code>-v</code>] (or <code>git</code> <code>show</code> <code>--show-signature</code>)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>gpg: Signature made Wed Jun 15 10:58:57 2016 CEST using RSA key ID B7227189
gpg: Good signature from "Eris Discordia &lt;discord@example.net&gt;"
gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
gpg:          There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
Primary key fingerprint: D4BE 2231 1AD3 131E 5EDA  29A4 6109 2E85 B722 7189
tree eebfed94e75e7760540d1485c740902590a00332
parent 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a
author A U Thor &lt;author@example.com&gt; 1465981137 +0000
committer C O Mitter &lt;committer@example.com&gt; 1465981137 +0000

signed commit

signed commit message body</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_mergetag_signatures">Mergetag signatures</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>created by: <code>git</code> <code>merge</code> on signed tag</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>payload/embedding: the whole signed tag object is embedded into
the (merge) commit object as header entry <code>mergetag</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>example: merge of the signed tag <code>signedtag</code> as above</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>tree c7b1cff039a93f3600a1d18b82d26688668c7dea
parent c33429be94b5f2d3ee9b0adad223f877f174b05d
parent 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a
author A U Thor &lt;author@example.com&gt; 1465982009 +0000
committer C O Mitter &lt;committer@example.com&gt; 1465982009 +0000
mergetag object 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a
 type commit
 tag signedtag
 tagger C O Mitter &lt;committer@example.com&gt; 1465981006 +0000
 $
 signed tag
 $
 signed tag message body
 -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
 Version: GnuPG v1
 $
 iQEcBAABAgAGBQJXYRhOAAoJEGEJLoW3InGJklkIAIcnhL7RwEb/+QeX9enkXhxn
 rxfdqrvWd1K80sl2TOt8Bg/NYwrUBw/RWJ+sg/hhHp4WtvE1HDGHlkEz3y11Lkuh
 8tSxS3qKTxXUGozyPGuE90sJfExhZlW4knIQ1wt/yWqM+33E9pN4hzPqLwyrdods
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 lZyI6HWixKJkWw8lE9aAOD9TmTW9sFJwcVAzmAuFX2kUreDUKMZduGcoRYGpD7E=
 =jpXa
 -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

Merge tag 'signedtag' into downstream

signed tag

signed tag message body

# gpg: Signature made Wed Jun 15 08:56:46 2016 UTC using RSA key ID B7227189
# gpg: Good signature from "Eris Discordia &lt;discord@example.net&gt;"
# gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
# gpg:          There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
# Primary key fingerprint: D4BE 2231 1AD3 131E 5EDA  29A4 6109 2E85 B722 7189</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>verify with: verification is embedded in merge commit message by default,
alternatively with <code>git</code> <code>show</code> <code>--show-signature</code>:</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>commit 9863f0c76ff78712b6800e199a46aa56afbcbd49
merged tag 'signedtag'
gpg: Signature made Wed Jun 15 10:56:46 2016 CEST using RSA key ID B7227189
gpg: Good signature from "Eris Discordia &lt;discord@example.net&gt;"
gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
gpg:          There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
Primary key fingerprint: D4BE 2231 1AD3 131E 5EDA  29A4 6109 2E85 B722 7189
Merge: c33429b 04b8717
Author: A U Thor &lt;author@example.com&gt;
Date:   Wed Jun 15 09:13:29 2016 +0000

    Merge tag 'signedtag' into downstream

    signed tag

    signed tag message body

    # gpg: Signature made Wed Jun 15 08:56:46 2016 UTC using RSA key ID B7227189
    # gpg: Good signature from "Eris Discordia &lt;discord@example.net&gt;"
    # gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
    # gpg:          There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
    # Primary key fingerprint: D4BE 2231 1AD3 131E 5EDA  29A4 6109 2E85 B722 7189</pre>
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<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
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<p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
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Last updated 2025-06-20 18:10:42 -0700
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