Chinese translated version of Documentation/process/magic-number.rst

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Documentation/process/magic-number.rst的中文翻译

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中文版维护者： 贾威威 Jia Wei Wei <harryxiyou@gmail.com>
中文版翻译者： 贾威威 Jia Wei Wei <harryxiyou@gmail.com>
中文版校译者： 贾威威 Jia Wei Wei <harryxiyou@gmail.com>

以下为正文
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这个文件是有关当前使用的魔术值注册表。当你给一个结构添加了一个魔术值，你也应该把这个魔术值添加到这个文件，因为我们最好把用于各种结构的魔术值统一起来。

使用魔术值来保护内核数据结构是一个非常好的主意。这就允许你在运行期检查(a)一个结构是否已经被攻击，或者(b)你已经给一个例行程序通过了一个错误的结构。后一种情况特别地有用---特别是当你通过一个空指针指向结构体的时候。tty源码，例如，经常通过特定驱动使用这种方法并且反复地排列特定方面的结构。

使用魔术值的方法是在结构的开始处声明的，如下：

struct tty_ldisc {
	int	magic;
	...
};

当你以后给内核添加增强功能的时候，请遵守这条规则！这样就会节省数不清的调试时间，特别是一些古怪的情况，例如，数组超出范围并且重新写了超出部分。遵守这个规则，‪这些情况可以被快速地，安全地避免。

		Theodore Ts'o
		  31 Mar 94

给当前的Linux 2.1.55添加魔术表。

		Michael Chastain
		<mailto:mec@shout.net>
		22 Sep 1997

现在应该最新的Linux 2.1.112.因为在特性冻结期间，不能在2.2.x前改变任何东西。这些条目被数域所排序。

		Krzysztof G.Baranowski
	        <mailto: kgb@knm.org.pl>
		29 Jul 1998

更新魔术表到Linux 2.5.45。刚好越过特性冻结，但是有可能还会有一些新的魔术值在2.6.x之前融入到内核中。

		Petr Baudis
		<pasky@ucw.cz>
		03 Nov 2002

更新魔术表到Linux 2.5.74。

		Fabian Frederick
                <ffrederick@users.sourceforge.net>
		09 Jul 2003

魔术名                 地址         结构               所在文件
===========================================================================
PG_MAGIC              'P'         pg_{read,write}_hdr include/linux/pg.h
CMAGIC                0x0111      user              include/linux/a.out.h
MKISS_DRIVER_MAGIC    0x04bf      mkiss_channel     drivers/net/mkiss.h
HDLC_MAGIC            0x239e      n_hdlc            drivers/char/n_hdlc.c
APM_BIOS_MAGIC        0x4101      apm_user          arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c
CYCLADES_MAGIC        0x4359      cyclades_port     include/linux/cyclades.h
DB_MAGIC              0x4442      fc_info           drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c
DL_MAGIC              0x444d      fc_info           drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c
FASYNC_MAGIC          0x4601      fasync_struct     include/linux/fs.h
FF_MAGIC              0x4646      fc_info           drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c
ISICOM_MAGIC          0x4d54      isi_port          include/linux/isicom.h
PTY_MAGIC             0x5001                        drivers/char/pty.c
PPP_MAGIC             0x5002      ppp               include/linux/if_pppvar.h
SERIAL_MAGIC          0x5301      async_struct      include/linux/serial.h
SSTATE_MAGIC          0x5302      serial_state      include/linux/serial.h
SLIP_MAGIC            0x5302      slip              drivers/net/slip.h
STRIP_MAGIC           0x5303      strip             drivers/net/strip.c
X25_ASY_MAGIC         0x5303      x25_asy           drivers/net/x25_asy.h
SIXPACK_MAGIC         0x5304      sixpack           drivers/net/hamradio/6pack.h
AX25_MAGIC            0x5316      ax_disp           drivers/net/mkiss.h
TTY_MAGIC             0x5401      tty_struct        include/linux/tty.h
MGSL_MAGIC            0x5401      mgsl_info         drivers/char/synclink.c
TTY_DRIVER_MAGIC      0x5402      tty_driver        include/linux/tty_driver.h
MGSLPC_MAGIC          0x5402      mgslpc_info       drivers/char/pcmcia/synclink_cs.c
TTY_LDISC_MAGIC       0x5403      tty_ldisc         include/linux/tty_ldisc.h
USB_SERIAL_MAGIC      0x6702      usb_serial        drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.h
FULL_DUPLEX_MAGIC     0x6969                        drivers/net/ethernet/dec/tulip/de2104x.c
USB_BLUETOOTH_MAGIC   0x6d02      usb_bluetooth     drivers/usb/class/bluetty.c
RFCOMM_TTY_MAGIC      0x6d02                        net/bluetooth/rfcomm/tty.c
USB_SERIAL_PORT_MAGIC 0x7301      usb_serial_port   drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.h
CG_MAGIC              0x00090255  ufs_cylinder_group include/linux/ufs_fs.h
RPORT_MAGIC           0x00525001  r_port            drivers/char/rocket_int.h
LSEMAGIC              0x05091998  lse               drivers/fc4/fc.c
GDTIOCTL_MAGIC        0x06030f07  gdth_iowr_str     drivers/scsi/gdth_ioctl.h
RIEBL_MAGIC           0x09051990                    drivers/net/atarilance.c
NBD_REQUEST_MAGIC     0x12560953  nbd_request       include/linux/nbd.h
RED_MAGIC2            0x170fc2a5  (any)             mm/slab.c
BAYCOM_MAGIC          0x19730510  baycom_state      drivers/net/baycom_epp.c
ISDN_X25IFACE_MAGIC   0x1e75a2b9  isdn_x25iface_proto_data
                                                    drivers/isdn/isdn_x25iface.h
ECP_MAGIC             0x21504345  cdkecpsig         include/linux/cdk.h
LSOMAGIC              0x27091997  lso               drivers/fc4/fc.c
LSMAGIC               0x2a3b4d2a  ls                drivers/fc4/fc.c
WANPIPE_MAGIC         0x414C4453  sdla_{dump,exec}  include/linux/wanpipe.h
CS_CARD_MAGIC         0x43525553  cs_card           sound/oss/cs46xx.c
LABELCL_MAGIC         0x4857434c  labelcl_info_s    include/asm/ia64/sn/labelcl.h
ISDN_ASYNC_MAGIC      0x49344C01  modem_info        include/linux/isdn.h
CTC_ASYNC_MAGIC       0x49344C01  ctc_tty_info      drivers/s390/net/ctctty.c
ISDN_NET_MAGIC        0x49344C02  isdn_net_local_s  drivers/isdn/i4l/isdn_net_lib.h
SAVEKMSG_MAGIC2       0x4B4D5347  savekmsg          arch/*/amiga/config.c
CS_STATE_MAGIC        0x4c4f4749  cs_state          sound/oss/cs46xx.c
SLAB_C_MAGIC          0x4f17a36d  kmem_cache        mm/slab.c
COW_MAGIC             0x4f4f4f4d  cow_header_v1     arch/um/drivers/ubd_user.c
I810_CARD_MAGIC       0x5072696E  i810_card         sound/oss/i810_audio.c
TRIDENT_CARD_MAGIC    0x5072696E  trident_card      sound/oss/trident.c
ROUTER_MAGIC          0x524d4157  wan_device        [in wanrouter.h pre 3.9]
SAVEKMSG_MAGIC1       0x53415645  savekmsg          arch/*/amiga/config.c
GDA_MAGIC             0x58464552  gda               arch/mips/include/asm/sn/gda.h
RED_MAGIC1            0x5a2cf071  (any)             mm/slab.c
EEPROM_MAGIC_VALUE    0x5ab478d2  lanai_dev         drivers/atm/lanai.c
HDLCDRV_MAGIC         0x5ac6e778  hdlcdrv_state     include/linux/hdlcdrv.h
PCXX_MAGIC            0x5c6df104  channel           drivers/char/pcxx.h
KV_MAGIC              0x5f4b565f  kernel_vars_s     arch/mips/include/asm/sn/klkernvars.h
I810_STATE_MAGIC      0x63657373  i810_state        sound/oss/i810_audio.c
TRIDENT_STATE_MAGIC   0x63657373  trient_state      sound/oss/trident.c
M3_CARD_MAGIC         0x646e6f50  m3_card           sound/oss/maestro3.c
FW_HEADER_MAGIC       0x65726F66  fw_header         drivers/atm/fore200e.h
SLOT_MAGIC            0x67267321  slot              drivers/hotplug/cpqphp.h
SLOT_MAGIC            0x67267322  slot              drivers/hotplug/acpiphp.h
LO_MAGIC              0x68797548  nbd_device        include/linux/nbd.h
OPROFILE_MAGIC        0x6f70726f  super_block       drivers/oprofile/oprofilefs.h
M3_STATE_MAGIC        0x734d724d  m3_state          sound/oss/maestro3.c
VMALLOC_MAGIC         0x87654320  snd_alloc_track   sound/core/memory.c
KMALLOC_MAGIC         0x87654321  snd_alloc_track   sound/core/memory.c
PWC_MAGIC             0x89DC10AB  pwc_device        drivers/usb/media/pwc.h
NBD_REPLY_MAGIC       0x96744668  nbd_reply         include/linux/nbd.h
ENI155_MAGIC          0xa54b872d  midway_eprom	    drivers/atm/eni.h
CODA_MAGIC            0xC0DAC0DA  coda_file_info    include/linux/coda_fs_i.h
DPMEM_MAGIC           0xc0ffee11  gdt_pci_sram      drivers/scsi/gdth.h
YAM_MAGIC             0xF10A7654  yam_port          drivers/net/hamradio/yam.c
CCB_MAGIC             0xf2691ad2  ccb               drivers/scsi/ncr53c8xx.c
QUEUE_MAGIC_FREE      0xf7e1c9a3  queue_entry       drivers/scsi/arm/queue.c
QUEUE_MAGIC_USED      0xf7e1cc33  queue_entry       drivers/scsi/arm/queue.c
HTB_CMAGIC            0xFEFAFEF1  htb_class         net/sched/sch_htb.c
NMI_MAGIC             0x48414d4d455201 nmi_s        arch/mips/include/asm/sn/nmi.h

请注意，在声音记忆管理中仍然有一些特殊的为每个驱动定义的魔术值。查看include/sound/sndmagic.h来获取他们完整的列表信息。很多OSS声音驱动拥有自己从声卡PCI ID构建的魔术值-他们也没有被列在这里。

IrDA子系统也使用了大量的自己的魔术值，查看include/net/irda/irda.h来获取他们完整的信息。

HFS是另外一个比较大的使用魔术值的文件系统-你可以在fs/hfs/hfs.h中找到他们。