kernel/sched.c

/*
 *  linux/kernel/sched.c
 *
 *  Kernel scheduler and related syscalls
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
 *
 *  1996-12-23  Modified by Dave Grothe to fix bugs in semaphores and
 *              make semaphores SMP safe
 *  1998-11-19	Implemented schedule_timeout() and related stuff
 *		by Andrea Arcangeli
 *  1998-12-28  Implemented better SMP scheduling by Ingo Molnar
 */

/*
 * 'sched.c' is the main kernel file. It contains scheduling primitives
 * (sleep_on, wakeup, schedule etc) as well as a number of simple system
 * call functions (type getpid()), which just extract a field from
 * current-task
 */

#include <linux/config.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/smp_lock.h>
#include <linux/nmi.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
#include <linux/completion.h>
#include <linux/prefetch.h>
#include <linux/compiler.h>

#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/mmu_context.h>

extern void timer_bh(void);
extern void tqueue_bh(void);
extern void immediate_bh(void);

/*
 * scheduler variables
 */

unsigned securebits = SECUREBITS_DEFAULT; /* systemwide security settings */

extern void mem_use(void);

/*
 * Scheduling quanta.
 *
 * NOTE! The unix "nice" value influences how long a process
 * gets. The nice value ranges from -20 to +19, where a -20
 * is a "high-priority" task, and a "+10" is a low-priority
 * task.
 *
 * We want the time-slice to be around 50ms or so, so this
 * calculation depends on the value of HZ.
 */
#if HZ < 200
#define TICK_SCALE(x)	((x) >> 2)
#elif HZ < 400
#define TICK_SCALE(x)	((x) >> 1)
#elif HZ < 800
#define TICK_SCALE(x)	(x)
#elif HZ < 1600
#define TICK_SCALE(x)	((x) << 1)
#else
#define TICK_SCALE(x)	((x) << 2)
#endif

#define NICE_TO_TICKS(nice)	(TICK_SCALE(20-(nice))+1)


/*
 *	Init task must be ok at boot for the ix86 as we will check its signals
 *	via the SMP irq return path.
 */
 
struct task_struct * init_tasks[NR_CPUS] = {&init_task, };

/*
 * The tasklist_lock protects the linked list of processes.
 *
 * The runqueue_lock locks the parts that actually access
 * and change the run-queues, and have to be interrupt-safe.
 *
 * If both locks are to be concurrently held, the runqueue_lock
 * nests inside the tasklist_lock.
 *
 * task->alloc_lock nests inside tasklist_lock.
 */
spinlock_t runqueue_lock __cacheline_aligned = SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED;  /* inner */
rwlock_t tasklist_lock __cacheline_aligned = RW_LOCK_UNLOCKED;	/* outer */

static LIST_HEAD(runqueue_head);

/*
 * We align per-CPU scheduling data on cacheline boundaries,
 * to prevent cacheline ping-pong.
 */
static union {
	struct schedule_data {
		struct task_struct * curr;
		cycles_t last_schedule;
	} schedule_data;
	char __pad [SMP_CACHE_BYTES];
} aligned_data [NR_CPUS] __cacheline_aligned = { {{&init_task,0}}};

#define cpu_curr(cpu) aligned_data[(cpu)].schedule_data.curr
#define last_schedule(cpu) aligned_data[(cpu)].schedule_data.last_schedule

struct kernel_stat kstat;
extern struct task_struct *child_reaper;

#ifdef CONFIG_SMP

#define idle_task(cpu) (init_tasks[cpu_number_map(cpu)])
#define can_schedule(p,cpu) \
	((p)->cpus_runnable & (p)->cpus_allowed & (1UL << cpu))

#else

#define idle_task(cpu) (&init_task)
#define can_schedule(p,cpu) (1)

#endif

void scheduling_functions_start_here(void) { }

/*
 * This is the function that decides how desirable a process is..
 * You can weigh different processes against each other depending
 * on what CPU they've run on lately etc to try to handle cache
 * and TLB miss penalties.
 *
 * Return values:
 *	 -1000: never select this
 *	     0: out of time, recalculate counters (but it might still be
 *		selected)
 *	   +ve: "goodness" value (the larger, the better)
 *	 +1000: realtime process, select this.
 */

static inline int goodness(struct task_struct * p, int this_cpu, struct mm_struct *this_mm)
{
	int weight;

	/*
	 * select the current process after every other
	 * runnable process, but before the idle thread.
	 * Also, dont trigger a counter recalculation.
	 */
	weight = -1;
	if (p->policy & SCHED_YIELD)
		goto out;

	/*
	 * Non-RT process - normal case first.
	 */
	if (p->policy == SCHED_OTHER) {
		/*
		 * Give the process a first-approximation goodness value
		 * according to the number of clock-ticks it has left.
		 *
		 * Don't do any other calculations if the time slice is
		 * over..
		 */
		weight = p->counter;
		if (!weight)
			goto out;
			
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
		/* Give a largish advantage to the same processor...   */
		/* (this is equivalent to penalizing other processors) */
		if (p->processor == this_cpu)
			weight += PROC_CHANGE_PENALTY;
#endif

		/* .. and a slight advantage to the current MM */
		if (p->mm == this_mm || !p->mm)
			weight += 1;
		weight += 20 - p->nice;
		goto out;
	}

	/*
	 * Realtime process, select the first one on the
	 * runqueue (taking priorities within processes
	 * into account).
	 */
	weight = 1000 + p->rt_priority;
out:
	return weight;
}

/*
 * the 'goodness value' of replacing a process on a given CPU.
 * positive value means 'replace', zero or negative means 'dont'.
 */
static inline int preemption_goodness(struct task_struct * prev, struct task_struct * p, int cpu)
{
	return goodness(p, cpu, prev->active_mm) - goodness(prev, cpu, prev->active_mm);
}

/*
 * This is ugly, but reschedule_idle() is very timing-critical.
 * We are called with the runqueue spinlock held and we must
 * not claim the tasklist_lock.
 */
static FASTCALL(void reschedule_idle(struct task_struct * p));

static void fastcall reschedule_idle(struct task_struct * p)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
	int this_cpu = smp_processor_id();
	struct task_struct *tsk, *target_tsk;
	int cpu, best_cpu, i, max_prio;
	cycles_t oldest_idle;

	/*
	 * shortcut if the woken up task's last CPU is
	 * idle now.
	 */
	best_cpu = p->processor;
	if (can_schedule(p, best_cpu)) {
		tsk = idle_task(best_cpu);
		if (cpu_curr(best_cpu) == tsk) {
			int need_resched;
send_now_idle:
			/*
			 * If need_resched == -1 then we can skip sending
			 * the IPI altogether, tsk->need_resched is
			 * actively watched by the idle thread.
			 */
			need_resched = tsk->need_resched;
			tsk->need_resched = 1;
			if ((best_cpu != this_cpu) && !need_resched)
				smp_send_reschedule(best_cpu);
			return;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * We know that the preferred CPU has a cache-affine current
	 * process, lets try to find a new idle CPU for the woken-up
	 * process. Select the least recently active idle CPU. (that
	 * one will have the least active cache context.) Also find
	 * the executing process which has the least priority.
	 */
	oldest_idle = (cycles_t) -1;
	target_tsk = NULL;
	max_prio = 0;

	for (i = 0; i < smp_num_cpus; i++) {
		cpu = cpu_logical_map(i);
		if (!can_schedule(p, cpu))
			continue;
		tsk = cpu_curr(cpu);
		/*
		 * We use the first available idle CPU. This creates
		 * a priority list between idle CPUs, but this is not
		 * a problem.
		 */
		if (tsk == idle_task(cpu)) {
#if defined(__i386__) && defined(CONFIG_SMP)
                        /*
			 * Check if two siblings are idle in the same
			 * physical package. Use them if found.
			 */
			if (smp_num_siblings == 2) {
				if (cpu_curr(cpu_sibling_map[cpu]) == 
			            idle_task(cpu_sibling_map[cpu])) {
					oldest_idle = last_schedule(cpu);
					target_tsk = tsk;
					break;
				}
				
                        }
#endif		
			if (last_schedule(cpu) < oldest_idle) {
				oldest_idle = last_schedule(cpu);
				target_tsk = tsk;
			}
		} else {
			if (oldest_idle == (cycles_t)-1) {
				int prio = preemption_goodness(tsk, p, cpu);

				if (prio > max_prio) {
					max_prio = prio;
					target_tsk = tsk;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	tsk = target_tsk;
	if (tsk) {
		if (oldest_idle != (cycles_t)-1) {
			best_cpu = tsk->processor;
			goto send_now_idle;
		}
		tsk->need_resched = 1;
		if (tsk->processor != this_cpu)
			smp_send_reschedule(tsk->processor);
	}
	return;
		

#else /* UP */
	int this_cpu = smp_processor_id();
	struct task_struct *tsk;

	tsk = cpu_curr(this_cpu);
	if (preemption_goodness(tsk, p, this_cpu) > 0)
		tsk->need_resched = 1;
#endif
}

/*
 * Careful!
 *
 * This has to add the process to the _end_ of the 
 * run-queue, not the beginning. The goodness value will
 * determine whether this process will run next. This is
 * important to get SCHED_FIFO and SCHED_RR right, where
 * a process that is either pre-empted or its time slice
 * has expired, should be moved to the tail of the run 
 * queue for its priority - Bhavesh Davda
 */
static inline void add_to_runqueue(struct task_struct * p)
{
	list_add_tail(&p->run_list, &runqueue_head);
	nr_running++;
}

static inline void move_last_runqueue(struct task_struct * p)
{
	list_del(&p->run_list);
	list_add_tail(&p->run_list, &runqueue_head);
}

/*
 * Wake up a process. Put it on the run-queue if it's not
 * already there.  The "current" process is always on the
 * run-queue (except when the actual re-schedule is in
 * progress), and as such you're allowed to do the simpler
 * "current->state = TASK_RUNNING" to mark yourself runnable
 * without the overhead of this.
 */
static inline int try_to_wake_up(struct task_struct * p, int synchronous)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	int success = 0;

	/*
	 * We want the common case fall through straight, thus the goto.
	 */
	spin_lock_irqsave(&runqueue_lock, flags);
	p->state = TASK_RUNNING;
	if (task_on_runqueue(p))
		goto out;
	add_to_runqueue(p);
	if (!synchronous || !(p->cpus_allowed & (1UL << smp_processor_id())))
		reschedule_idle(p);
	success = 1;
out:
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&runqueue_lock, flags);
	return success;
}

inline int fastcall wake_up_process(struct task_struct * p)
{
	return try_to_wake_up(p, 0);
}

static void process_timeout(unsigned long __data)
{
	struct task_struct * p = (struct task_struct *) __data;

	wake_up_process(p);
}

/**
 * schedule_timeout - sleep until timeout
 * @timeout: timeout value in jiffies
 *
 * Make the current task sleep until @timeout jiffies have
 * elapsed. The routine will return immediately unless
 * the current task state has been set (see set_current_state()).
 *
 * You can set the task state as follows -
 *
 * %TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE - at least @timeout jiffies are guaranteed to
 * pass before the routine returns. The routine will return 0
 *
 * %TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE - the routine may return early if a signal is
 * delivered to the current task. In this case the remaining time
 * in jiffies will be returned, or 0 if the timer expired in time
 *
 * The current task state is guaranteed to be TASK_RUNNING when this 
 * routine returns.
 *
 * Specifying a @timeout value of %MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT will schedule
 * the CPU away without a bound on the timeout. In this case the return
 * value will be %MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT.
 *
 * In all cases the return value is guaranteed to be non-negative.
 */
signed long fastcall schedule_timeout(signed long timeout)
{
	struct timer_list timer;
	unsigned long expire;

	switch (timeout)
	{
	case MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT:
		/*
		 * These two special cases are useful to be comfortable
		 * in the caller. Nothing more. We could take
		 * MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT from one of the negative value
		 * but I' d like to return a valid offset (>=0) to allow
		 * the caller to do everything it want with the retval.
		 */
		schedule();
		goto out;
	default:
		/*
		 * Another bit of PARANOID. Note that the retval will be
		 * 0 since no piece of kernel is supposed to do a check
		 * for a negative retval of schedule_timeout() (since it
		 * should never happens anyway). You just have the printk()
		 * that will tell you if something is gone wrong and where.
		 */
		if (timeout < 0)
		{
			printk(KERN_ERR "schedule_timeout: wrong timeout "
			       "value %lx from %p\n", timeout,
			       __builtin_return_address(0));
			current->state = TASK_RUNNING;
			goto out;
		}
	}

	expire = timeout + jiffies;

	init_timer(&timer);
	timer.expires = expire;
	timer.data = (unsigned long) current;
	timer.function = process_timeout;

	add_timer(&timer);
	schedule();
	del_timer_sync(&timer);

	timeout = expire - jiffies;

 out:
	return timeout < 0 ? 0 : timeout;
}

/*
 * schedule_tail() is getting called from the fork return path. This
 * cleans up all remaining scheduler things, without impacting the
 * common case.
 */
static inline void __schedule_tail(struct task_struct *prev)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
	int policy;

	/*
	 * prev->policy can be written from here only before `prev'
	 * can be scheduled (before setting prev->cpus_runnable to ~0UL).
	 * Of course it must also be read before allowing prev
	 * to be rescheduled, but since the write depends on the read
	 * to complete, wmb() is enough. (the spin_lock() acquired
	 * before setting cpus_runnable is not enough because the spin_lock()
	 * common code semantics allows code outside the critical section
	 * to enter inside the critical section)
	 */
	policy = prev->policy;
	prev->policy = policy & ~SCHED_YIELD;
	wmb();

	/*
	 * fast path falls through. We have to clear cpus_runnable before
	 * checking prev->state to avoid a wakeup race. Protect against
	 * the task exiting early.
	 */
	task_lock(prev);
	task_release_cpu(prev);
	mb();
	if (prev->state == TASK_RUNNING)
		goto needs_resched;

out_unlock:
	task_unlock(prev);	/* Synchronise here with release_task() if prev is TASK_ZOMBIE */
	return;

	/*
	 * Slow path - we 'push' the previous process and
	 * reschedule_idle() will attempt to find a new
	 * processor for it. (but it might preempt the
	 * current process as well.) We must take the runqueue
	 * lock and re-check prev->state to be correct. It might
	 * still happen that this process has a preemption
	 * 'in progress' already - but this is not a problem and
	 * might happen in other circumstances as well.
	 */
needs_resched:
	{
		unsigned long flags;

		/*
		 * Avoid taking the runqueue lock in cases where
		 * no preemption-check is necessery:
		 */
		if ((prev == idle_task(smp_processor_id())) ||
						(policy & SCHED_YIELD))
			goto out_unlock;

		spin_lock_irqsave(&runqueue_lock, flags);
		if ((prev->state == TASK_RUNNING) && !task_has_cpu(prev))
			reschedule_idle(prev);
		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&runqueue_lock, flags);
		goto out_unlock;
	}
#else
	prev->policy &= ~SCHED_YIELD;
#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
}

asmlinkage void schedule_tail(struct task_struct *prev)
{
	__schedule_tail(prev);
}

/*
 *  'schedule()' is the scheduler function. It's a very simple and nice
 * scheduler: it's not perfect, but certainly works for most things.
 *
 * The goto is "interesting".
 *
 *   NOTE!!  Task 0 is the 'idle' task, which gets called when no other
 * tasks can run. It can not be killed, and it cannot sleep. The 'state'
 * information in task[0] is never used.
 */
asmlinkage void schedule(void)
{
	struct schedule_data * sched_data;
	struct task_struct *prev, *next, *p;
	struct list_head *tmp;
	int this_cpu, c;


	spin_lock_prefetch(&runqueue_lock);

	BUG_ON(!current->active_mm);
need_resched_back:
	prev = current;
	this_cpu = prev->processor;

	if (unlikely(in_interrupt())) {
		printk("Scheduling in interrupt\n");
		BUG();
	}

	release_kernel_lock(prev, this_cpu);

	/*
	 * 'sched_data' is protected by the fact that we can run
	 * only one process per CPU.
	 */
	sched_data = & aligned_data[this_cpu].schedule_data;

	spin_lock_irq(&runqueue_lock);

	/* move an exhausted RR process to be last.. */
	if (unlikely(prev->policy == SCHED_RR))
		if (!prev->counter) {
			prev->counter = NICE_TO_TICKS(prev->nice);
			move_last_runqueue(prev);
		}

	switch (prev->state) {
		case TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE:
			if (signal_pending(prev)) {
				prev->state = TASK_RUNNING;
				break;
			}
		default:
			del_from_runqueue(prev);
		case TASK_RUNNING:;
	}
	prev->need_resched = 0;

	/*
	 * this is the scheduler proper:
	 */

repeat_schedule:
	/*
	 * Default process to select..
	 */
	next = idle_task(this_cpu);
	c = -1000;
	list_for_each(tmp, &runqueue_head) {
		p = list_entry(tmp, struct task_struct, run_list);
		if (can_schedule(p, this_cpu)) {
			int weight = goodness(p, this_cpu, prev->active_mm);
			if (weight > c)
				c = weight, next = p;
		}
	}

	/* Do we need to re-calculate counters? */
	if (unlikely(!c)) {
		struct task_struct *p;

		spin_unlock_irq(&runqueue_lock);
		read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
		for_each_task(p)
			p->counter = (p->counter >> 1) + NICE_TO_TICKS(p->nice);
		read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
		spin_lock_irq(&runqueue_lock);
		goto repeat_schedule;
	}

	/*
	 * from this point on nothing can prevent us from
	 * switching to the next task, save this fact in
	 * sched_data.
	 */
	sched_data->curr = next;
	task_set_cpu(next, this_cpu);
	spin_unlock_irq(&runqueue_lock);

	if (unlikely(prev == next)) {
		/* We won't go through the normal tail, so do this by hand */
		prev->policy &= ~SCHED_YIELD;
		goto same_process;
	}

#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
 	/*
 	 * maintain the per-process 'last schedule' value.
 	 * (this has to be recalculated even if we reschedule to
 	 * the same process) Currently this is only used on SMP,
	 * and it's approximate, so we do not have to maintain
	 * it while holding the runqueue spinlock.
 	 */
 	sched_data->last_schedule = get_cycles();

	/*
	 * We drop the scheduler lock early (it's a global spinlock),
	 * thus we have to lock the previous process from getting
	 * rescheduled during switch_to().
	 */

#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */

	kstat.context_swtch++;
	/*
	 * there are 3 processes which are affected by a context switch:
	 *
	 * prev == .... ==> (last => next)
	 *
	 * It's the 'much more previous' 'prev' that is on next's stack,
	 * but prev is set to (the just run) 'last' process by switch_to().
	 * This might sound slightly confusing but makes tons of sense.
	 */
	prepare_to_switch();
	{
		struct mm_struct *mm = next->mm;
		struct mm_struct *oldmm = prev->active_mm;
		if (!mm) {
			BUG_ON(next->active_mm);
			next->active_mm = oldmm;
			atomic_inc(&oldmm->mm_count);
			enter_lazy_tlb(oldmm, next, this_cpu);
		} else {
			BUG_ON(next->active_mm != mm);
			switch_mm(oldmm, mm, next, this_cpu);
		}

		if (!prev->mm) {
			prev->active_mm = NULL;
			mmdrop(oldmm);
		}
	}

	/*
	 * This just switches the register state and the
	 * stack.
	 */
	switch_to(prev, next, prev);
	__schedule_tail(prev);

same_process:
	reacquire_kernel_lock(current);
	if (current->need_resched)
		goto need_resched_back;
	return;
}

/*
 * The core wakeup function.  Non-exclusive wakeups (nr_exclusive == 0) just wake everything
 * up.  If it's an exclusive wakeup (nr_exclusive == small +ve number) then we wake all the
 * non-exclusive tasks and one exclusive task.
 *
 * There are circumstances in which we can try to wake a task which has already
 * started to run but is not in state TASK_RUNNING.  try_to_wake_up() returns zero
 * in this (rare) case, and we handle it by contonuing to scan the queue.
 */
static inline void __wake_up_common (wait_queue_head_t *q, unsigned int mode,
			 	     int nr_exclusive, const int sync)
{
	struct list_head *tmp;
	struct task_struct *p;

	CHECK_MAGIC_WQHEAD(q);
	WQ_CHECK_LIST_HEAD(&q->task_list);
	
	list_for_each(tmp,&q->task_list) {
		unsigned int state;
                wait_queue_t *curr = list_entry(tmp, wait_queue_t, task_list);

		CHECK_MAGIC(curr->__magic);
		p = curr->task;
		state = p->state;
		if (state & mode) {
			WQ_NOTE_WAKER(curr);
			if (try_to_wake_up(p, sync) && (curr->flags&WQ_FLAG_EXCLUSIVE) && !--nr_exclusive)
				break;
		}
	}
}

void fastcall __wake_up(wait_queue_head_t *q, unsigned int mode, int nr)
{
	if (q) {
		unsigned long flags;
		wq_read_lock_irqsave(&q->lock, flags);
		__wake_up_common(q, mode, nr, 0);
		wq_read_unlock_irqrestore(&q->lock, flags);
	}
}

void fastcall __wake_up_sync(wait_queue_head_t *q, unsigned int mode, int nr)
{
	if (q) {
		unsigned long flags;
		wq_read_lock_irqsave(&q->lock, flags);
		__wake_up_common(q, mode, nr, 1);
		wq_read_unlock_irqrestore(&q->lock, flags);
	}
}

void fastcall complete(struct completion *x)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&x->wait.lock, flags);
	x->done++;
	__wake_up_common(&x->wait, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE | TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE, 1, 0);
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&x->wait.lock, flags);
}

void fastcall wait_for_completion(struct completion *x)
{
	spin_lock_irq(&x->wait.lock);
	if (!x->done) {
		DECLARE_WAITQUEUE(wait, current);

		wait.flags |= WQ_FLAG_EXCLUSIVE;
		__add_wait_queue_tail(&x->wait, &wait);
		do {
			__set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
			spin_unlock_irq(&x->wait.lock);
			schedule();
			spin_lock_irq(&x->wait.lock);
		} while (!x->done);
		__remove_wait_queue(&x->wait, &wait);
	}
	x->done--;
	spin_unlock_irq(&x->wait.lock);
}

#define	SLEEP_ON_VAR				\
	unsigned long flags;			\
	wait_queue_t wait;			\
	init_waitqueue_entry(&wait, current);

#define	SLEEP_ON_HEAD					\
	wq_write_lock_irqsave(&q->lock,flags);		\
	__add_wait_queue(q, &wait);			\
	wq_write_unlock(&q->lock);

#define	SLEEP_ON_TAIL						\
	wq_write_lock_irq(&q->lock);				\
	__remove_wait_queue(q, &wait);				\
	wq_write_unlock_irqrestore(&q->lock,flags);

void fastcall interruptible_sleep_on(wait_queue_head_t *q)
{
	SLEEP_ON_VAR

	current->state = TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE;

	SLEEP_ON_HEAD
	schedule();
	SLEEP_ON_TAIL
}

long fastcall interruptible_sleep_on_timeout(wait_queue_head_t *q, long timeout)
{
	SLEEP_ON_VAR

	current->state = TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE;

	SLEEP_ON_HEAD
	timeout = schedule_timeout(timeout);
	SLEEP_ON_TAIL

	return timeout;
}

void fastcall sleep_on(wait_queue_head_t *q)
{
	SLEEP_ON_VAR
	
	current->state = TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE;

	SLEEP_ON_HEAD
	schedule();
	SLEEP_ON_TAIL
}

long fastcall sleep_on_timeout(wait_queue_head_t *q, long timeout)
{
	SLEEP_ON_VAR
	
	current->state = TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE;

	SLEEP_ON_HEAD
	timeout = schedule_timeout(timeout);
	SLEEP_ON_TAIL

	return timeout;
}

void scheduling_functions_end_here(void) { }

#if CONFIG_SMP
/**
 * set_cpus_allowed() - change a given task's processor affinity
 * @p: task to bind
 * @new_mask: bitmask of allowed processors
 *
 * Upon return, the task is running on a legal processor.  Note the caller
 * must have a valid reference to the task: it must not exit() prematurely.
 * This call can sleep; do not hold locks on call.
 */
void set_cpus_allowed(struct task_struct *p, unsigned long new_mask)
{
	new_mask &= cpu_online_map;
	BUG_ON(!new_mask);

	p->cpus_allowed = new_mask;

	/*
	 * If the task is on a no-longer-allowed processor, we need to move
	 * it.  If the task is not current, then set need_resched and send
	 * its processor an IPI to reschedule.
	 */
	if (!(p->cpus_runnable & p->cpus_allowed)) {
		if (p != current) {
			p->need_resched = 1;
			smp_send_reschedule(p->processor);
		}
		/*
		 * Wait until we are on a legal processor.  If the task is
		 * current, then we should be on a legal processor the next
		 * time we reschedule.  Otherwise, we need to wait for the IPI.
		 */
		while (!(p->cpus_runnable & p->cpus_allowed))
			schedule();
	}
}
#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */

#ifndef __alpha__

/*
 * This has been replaced by sys_setpriority.  Maybe it should be
 * moved into the arch dependent tree for those ports that require
 * it for backward compatibility?
 */

asmlinkage long sys_nice(int increment)
{
	long newprio;

	/*
	 *	Setpriority might change our priority at the same moment.
	 *	We don't have to worry. Conceptually one call occurs first
	 *	and we have a single winner.
	 */
	if (increment < 0) {
		if (!capable(CAP_SYS_NICE))
			return -EPERM;
		if (increment < -40)
			increment = -40;
	}
	if (increment > 40)
		increment = 40;

	newprio = current->nice + increment;
	if (newprio < -20)
		newprio = -20;
	if (newprio > 19)
		newprio = 19;
	current->nice = newprio;
	return 0;
}

#endif

static inline struct task_struct *find_process_by_pid(pid_t pid)
{
	struct task_struct *tsk = current;

	if (pid)
		tsk = find_task_by_pid(pid);
	return tsk;
}

static int setscheduler(pid_t pid, int policy, 
			struct sched_param *param)
{
	struct sched_param lp;
	struct task_struct *p;
	int retval;

	retval = -EINVAL;
	if (!param || pid < 0)
		goto out_nounlock;

	retval = -EFAULT;
	if (copy_from_user(&lp, param, sizeof(struct sched_param)))
		goto out_nounlock;

	/*
	 * We play safe to avoid deadlocks.
	 */
	read_lock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
	spin_lock(&runqueue_lock);

	p = find_process_by_pid(pid);

	retval = -ESRCH;
	if (!p)
		goto out_unlock;
			
	if (policy < 0)
		policy = p->policy;
	else {
		retval = -EINVAL;
		if (policy != SCHED_FIFO && policy != SCHED_RR &&
				policy != SCHED_OTHER)
			goto out_unlock;
	}
	
	/*
	 * Valid priorities for SCHED_FIFO and SCHED_RR are 1..99, valid
	 * priority for SCHED_OTHER is 0.
	 */
	retval = -EINVAL;
	if (lp.sched_priority < 0 || lp.sched_priority > 99)
		goto out_unlock;
	if ((policy == SCHED_OTHER) != (lp.sched_priority == 0))
		goto out_unlock;

	retval = -EPERM;
	if ((policy == SCHED_FIFO || policy == SCHED_RR) && 
	    !capable(CAP_SYS_NICE))
		goto out_unlock;
	if ((current->euid != p->euid) && (current->euid != p->uid) &&
	    !capable(CAP_SYS_NICE))
		goto out_unlock;

	retval = 0;
	p->policy = policy;
	p->rt_priority = lp.sched_priority;

	current->need_resched = 1;

out_unlock:
	spin_unlock(&runqueue_lock);
	read_unlock_irq(&tasklist_lock);

out_nounlock:
	return retval;
}

asmlinkage long sys_sched_setscheduler(pid_t pid, int policy, 
				      struct sched_param *param)
{
	return setscheduler(pid, policy, param);
}

asmlinkage long sys_sched_setparam(pid_t pid, struct sched_param *param)
{
	return setscheduler(pid, -1, param);
}

asmlinkage long sys_sched_getscheduler(pid_t pid)
{
	struct task_struct *p;
	int retval;

	retval = -EINVAL;
	if (pid < 0)
		goto out_nounlock;

	retval = -ESRCH;
	read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
	p = find_process_by_pid(pid);
	if (p)
		retval = p->policy & ~SCHED_YIELD;
	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);

out_nounlock:
	return retval;
}

asmlinkage long sys_sched_getparam(pid_t pid, struct sched_param *param)
{
	struct task_struct *p;
	struct sched_param lp;
	int retval;

	retval = -EINVAL;
	if (!param || pid < 0)
		goto out_nounlock;

	read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
	p = find_process_by_pid(pid);
	retval = -ESRCH;
	if (!p)
		goto out_unlock;
	lp.sched_priority = p->rt_priority;
	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);

	/*
	 * This one might sleep, we cannot do it with a spinlock held ...
	 */
	retval = copy_to_user(param, &lp, sizeof(*param)) ? -EFAULT : 0;

out_nounlock:
	return retval;

out_unlock:
	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
	return retval;
}

asmlinkage long sys_sched_yield(void)
{
	/*
	 * Trick. sched_yield() first counts the number of truly 
	 * 'pending' runnable processes, then returns if it's
	 * only the current processes. (This test does not have
	 * to be atomic.) In threaded applications this optimization
	 * gets triggered quite often.
	 */

	int nr_pending = nr_running;

#if CONFIG_SMP
	int i;

	// Subtract non-idle processes running on other CPUs.
	for (i = 0; i < smp_num_cpus; i++) {
		int cpu = cpu_logical_map(i);
		if (aligned_data[cpu].schedule_data.curr != idle_task(cpu))
			nr_pending--;
	}
#else
	// on UP this process is on the runqueue as well
	nr_pending--;
#endif
	if (nr_pending) {
		/*
		 * This process can only be rescheduled by us,
		 * so this is safe without any locking.
		 */
		if (current->policy == SCHED_OTHER)
			current->policy |= SCHED_YIELD;
		current->need_resched = 1;

		spin_lock_irq(&runqueue_lock);
		move_last_runqueue(current);
		spin_unlock_irq(&runqueue_lock);
	}
	return 0;
}

/**
 * yield - yield the current processor to other threads.
 *
 * this is a shortcut for kernel-space yielding - it marks the
 * thread runnable and calls sys_sched_yield().
 */
void yield(void)
{
	set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
	sys_sched_yield();
	schedule();
}

void __cond_resched(void)
{
	set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
	schedule();
}

asmlinkage long sys_sched_get_priority_max(int policy)
{
	int ret = -EINVAL;

	switch (policy) {
	case SCHED_FIFO:
	case SCHED_RR:
		ret = 99;
		break;
	case SCHED_OTHER:
		ret = 0;
		break;
	}
	return ret;
}

asmlinkage long sys_sched_get_priority_min(int policy)
{
	int ret = -EINVAL;

	switch (policy) {
	case SCHED_FIFO:
	case SCHED_RR:
		ret = 1;
		break;
	case SCHED_OTHER:
		ret = 0;
	}
	return ret;
}

asmlinkage long sys_sched_rr_get_interval(pid_t pid, struct timespec *interval)
{
	struct timespec t;
	struct task_struct *p;
	int retval = -EINVAL;

	if (pid < 0)
		goto out_nounlock;

	retval = -ESRCH;
	read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
	p = find_process_by_pid(pid);
	if (p)
		jiffies_to_timespec(p->policy & SCHED_FIFO ? 0 : NICE_TO_TICKS(p->nice),
				    &t);
	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
	if (p)
		retval = copy_to_user(interval, &t, sizeof(t)) ? -EFAULT : 0;
out_nounlock:
	return retval;
}

static void show_task(struct task_struct * p)
{
	unsigned long free = 0;
	int state;
	static const char * stat_nam[] = { "R", "S", "D", "Z", "T", "W" };

	printk("%-13.13s ", p->comm);
	state = p->state ? ffz(~p->state) + 1 : 0;
	if (((unsigned) state) < sizeof(stat_nam)/sizeof(char *))
		printk(stat_nam[state]);
	else
		printk(" ");
#if (BITS_PER_LONG == 32)
	if (p == current)
		printk(" current  ");
	else
		printk(" %08lX ", thread_saved_pc(&p->thread));
#else
	if (p == current)
		printk("   current task   ");
	else
		printk(" %016lx ", thread_saved_pc(&p->thread));
#endif
	{
		unsigned long * n = (unsigned long *) (p+1);
		while (!*n)
			n++;
		free = (unsigned long) n - (unsigned long)(p+1);
	}
	printk("%5lu %5d %6d ", free, p->pid, p->p_pptr->pid);
	if (p->p_cptr)
		printk("%5d ", p->p_cptr->pid);
	else
		printk("      ");
	if (p->p_ysptr)
		printk("%7d", p->p_ysptr->pid);
	else
		printk("       ");
	if (p->p_osptr)
		printk(" %5d", p->p_osptr->pid);
	else
		printk("      ");
	if (!p->mm)
		printk(" (L-TLB)\n");
	else
		printk(" (NOTLB)\n");

	{
		extern void show_trace_task(struct task_struct *tsk);
		show_trace_task(p);
	}
}

char * render_sigset_t(sigset_t *set, char *buffer)
{
	int i = _NSIG, x;
	do {
		i -= 4, x = 0;
		if (sigismember(set, i+1)) x |= 1;
		if (sigismember(set, i+2)) x |= 2;
		if (sigismember(set, i+3)) x |= 4;
		if (sigismember(set, i+4)) x |= 8;
		*buffer++ = (x < 10 ? '0' : 'a' - 10) + x;
	} while (i >= 4);
	*buffer = 0;
	return buffer;
}

void show_state(void)
{
	struct task_struct *p;

#if (BITS_PER_LONG == 32)
	printk("\n"
	       "                         free                        sibling\n");
	printk("  task             PC    stack   pid father child younger older\n");
#else
	printk("\n"
	       "                                 free                        sibling\n");
	printk("  task                 PC        stack   pid father child younger older\n");
#endif
	read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
	for_each_task(p) {
		/*
		 * reset the NMI-timeout, listing all files on a slow
		 * console might take alot of time:
		 */
		touch_nmi_watchdog();
		show_task(p);
	}
	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
}

/**
 * reparent_to_init() - Reparent the calling kernel thread to the init task.
 *
 * If a kernel thread is launched as a result of a system call, or if
 * it ever exits, it should generally reparent itself to init so that
 * it is correctly cleaned up on exit.
 *
 * The various task state such as scheduling policy and priority may have
 * been inherited fro a user process, so we reset them to sane values here.
 *
 * NOTE that reparent_to_init() gives the caller full capabilities.
 */
void reparent_to_init(void)
{
	struct task_struct *this_task = current;

	write_lock_irq(&tasklist_lock);

	/* Reparent to init */
	REMOVE_LINKS(this_task);
	this_task->p_pptr = child_reaper;
	this_task->p_opptr = child_reaper;
	SET_LINKS(this_task);

	/* Set the exit signal to SIGCHLD so we signal init on exit */
	this_task->exit_signal = SIGCHLD;

	/* We also take the runqueue_lock while altering task fields
	 * which affect scheduling decisions */
	spin_lock(&runqueue_lock);

	this_task->ptrace = 0;
	this_task->nice = DEF_NICE;
	this_task->policy = SCHED_OTHER;
	/* cpus_allowed? */
	/* rt_priority? */
	/* signals? */
	this_task->cap_effective = CAP_INIT_EFF_SET;
	this_task->cap_inheritable = CAP_INIT_INH_SET;
	this_task->cap_permitted = CAP_FULL_SET;
	this_task->keep_capabilities = 0;
	memcpy(this_task->rlim, init_task.rlim, sizeof(*(this_task->rlim)));
	switch_uid(INIT_USER);

	spin_unlock(&runqueue_lock);
	write_unlock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
}

/*
 *	Put all the gunge required to become a kernel thread without
 *	attached user resources in one place where it belongs.
 */

void daemonize(void)
{
	struct fs_struct *fs;


	/*
	 * If we were started as result of loading a module, close all of the
	 * user space pages.  We don't need them, and if we didn't close them
	 * they would be locked into memory.
	 */
	exit_mm(current);

	current->session = 1;
	current->pgrp = 1;
	current->tty = NULL;

	/* Become as one with the init task */

	exit_fs(current);	/* current->fs->count--; */
	fs = init_task.fs;
	current->fs = fs;
	atomic_inc(&fs->count);
 	exit_files(current);
	current->files = init_task.files;
	atomic_inc(&current->files->count);
}

extern unsigned long wait_init_idle;

void init_idle(void)
{
	struct schedule_data * sched_data;
	sched_data = &aligned_data[smp_processor_id()].schedule_data;

	if (current != &init_task && task_on_runqueue(current)) {
		printk("UGH! (%d:%d) was on the runqueue, removing.\n",
			smp_processor_id(), current->pid);
		del_from_runqueue(current);
	}
	sched_data->curr = current;
	sched_data->last_schedule = get_cycles();
	clear_bit(current->processor, &wait_init_idle);
}

extern void init_timervecs (void);

void __init sched_init(void)
{
	/*
	 * We have to do a little magic to get the first
	 * process right in SMP mode.
	 */
	int cpu = smp_processor_id();
	int nr;

	init_task.processor = cpu;

	for(nr = 0; nr < PIDHASH_SZ; nr++)
		pidhash[nr] = NULL;

	init_timervecs();

	init_bh(TIMER_BH, timer_bh);
	init_bh(TQUEUE_BH, tqueue_bh);
	init_bh(IMMEDIATE_BH, immediate_bh);

	/*
	 * The boot idle thread does lazy MMU switching as well:
	 */
	atomic_inc(&init_mm.mm_count);
	enter_lazy_tlb(&init_mm, current, cpu);
}