tools/testing/selftests/proc/proc-pid-vm.c - pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/axboe/linux-block - Git at Google

 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2019 Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
  *
  * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
  * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
  * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
  *
  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
  * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
  * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
  * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
  * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
  * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
  * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
  */
 /*
  * Fork and exec tiny 1 page executable which precisely controls its VM.
  * Test /proc/$PID/maps
  * Test /proc/$PID/smaps
  * Test /proc/$PID/smaps_rollup
  * Test /proc/$PID/statm
  *
  * FIXME require CONFIG_TMPFS which can be disabled
  * FIXME test other values from "smaps"
  * FIXME support other archs
  */
 #undef NDEBUG
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <sched.h>
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <sys/mount.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <sys/syscall.h>
 #include <sys/uio.h>
 #include <linux/kdev_t.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <sys/resource.h>

 static inline long sys_execveat(int dirfd, const char *pathname, char **argv, char **envp, int flags)
 {
 	return syscall(SYS_execveat, dirfd, pathname, argv, envp, flags);
 }

 static void make_private_tmp(void)
 {
 	if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS) == -1) {
 		if (errno == ENOSYS || errno == EPERM) {
 			exit(4);
 		}
 		exit(1);
 	}
 	if (mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_PRIVATE|MS_REC, NULL) == -1) {
 		exit(1);
 	}
 	if (mount(NULL, "/tmp", "tmpfs", 0, NULL) == -1) {
 		exit(1);
 	}
 }

 static pid_t pid = -1;
 static void ate(void)
 {
 	if (pid > 0) {
 		kill(pid, SIGTERM);
 	}
 }

 struct elf64_hdr {
 	uint8_t e_ident[16];
 	uint16_t e_type;
 	uint16_t e_machine;
 	uint32_t e_version;
 	uint64_t e_entry;
 	uint64_t e_phoff;
 	uint64_t e_shoff;
 	uint32_t e_flags;
 	uint16_t e_ehsize;
 	uint16_t e_phentsize;
 	uint16_t e_phnum;
 	uint16_t e_shentsize;
 	uint16_t e_shnum;
 	uint16_t e_shstrndx;
 };

 struct elf64_phdr {
 	uint32_t p_type;
 	uint32_t p_flags;
 	uint64_t p_offset;
 	uint64_t p_vaddr;
 	uint64_t p_paddr;
 	uint64_t p_filesz;
 	uint64_t p_memsz;
 	uint64_t p_align;
 };

 #ifdef __x86_64__
 #define PAGE_SIZE 4096
 #define VADDR (1UL << 32)
 #define MAPS_OFFSET 73

 #define syscall	0x0f, 0x05
 #define mov_rdi(x)	\
 	0x48, 0xbf,	\
 	(x)&0xff, ((x)>>8)&0xff, ((x)>>16)&0xff, ((x)>>24)&0xff,	\
 	((x)>>32)&0xff, ((x)>>40)&0xff, ((x)>>48)&0xff, ((x)>>56)&0xff

 #define mov_rsi(x)	\
 	0x48, 0xbe,	\
 	(x)&0xff, ((x)>>8)&0xff, ((x)>>16)&0xff, ((x)>>24)&0xff,	\
 	((x)>>32)&0xff, ((x)>>40)&0xff, ((x)>>48)&0xff, ((x)>>56)&0xff

 #define mov_eax(x)	\
 	0xb8, (x)&0xff, ((x)>>8)&0xff, ((x)>>16)&0xff, ((x)>>24)&0xff

 static const uint8_t payload[] = {
 	/* Casually unmap stack, vDSO and everything else. */
 	/* munmap */
 	mov_rdi(VADDR + 4096),
 	mov_rsi((1ULL << 47) - 4096 - VADDR - 4096),
 	mov_eax(11),
 	syscall,

 	/* Ping parent. */
 	/* write(0, &c, 1); */
 	0x31, 0xff,					/* xor edi, edi */
 	0x48, 0x8d, 0x35, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,	/* lea rsi, [rip] */
 	0xba, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,			/* mov edx, 1 */
 	mov_eax(1),
 	syscall,

 	/* 1: pause(); */
 	mov_eax(34),
 	syscall,

 	0xeb, 0xf7,	/* jmp 1b */
 };

 static int make_exe(const uint8_t *payload, size_t len)
 {
 	struct elf64_hdr h;
 	struct elf64_phdr ph;

 	struct iovec iov[3] = {
 		{&h, sizeof(struct elf64_hdr)},
 		{&ph, sizeof(struct elf64_phdr)},
 		{(void *)payload, len},
 	};
 	int fd, fd1;
 	char buf[64];

 	memset(&h, 0, sizeof(h));
 	h.e_ident[0] = 0x7f;
 	h.e_ident[1] = 'E';
 	h.e_ident[2] = 'L';
 	h.e_ident[3] = 'F';
 	h.e_ident[4] = 2;
 	h.e_ident[5] = 1;
 	h.e_ident[6] = 1;
 	h.e_ident[7] = 0;
 	h.e_type = 2;
 	h.e_machine = 0x3e;
 	h.e_version = 1;
 	h.e_entry = VADDR + sizeof(struct elf64_hdr) + sizeof(struct elf64_phdr);
 	h.e_phoff = sizeof(struct elf64_hdr);
 	h.e_shoff = 0;
 	h.e_flags = 0;
 	h.e_ehsize = sizeof(struct elf64_hdr);
 	h.e_phentsize = sizeof(struct elf64_phdr);
 	h.e_phnum = 1;
 	h.e_shentsize = 0;
 	h.e_shnum = 0;
 	h.e_shstrndx = 0;

 	memset(&ph, 0, sizeof(ph));
 	ph.p_type = 1;
 	ph.p_flags = (1<<2)|1;
 	ph.p_offset = 0;
 	ph.p_vaddr = VADDR;
 	ph.p_paddr = 0;
 	ph.p_filesz = sizeof(struct elf64_hdr) + sizeof(struct elf64_phdr) + len;
 	ph.p_memsz = sizeof(struct elf64_hdr) + sizeof(struct elf64_phdr) + len;
 	ph.p_align = 4096;

 	fd = openat(AT_FDCWD, "/tmp", O_WRONLY|O_EXCL|O_TMPFILE, 0700);
 	if (fd == -1) {
 		exit(1);
 	}

 	if (writev(fd, iov, 3) != sizeof(struct elf64_hdr) + sizeof(struct elf64_phdr) + len) {
 		exit(1);
 	}

 	/* Avoid ETXTBSY on exec. */
 	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/proc/self/fd/%u", fd);
 	fd1 = open(buf, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
 	close(fd);

 	return fd1;
 }
 #endif

 static bool g_vsyscall = false;

 static const char str_vsyscall[] =
 "ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0                  [vsyscall]\n";

 #ifdef __x86_64__
 /*
  * vsyscall page can't be unmapped, probe it with memory load.
  */
 static void vsyscall(void)
 {
 	pid_t pid;
 	int wstatus;

 	pid = fork();
 	if (pid < 0) {
 		fprintf(stderr, "fork, errno %d\n", errno);
 		exit(1);
 	}
 	if (pid == 0) {
 		struct rlimit rlim = {0, 0};
 		(void)setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rlim);
 		*(volatile int *)0xffffffffff600000UL;
 		exit(0);
 	}
 	wait(&wstatus);
 	if (WIFEXITED(wstatus)) {
 		g_vsyscall = true;
 	}
 }

 int main(void)
 {
 	int pipefd[2];
 	int exec_fd;

 	vsyscall();

 	atexit(ate);

 	make_private_tmp();

 	/* Reserve fd 0 for 1-byte pipe ping from child. */
 	close(0);
 	if (open("/", O_RDONLY|O_DIRECTORY|O_PATH) != 0) {
 		return 1;
 	}

 	exec_fd = make_exe(payload, sizeof(payload));

 	if (pipe(pipefd) == -1) {
 		return 1;
 	}
 	if (dup2(pipefd[1], 0) != 0) {
 		return 1;
 	}

 	pid = fork();
 	if (pid == -1) {
 		return 1;
 	}
 	if (pid == 0) {
 		sys_execveat(exec_fd, "", NULL, NULL, AT_EMPTY_PATH);
 		return 1;
 	}

 	char _;
 	if (read(pipefd[0], &_, 1) != 1) {
 		return 1;
 	}

 	struct stat st;
 	if (fstat(exec_fd, &st) == -1) {
 		return 1;
 	}

 	/* Generate "head -n1 /proc/$PID/maps" */
 	char buf0[256];
 	memset(buf0, ' ', sizeof(buf0));
 	int len = snprintf(buf0, sizeof(buf0),
 			"%08lx-%08lx r-xp 00000000 %02lx:%02lx %llu",
 			VADDR, VADDR + PAGE_SIZE,
 			MAJOR(st.st_dev), MINOR(st.st_dev),
 			(unsigned long long)st.st_ino);
 	buf0[len] = ' ';
 	snprintf(buf0 + MAPS_OFFSET, sizeof(buf0) - MAPS_OFFSET,
 		 "/tmp/#%llu (deleted)\n", (unsigned long long)st.st_ino);

 	/* Test /proc/$PID/maps */
 	{
 		const size_t len = strlen(buf0) + (g_vsyscall ? strlen(str_vsyscall) : 0);
 		char buf[256];
 		ssize_t rv;
 		int fd;

 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/proc/%u/maps", pid);
 		fd = open(buf, O_RDONLY);
 		if (fd == -1) {
 			return 1;
 		}
 		rv = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
 		assert(rv == len);
 		assert(memcmp(buf, buf0, strlen(buf0)) == 0);
 		if (g_vsyscall) {
 			assert(memcmp(buf + strlen(buf0), str_vsyscall, strlen(str_vsyscall)) == 0);
 		}
 	}

 	/* Test /proc/$PID/smaps */
 	{
 		char buf[4096];
 		ssize_t rv;
 		int fd;

 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/proc/%u/smaps", pid);
 		fd = open(buf, O_RDONLY);
 		if (fd == -1) {
 			return 1;
 		}
 		rv = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
 		assert(0 <= rv && rv <= sizeof(buf));

 		assert(rv >= strlen(buf0));
 		assert(memcmp(buf, buf0, strlen(buf0)) == 0);

 #define RSS1 "Rss:                   4 kB\n"
 #define RSS2 "Rss:                   0 kB\n"
 #define PSS1 "Pss:                   4 kB\n"
 #define PSS2 "Pss:                   0 kB\n"
 		assert(memmem(buf, rv, RSS1, strlen(RSS1)) ||
 		       memmem(buf, rv, RSS2, strlen(RSS2)));
 		assert(memmem(buf, rv, PSS1, strlen(PSS1)) ||
 		       memmem(buf, rv, PSS2, strlen(PSS2)));

 		static const char *S[] = {
 			"Size:                  4 kB\n",
 			"KernelPageSize:        4 kB\n",
 			"MMUPageSize:           4 kB\n",
 			"Anonymous:             0 kB\n",
 			"AnonHugePages:         0 kB\n",
 			"Shared_Hugetlb:        0 kB\n",
 			"Private_Hugetlb:       0 kB\n",
 			"Locked:                0 kB\n",
 		};
 		int i;

 		for (i = 0; i < sizeof(S)/sizeof(S[0]); i++) {
 			assert(memmem(buf, rv, S[i], strlen(S[i])));
 		}

 		if (g_vsyscall) {
 			assert(memmem(buf, rv, str_vsyscall, strlen(str_vsyscall)));
 		}
 	}

 	/* Test /proc/$PID/smaps_rollup */
 	{
 		char bufr[256];
 		memset(bufr, ' ', sizeof(bufr));
 		len = snprintf(bufr, sizeof(bufr),
 				"%08lx-%08lx ---p 00000000 00:00 0",
 				VADDR, VADDR + PAGE_SIZE);
 		bufr[len] = ' ';
 		snprintf(bufr + MAPS_OFFSET, sizeof(bufr) - MAPS_OFFSET,
 			 "[rollup]\n");

 		char buf[1024];
 		ssize_t rv;
 		int fd;

 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/proc/%u/smaps_rollup", pid);
 		fd = open(buf, O_RDONLY);
 		if (fd == -1) {
 			return 1;
 		}
 		rv = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
 		assert(0 <= rv && rv <= sizeof(buf));

 		assert(rv >= strlen(bufr));
 		assert(memcmp(buf, bufr, strlen(bufr)) == 0);

 		assert(memmem(buf, rv, RSS1, strlen(RSS1)) ||
 		       memmem(buf, rv, RSS2, strlen(RSS2)));
 		assert(memmem(buf, rv, PSS1, strlen(PSS1)) ||
 		       memmem(buf, rv, PSS2, strlen(PSS2)));

 		static const char *S[] = {
 			"Anonymous:             0 kB\n",
 			"AnonHugePages:         0 kB\n",
 			"Shared_Hugetlb:        0 kB\n",
 			"Private_Hugetlb:       0 kB\n",
 			"Locked:                0 kB\n",
 		};
 		int i;

 		for (i = 0; i < sizeof(S)/sizeof(S[0]); i++) {
 			assert(memmem(buf, rv, S[i], strlen(S[i])));
 		}
 	}

 	/* Test /proc/$PID/statm */
 	{
 		char buf[64];
 		ssize_t rv;
 		int fd;

 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/proc/%u/statm", pid);
 		fd = open(buf, O_RDONLY);
 		if (fd == -1) {
 			return 1;
 		}
 		rv = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
 		assert(rv == 7 * 2);

 		assert(buf[0] == '1');	/* ->total_vm */
 		assert(buf[1] == ' ');
 		assert(buf[2] == '0' || buf[2] == '1');	/* rss */
 		assert(buf[3] == ' ');
 		assert(buf[4] == '0' || buf[2] == '1');	/* file rss */
 		assert(buf[5] == ' ');
 		assert(buf[6] == '1');	/* ELF executable segments */
 		assert(buf[7] == ' ');
 		assert(buf[8] == '0');
 		assert(buf[9] == ' ');
 		assert(buf[10] == '0');	/* ->data_vm + ->stack_vm */
 		assert(buf[11] == ' ');
 		assert(buf[12] == '0');
 		assert(buf[13] == '\n');
 	}

 	return 0;
 }
 #else
 int main(void)
 {
 	return 4;
 }
 #endif
	/*
	* Copyright (c) 2019 Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
	*
	* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
	* purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
	* copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
	*
	* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
	* WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
	* MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
	* ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
	* WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
	* ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
	* OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
	*/
	/*
	* Fork and exec tiny 1 page executable which precisely controls its VM.
	* Test /proc/$PID/maps
	* Test /proc/$PID/smaps
	* Test /proc/$PID/smaps_rollup
	* Test /proc/$PID/statm
	*
	* FIXME require CONFIG_TMPFS which can be disabled
	* FIXME test other values from "smaps"
	* FIXME support other archs
	*/
	#undef NDEBUG
	#include <assert.h>
	#include <errno.h>
	#include <sched.h>
	#include <signal.h>
	#include <stdbool.h>
	#include <stdint.h>
	#include <stdio.h>
	#include <string.h>
	#include <stdlib.h>
	#include <sys/mount.h>
	#include <sys/types.h>
	#include <sys/stat.h>
	#include <sys/wait.h>
	#include <fcntl.h>
	#include <unistd.h>
	#include <sys/syscall.h>
	#include <sys/uio.h>
	#include <linux/kdev_t.h>
	#include <sys/time.h>
	#include <sys/resource.h>

	static inline long sys_execveat(int dirfd, const char pathname, char argv, char *envp, int flags)
	{
	return syscall(SYS_execveat, dirfd, pathname, argv, envp, flags);
	}

	static void make_private_tmp(void)
	{
	if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS) == -1) {
	if (errno == ENOSYS \|\| errno == EPERM) {
	exit(4);
	}
	exit(1);
	}
	if (mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_PRIVATE\|MS_REC, NULL) == -1) {
	exit(1);
	}
	if (mount(NULL, "/tmp", "tmpfs", 0, NULL) == -1) {
	exit(1);
	}
	}

	static pid_t pid = -1;
	static void ate(void)
	{
	if (pid > 0) {
	kill(pid, SIGTERM);
	}
	}

	struct elf64_hdr {
	uint8_t e_ident[16];
	uint16_t e_type;
	uint16_t e_machine;
	uint32_t e_version;
	uint64_t e_entry;
	uint64_t e_phoff;
	uint64_t e_shoff;
	uint32_t e_flags;
	uint16_t e_ehsize;
	uint16_t e_phentsize;
	uint16_t e_phnum;
	uint16_t e_shentsize;
	uint16_t e_shnum;
	uint16_t e_shstrndx;
	};

	struct elf64_phdr {
	uint32_t p_type;
	uint32_t p_flags;
	uint64_t p_offset;
	uint64_t p_vaddr;
	uint64_t p_paddr;
	uint64_t p_filesz;
	uint64_t p_memsz;
	uint64_t p_align;
	};

	#ifdef __x86_64__
	#define PAGE_SIZE 4096
	#define VADDR (1UL << 32)
	#define MAPS_OFFSET 73

	#define syscall 0x0f, 0x05
	#define mov_rdi(x) \
	0x48, 0xbf, \
	(x)&0xff, ((x)>>8)&0xff, ((x)>>16)&0xff, ((x)>>24)&0xff, \
	((x)>>32)&0xff, ((x)>>40)&0xff, ((x)>>48)&0xff, ((x)>>56)&0xff

	#define mov_rsi(x) \
	0x48, 0xbe, \
	(x)&0xff, ((x)>>8)&0xff, ((x)>>16)&0xff, ((x)>>24)&0xff, \
	((x)>>32)&0xff, ((x)>>40)&0xff, ((x)>>48)&0xff, ((x)>>56)&0xff

	#define mov_eax(x) \
	0xb8, (x)&0xff, ((x)>>8)&0xff, ((x)>>16)&0xff, ((x)>>24)&0xff

	static const uint8_t payload[] = {
	/* Casually unmap stack, vDSO and everything else. */
	/* munmap */
	mov_rdi(VADDR + 4096),
	mov_rsi((1ULL << 47) - 4096 - VADDR - 4096),
	mov_eax(11),
	syscall,

	/* Ping parent. */
	/* write(0, &c, 1); */
	0x31, 0xff, /* xor edi, edi */
	0x48, 0x8d, 0x35, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* lea rsi, [rip] */
	0xba, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* mov edx, 1 */
	mov_eax(1),
	syscall,

	/* 1: pause(); */
	mov_eax(34),
	syscall,

	0xeb, 0xf7, /* jmp 1b */
	};

	static int make_exe(const uint8_t *payload, size_t len)
	{
	struct elf64_hdr h;
	struct elf64_phdr ph;

	struct iovec iov[3] = {
	{&h, sizeof(struct elf64_hdr)},
	{&ph, sizeof(struct elf64_phdr)},
	{(void *)payload, len},
	};
	int fd, fd1;
	char buf[64];

	memset(&h, 0, sizeof(h));
	h.e_ident[0] = 0x7f;
	h.e_ident[1] = 'E';
	h.e_ident[2] = 'L';
	h.e_ident[3] = 'F';
	h.e_ident[4] = 2;
	h.e_ident[5] = 1;
	h.e_ident[6] = 1;
	h.e_ident[7] = 0;
	h.e_type = 2;
	h.e_machine = 0x3e;
	h.e_version = 1;
	h.e_entry = VADDR + sizeof(struct elf64_hdr) + sizeof(struct elf64_phdr);
	h.e_phoff = sizeof(struct elf64_hdr);
	h.e_shoff = 0;
	h.e_flags = 0;
	h.e_ehsize = sizeof(struct elf64_hdr);
	h.e_phentsize = sizeof(struct elf64_phdr);
	h.e_phnum = 1;
	h.e_shentsize = 0;
	h.e_shnum = 0;
	h.e_shstrndx = 0;

	memset(&ph, 0, sizeof(ph));
	ph.p_type = 1;
	ph.p_flags = (1<<2)\|1;
	ph.p_offset = 0;
	ph.p_vaddr = VADDR;
	ph.p_paddr = 0;
	ph.p_filesz = sizeof(struct elf64_hdr) + sizeof(struct elf64_phdr) + len;
	ph.p_memsz = sizeof(struct elf64_hdr) + sizeof(struct elf64_phdr) + len;
	ph.p_align = 4096;

	fd = openat(AT_FDCWD, "/tmp", O_WRONLY\|O_EXCL\|O_TMPFILE, 0700);
	if (fd == -1) {
	exit(1);
	}

	if (writev(fd, iov, 3) != sizeof(struct elf64_hdr) + sizeof(struct elf64_phdr) + len) {
	exit(1);
	}

	/* Avoid ETXTBSY on exec. */
	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/proc/self/fd/%u", fd);
	fd1 = open(buf, O_RDONLY\|O_CLOEXEC);
	close(fd);

	return fd1;
	}
	#endif

	static bool g_vsyscall = false;

	static const char str_vsyscall[] =
	"ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vsyscall]\n";

	#ifdef __x86_64__
	/*
	* vsyscall page can't be unmapped, probe it with memory load.
	*/
	static void vsyscall(void)
	{
	pid_t pid;
	int wstatus;

	pid = fork();
	if (pid < 0) {
	fprintf(stderr, "fork, errno %d\n", errno);
	exit(1);
	}
	if (pid == 0) {
	struct rlimit rlim = {0, 0};
	(void)setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rlim);
	(volatile int )0xffffffffff600000UL;
	exit(0);
	}
	wait(&wstatus);
	if (WIFEXITED(wstatus)) {
	g_vsyscall = true;
	}
	}

	int main(void)
	{
	int pipefd[2];
	int exec_fd;

	vsyscall();

	atexit(ate);

	make_private_tmp();

	/* Reserve fd 0 for 1-byte pipe ping from child. */
	close(0);
	if (open("/", O_RDONLY\|O_DIRECTORY\|O_PATH) != 0) {
	return 1;
	}

	exec_fd = make_exe(payload, sizeof(payload));

	if (pipe(pipefd) == -1) {
	return 1;
	}
	if (dup2(pipefd[1], 0) != 0) {
	return 1;
	}

	pid = fork();
	if (pid == -1) {
	return 1;
	}
	if (pid == 0) {
	sys_execveat(exec_fd, "", NULL, NULL, AT_EMPTY_PATH);
	return 1;
	}

	char _;
	if (read(pipefd[0], &_, 1) != 1) {
	return 1;
	}

	struct stat st;
	if (fstat(exec_fd, &st) == -1) {
	return 1;
	}

	/* Generate "head -n1 /proc/$PID/maps" */
	char buf0[256];
	memset(buf0, ' ', sizeof(buf0));
	int len = snprintf(buf0, sizeof(buf0),
	"%08lx-%08lx r-xp 00000000 %02lx:%02lx %llu",
	VADDR, VADDR + PAGE_SIZE,
	MAJOR(st.st_dev), MINOR(st.st_dev),
	(unsigned long long)st.st_ino);
	buf0[len] = ' ';
	snprintf(buf0 + MAPS_OFFSET, sizeof(buf0) - MAPS_OFFSET,
	"/tmp/#%llu (deleted)\n", (unsigned long long)st.st_ino);

	/* Test /proc/$PID/maps */
	{
	const size_t len = strlen(buf0) + (g_vsyscall ? strlen(str_vsyscall) : 0);
	char buf[256];
	ssize_t rv;
	int fd;

	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/proc/%u/maps", pid);
	fd = open(buf, O_RDONLY);
	if (fd == -1) {
	return 1;
	}
	rv = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
	assert(rv == len);
	assert(memcmp(buf, buf0, strlen(buf0)) == 0);
	if (g_vsyscall) {
	assert(memcmp(buf + strlen(buf0), str_vsyscall, strlen(str_vsyscall)) == 0);
	}
	}

	/* Test /proc/$PID/smaps */
	{
	char buf[4096];
	ssize_t rv;
	int fd;

	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/proc/%u/smaps", pid);
	fd = open(buf, O_RDONLY);
	if (fd == -1) {
	return 1;
	}
	rv = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
	assert(0 <= rv && rv <= sizeof(buf));

	assert(rv >= strlen(buf0));
	assert(memcmp(buf, buf0, strlen(buf0)) == 0);

	#define RSS1 "Rss: 4 kB\n"
	#define RSS2 "Rss: 0 kB\n"
	#define PSS1 "Pss: 4 kB\n"
	#define PSS2 "Pss: 0 kB\n"
	assert(memmem(buf, rv, RSS1, strlen(RSS1)) \|\|
	memmem(buf, rv, RSS2, strlen(RSS2)));
	assert(memmem(buf, rv, PSS1, strlen(PSS1)) \|\|
	memmem(buf, rv, PSS2, strlen(PSS2)));

	static const char *S[] = {
	"Size: 4 kB\n",
	"KernelPageSize: 4 kB\n",
	"MMUPageSize: 4 kB\n",
	"Anonymous: 0 kB\n",
	"AnonHugePages: 0 kB\n",
	"Shared_Hugetlb: 0 kB\n",
	"Private_Hugetlb: 0 kB\n",
	"Locked: 0 kB\n",
	};
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < sizeof(S)/sizeof(S[0]); i++) {
	assert(memmem(buf, rv, S[i], strlen(S[i])));
	}

	if (g_vsyscall) {
	assert(memmem(buf, rv, str_vsyscall, strlen(str_vsyscall)));
	}
	}

	/* Test /proc/$PID/smaps_rollup */
	{
	char bufr[256];
	memset(bufr, ' ', sizeof(bufr));
	len = snprintf(bufr, sizeof(bufr),
	"%08lx-%08lx ---p 00000000 00:00 0",
	VADDR, VADDR + PAGE_SIZE);
	bufr[len] = ' ';
	snprintf(bufr + MAPS_OFFSET, sizeof(bufr) - MAPS_OFFSET,
	"[rollup]\n");

	char buf[1024];
	ssize_t rv;
	int fd;

	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/proc/%u/smaps_rollup", pid);
	fd = open(buf, O_RDONLY);
	if (fd == -1) {
	return 1;
	}
	rv = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
	assert(0 <= rv && rv <= sizeof(buf));

	assert(rv >= strlen(bufr));
	assert(memcmp(buf, bufr, strlen(bufr)) == 0);

	assert(memmem(buf, rv, RSS1, strlen(RSS1)) \|\|
	memmem(buf, rv, RSS2, strlen(RSS2)));
	assert(memmem(buf, rv, PSS1, strlen(PSS1)) \|\|
	memmem(buf, rv, PSS2, strlen(PSS2)));

	static const char *S[] = {
	"Anonymous: 0 kB\n",
	"AnonHugePages: 0 kB\n",
	"Shared_Hugetlb: 0 kB\n",
	"Private_Hugetlb: 0 kB\n",
	"Locked: 0 kB\n",
	};
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < sizeof(S)/sizeof(S[0]); i++) {
	assert(memmem(buf, rv, S[i], strlen(S[i])));
	}
	}

	/* Test /proc/$PID/statm */
	{
	char buf[64];
	ssize_t rv;
	int fd;

	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/proc/%u/statm", pid);
	fd = open(buf, O_RDONLY);
	if (fd == -1) {
	return 1;
	}
	rv = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
	assert(rv == 7 * 2);

	assert(buf[0] == '1'); /* ->total_vm */
	assert(buf[1] == ' ');
	assert(buf[2] == '0' \|\| buf[2] == '1'); /* rss */
	assert(buf[3] == ' ');
	assert(buf[4] == '0' \|\| buf[2] == '1'); /* file rss */
	assert(buf[5] == ' ');
	assert(buf[6] == '1'); /* ELF executable segments */
	assert(buf[7] == ' ');
	assert(buf[8] == '0');
	assert(buf[9] == ' ');
	assert(buf[10] == '0'); /* ->data_vm + ->stack_vm */
	assert(buf[11] == ' ');
	assert(buf[12] == '0');
	assert(buf[13] == '\n');
	}

	return 0;
	}
	#else
	int main(void)
	{
	return 4;
	}
	#endif