kexec/arch/arm64/kexec-arm64.c

/*
 * ARM64 kexec.
 */

#define _GNU_SOURCE

#include <assert.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <libfdt.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <linux/elf-em.h>
#include <elf.h>
#include <elf_info.h>

#include <unistd.h>
#include <syscall.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <linux/random.h>

#include "kexec.h"
#include "kexec-arm64.h"
#include "crashdump.h"
#include "crashdump-arm64.h"
#include "dt-ops.h"
#include "fs2dt.h"
#include "iomem.h"
#include "kexec-syscall.h"
#include "mem_regions.h"
#include "arch/options.h"

#define ROOT_NODE_ADDR_CELLS_DEFAULT 1
#define ROOT_NODE_SIZE_CELLS_DEFAULT 1

#define PROP_ADDR_CELLS "#address-cells"
#define PROP_SIZE_CELLS "#size-cells"
#define PROP_ELFCOREHDR "linux,elfcorehdr"
#define PROP_USABLE_MEM_RANGE "linux,usable-memory-range"

#define PAGE_OFFSET_36 ((0xffffffffffffffffUL) << 36)
#define PAGE_OFFSET_39 ((0xffffffffffffffffUL) << 39)
#define PAGE_OFFSET_42 ((0xffffffffffffffffUL) << 42)
#define PAGE_OFFSET_47 ((0xffffffffffffffffUL) << 47)
#define PAGE_OFFSET_48 ((0xffffffffffffffffUL) << 48)

/* Global flag which indicates that we have tried reading
 * PHYS_OFFSET from 'kcore' already.
 */
static bool try_read_phys_offset_from_kcore = false;

/* Machine specific details. */
static int va_bits = -1;
static unsigned long page_offset;

/* Global varables the core kexec routines expect. */

unsigned char reuse_initrd;

off_t initrd_base;
off_t initrd_size;

const struct arch_map_entry arches[] = {
	{ "aarch64", KEXEC_ARCH_ARM64 },
	{ "aarch64_be", KEXEC_ARCH_ARM64 },
	{ NULL, 0 },
};

struct file_type file_type[] = {
	{"vmlinux", elf_arm64_probe, elf_arm64_load, elf_arm64_usage},
	{"Image", image_arm64_probe, image_arm64_load, image_arm64_usage},
	{"uImage", uImage_arm64_probe, uImage_arm64_load, uImage_arm64_usage},
	{"vmlinuz", pez_arm64_probe, pez_arm64_load, pez_arm64_usage},
	{"uki", uki_image_probe, uki_image_load, uki_image_usage},
};

int file_types = sizeof(file_type) / sizeof(file_type[0]);

/* arm64 global varables. */

struct arm64_opts arm64_opts;
struct arm64_mem arm64_mem = {
	.phys_offset = arm64_mem_ngv,
	.vp_offset = arm64_mem_ngv,
};

uint64_t get_phys_offset(void)
{
	assert(arm64_mem.phys_offset != arm64_mem_ngv);
	return arm64_mem.phys_offset;
}

uint64_t get_vp_offset(void)
{
	assert(arm64_mem.vp_offset != arm64_mem_ngv);
	return arm64_mem.vp_offset;
}

/**
 * arm64_process_image_header - Process the arm64 image header.
 *
 * Make a guess that KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE will be enough for older kernels.
 */

int arm64_process_image_header(const struct arm64_image_header *h)
{
#if !defined(KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE)
# define KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE MiB(16)
#endif

	if (!arm64_header_check_magic(h))
		return EFAILED;

	if (h->image_size) {
		arm64_mem.text_offset = arm64_header_text_offset(h);
		arm64_mem.image_size = arm64_header_image_size(h);
	} else {
		/* For 3.16 and older kernels. */
		arm64_mem.text_offset = 0x80000;
		arm64_mem.image_size = KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE;
		fprintf(stderr,
			"kexec: %s: Warning: Kernel image size set to %lu MiB.\n"
			"  Please verify compatability with lodaed kernel.\n",
			__func__, KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE / 1024UL / 1024UL);
	}

	return 0;
}

void arch_usage(void)
{
	printf(arm64_opts_usage);
}

int arch_process_options(int argc, char **argv)
{
	static const char short_options[] = KEXEC_OPT_STR "";
	static const struct option options[] = {
		KEXEC_ARCH_OPTIONS
		{ 0 }
	};
	int opt;
	char *cmdline = NULL;
	const char *append = NULL;
	int do_kexec_file_syscall = 0;

	for (opt = 0; opt != -1; ) {
		opt = getopt_long(argc, argv, short_options, options, 0);

		switch (opt) {
		case OPT_APPEND:
			append = optarg;
			break;
		case OPT_REUSE_CMDLINE:
			cmdline = get_command_line();
			break;
		case OPT_DTB:
			arm64_opts.dtb = optarg;
			break;
		case OPT_INITRD:
			arm64_opts.initrd = optarg;
			break;
		case OPT_KEXEC_FILE_SYSCALL:
			do_kexec_file_syscall = 1;
		case OPT_SERIAL:
			arm64_opts.console = optarg;
			break;
		default:
			break; /* Ignore core and unknown options. */
		}
	}

	arm64_opts.command_line = concat_cmdline(cmdline, append);

	dbgprintf("%s:%d: command_line: %s\n", __func__, __LINE__,
		arm64_opts.command_line);
	dbgprintf("%s:%d: initrd: %s\n", __func__, __LINE__,
		arm64_opts.initrd);
	dbgprintf("%s:%d: dtb: %s\n", __func__, __LINE__,
		(do_kexec_file_syscall && arm64_opts.dtb ? "(ignored)" :
							arm64_opts.dtb));
	dbgprintf("%s:%d: console: %s\n", __func__, __LINE__,
		arm64_opts.console);

	if (do_kexec_file_syscall)
		arm64_opts.dtb = NULL;

	return 0;
}

/**
 * find_purgatory_sink - Find a sink for purgatory output.
 */

static uint64_t find_purgatory_sink(const char *console)
{
	int fd, ret;
	char device[255], mem[255];
	struct stat sb;
	char buffer[10];
	uint64_t iomem = 0x0;

	if (!console)
		return 0;

	ret = snprintf(device, sizeof(device), "/sys/class/tty/%s", console);
	if (ret < 0 || ret >= sizeof(device)) {
		fprintf(stderr, "snprintf failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
		return 0;
	}

	if (stat(device, &sb) || !S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode)) {
		fprintf(stderr, "kexec: %s: No valid console found for %s\n",
			__func__, device);
		return 0;
	}

	ret = snprintf(mem, sizeof(mem), "%s%s", device, "/iomem_base");
	if (ret < 0 || ret >= sizeof(mem)) {
		fprintf(stderr, "snprintf failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
		return 0;
	}

	printf("console memory read from %s\n", mem);

	fd = open(mem, O_RDONLY);
	if (fd < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "kexec: %s: No able to open %s\n",
			__func__, mem);
		return 0;
	}

	memset(buffer, '\0', sizeof(buffer));
	ret = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
	if (ret < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "kexec: %s: not able to read fd\n", __func__);
		close(fd);
		return 0;
	}

	sscanf(buffer, "%lx", &iomem);
	printf("console memory is at %#lx\n", iomem);

	close(fd);
	return iomem;
}

/**
 * struct dtb - Info about a binary device tree.
 *
 * @buf: Device tree data.
 * @size: Device tree data size.
 * @name: Shorthand name of this dtb for messages.
 * @path: Filesystem path.
 */

struct dtb {
	char *buf;
	off_t size;
	const char *name;
	const char *path;
};

/**
 * dump_reservemap - Dump the dtb's reservemap.
 */

static void dump_reservemap(const struct dtb *dtb)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; ; i++) {
		uint64_t address;
		uint64_t size;

		fdt_get_mem_rsv(dtb->buf, i, &address, &size);

		if (!size)
			break;

		dbgprintf("%s: %s {%" PRIx64 ", %" PRIx64 "}\n", __func__,
			dtb->name, address, size);
	}
}

/**
 * set_bootargs - Set the dtb's bootargs.
 */

static int set_bootargs(struct dtb *dtb, const char *command_line)
{
	int result;

	if (!command_line || !command_line[0])
		return 0;

	result = dtb_set_bootargs(&dtb->buf, &dtb->size, command_line);

	if (result) {
		fprintf(stderr,
			"kexec: Set device tree bootargs failed.\n");
		return EFAILED;
	}

	return 0;
}

/**
 * read_proc_dtb - Read /proc/device-tree.
 */

static int read_proc_dtb(struct dtb *dtb)
{
	int result;
	struct stat s;
	static const char path[] = "/proc/device-tree";

	result = stat(path, &s);

	if (result) {
		dbgprintf("%s: %s\n", __func__, strerror(errno));
		return EFAILED;
	}

	dtb->path = path;
	create_flatten_tree((char **)&dtb->buf, &dtb->size, NULL);

	return 0;
}

/**
 * read_sys_dtb - Read /sys/firmware/fdt.
 */

static int read_sys_dtb(struct dtb *dtb)
{
	int result;
	struct stat s;
	static const char path[] = "/sys/firmware/fdt";

	result = stat(path, &s);

	if (result) {
		dbgprintf("%s: %s\n", __func__, strerror(errno));
		return EFAILED;
	}

	dtb->path = path;
	dtb->buf = slurp_file(path, &dtb->size);

	return 0;
}

/**
 * read_1st_dtb - Read the 1st stage kernel's dtb.
 */

static int read_1st_dtb(struct dtb *dtb)
{
	int result;

	dtb->name = "dtb_sys";
	result = read_sys_dtb(dtb);

	if (!result)
		goto on_success;

	dtb->name = "dtb_proc";
	result = read_proc_dtb(dtb);

	if (!result)
		goto on_success;

	dbgprintf("%s: not found\n", __func__);
	return EFAILED;

on_success:
	dbgprintf("%s: found %s\n", __func__, dtb->path);
	return 0;
}

static int get_cells_size(void *fdt, uint32_t *address_cells,
						uint32_t *size_cells)
{
	int nodeoffset;
	const uint32_t *prop = NULL;
	int prop_len;

	/* default values */
	*address_cells = ROOT_NODE_ADDR_CELLS_DEFAULT;
	*size_cells = ROOT_NODE_SIZE_CELLS_DEFAULT;

	/* under root node */
	nodeoffset = fdt_path_offset(fdt, "/");
	if (nodeoffset < 0)
		goto on_error;

	prop = fdt_getprop(fdt, nodeoffset, PROP_ADDR_CELLS, &prop_len);
	if (prop) {
		if (prop_len == sizeof(*prop))
			*address_cells = fdt32_to_cpu(*prop);
		else
			goto on_error;
	}

	prop = fdt_getprop(fdt, nodeoffset, PROP_SIZE_CELLS, &prop_len);
	if (prop) {
		if (prop_len == sizeof(*prop))
			*size_cells = fdt32_to_cpu(*prop);
		else
			goto on_error;
	}

	dbgprintf("%s: #address-cells:%d #size-cells:%d\n", __func__,
			*address_cells, *size_cells);
	return 0;

on_error:
	return EFAILED;
}

static bool cells_size_fitted(uint32_t address_cells, uint32_t size_cells,
						struct memory_range *range)
{
	dbgprintf("%s: %llx-%llx\n", __func__, range->start, range->end);

	/* if *_cells >= 2, cells can hold 64-bit values anyway */
	if ((address_cells == 1) && (range->start >= (1ULL << 32)))
		return false;

	if ((size_cells == 1) &&
			((range->end - range->start + 1) >= (1ULL << 32)))
		return false;

	return true;
}

static void fill_property(void *buf, uint64_t val, uint32_t cells)
{
	uint32_t val32;
	int i;

	if (cells == 1) {
		val32 = cpu_to_fdt32((uint32_t)val);
		memcpy(buf, &val32, sizeof(uint32_t));
	} else {
		for (i = 0;
		     i < (cells * sizeof(uint32_t) - sizeof(uint64_t)); i++)
			*(char *)buf++ = 0;

		val = cpu_to_fdt64(val);
		memcpy(buf, &val, sizeof(uint64_t));
	}
}

static int fdt_setprop_ranges(void *fdt, int nodeoffset, const char *name,
				struct memory_range *ranges, int nr_ranges, bool reverse,
				uint32_t address_cells, uint32_t size_cells)
{
	void *buf, *prop;
	size_t buf_size;
	int i, result;
	struct memory_range *range;

	buf_size = (address_cells + size_cells) * sizeof(uint32_t) * nr_ranges;
	prop = buf = xmalloc(buf_size);
	if (!buf)
		return -ENOMEM;

	for (i = 0; i < nr_ranges; i++) {
		if (reverse)
			range = ranges + (nr_ranges - 1 - i);
		else
			range = ranges + i;

		fill_property(prop, range->start, address_cells);
		prop += address_cells * sizeof(uint32_t);

		fill_property(prop, range->end - range->start + 1, size_cells);
		prop += size_cells * sizeof(uint32_t);
	}

	result = fdt_setprop(fdt, nodeoffset, name, buf, buf_size);

	free(buf);

	return result;
}

/**
 * setup_2nd_dtb - Setup the 2nd stage kernel's dtb.
 */

static int setup_2nd_dtb(struct dtb *dtb, char *command_line, int on_crash)
{
	uint32_t address_cells, size_cells;
	uint64_t fdt_val64;
	uint64_t *prop;
	char *new_buf = NULL;
	int len, range_len;
	int nodeoffset;
	int new_size;
	int i, result, kaslr_seed;

	result = fdt_check_header(dtb->buf);

	if (result) {
		fprintf(stderr, "kexec: Invalid 2nd device tree.\n");
		return EFAILED;
	}

	result = set_bootargs(dtb, command_line);
	if (result) {
		fprintf(stderr, "kexec: cannot set bootargs.\n");
		result = -EINVAL;
		goto on_error;
	}

	/* determine #address-cells and #size-cells */
	result = get_cells_size(dtb->buf, &address_cells, &size_cells);
	if (result) {
		fprintf(stderr, "kexec: cannot determine cells-size.\n");
		result = -EINVAL;
		goto on_error;
	}

	if (!cells_size_fitted(address_cells, size_cells,
				&elfcorehdr_mem)) {
		fprintf(stderr, "kexec: elfcorehdr doesn't fit cells-size.\n");
		result = -EINVAL;
		goto on_error;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < usablemem_rgns.size; i++) {
		if (!cells_size_fitted(address_cells, size_cells,
					&crash_reserved_mem[i])) {
			fprintf(stderr, "kexec: usable memory range doesn't fit cells-size.\n");
			result = -EINVAL;
			goto on_error;
		}
	}

	/* duplicate dt blob */
	range_len = sizeof(uint32_t) * (address_cells + size_cells);
	new_size = fdt_totalsize(dtb->buf)
		+ fdt_prop_len(PROP_ELFCOREHDR, range_len)
		+ fdt_prop_len(PROP_USABLE_MEM_RANGE, range_len * usablemem_rgns.size);

	new_buf = xmalloc(new_size);
	result = fdt_open_into(dtb->buf, new_buf, new_size);
	if (result) {
		dbgprintf("%s: fdt_open_into failed: %s\n", __func__,
				fdt_strerror(result));
		result = -ENOSPC;
		goto on_error;
	}

	/* fixup 'kaslr-seed' with a random value, if supported */
	nodeoffset = fdt_path_offset(new_buf, "/chosen");
	prop = fdt_getprop_w(new_buf, nodeoffset,
			"kaslr-seed", &len);
	if (!prop || len != sizeof(uint64_t)) {
		dbgprintf("%s: no kaslr-seed found\n",
				__func__);
		/* for kexec warm reboot case, we don't need to fixup
		 * other dtb properties
		 */
		if (!on_crash) {
			dump_reservemap(dtb);
			if (new_buf)
				free(new_buf);

			return result;
		}
	} else {
		kaslr_seed = fdt64_to_cpu(*prop);

		/* kaslr_seed must be wiped clean by primary
		 * kernel during boot
		 */
		if (kaslr_seed != 0) {
			dbgprintf("%s: kaslr-seed is not wiped to 0.\n",
					__func__);
			result = -EINVAL;
			goto on_error;
		}

		/*
		 * Invoke the getrandom system call with
		 * GRND_NONBLOCK, to make sure we
		 * have a valid random seed to pass to the
		 * secondary kernel.
		 */
		result = syscall(SYS_getrandom, &fdt_val64,
				sizeof(fdt_val64),
				GRND_NONBLOCK);

		if(result == -1) {
			fprintf(stderr, "%s: Reading random bytes failed.\n",
					__func__);

			/* Currently on some arm64 platforms this
			 * 'getrandom' system call fails while booting
			 * the platform.
			 *
			 * In case, this happens at best we can set
			 * the 'kaslr_seed' as 0, indicating that the
			 * 2nd kernel will be booted with a 'nokaslr'
			 * like behaviour.
			 */
			fdt_val64 = 0UL;
			dbgprintf("%s: Disabling KASLR in secondary kernel.\n",
					__func__);
		}

		nodeoffset = fdt_path_offset(new_buf, "/chosen");
		result = fdt_setprop_inplace(new_buf,
				nodeoffset, "kaslr-seed",
				&fdt_val64, sizeof(fdt_val64));
		if (result) {
			dbgprintf("%s: fdt_setprop failed: %s\n",
					__func__, fdt_strerror(result));
			result = -EINVAL;
			goto on_error;
		}
	}

	if (on_crash) {
		/* add linux,elfcorehdr */
		nodeoffset = fdt_path_offset(new_buf, "/chosen");
		result = fdt_setprop_ranges(new_buf, nodeoffset,
				PROP_ELFCOREHDR, &elfcorehdr_mem, 1, false,
				address_cells, size_cells);
		if (result) {
			dbgprintf("%s: fdt_setprop failed: %s\n", __func__,
					fdt_strerror(result));
			result = -EINVAL;
			goto on_error;
		}

		/*
		 * add linux,usable-memory-range
		 *
		 * crash dump kernel support one or two regions, to make
		 * compatibility with existing user-space and older kdump, the
		 * low region is always the last one.
		 */
		nodeoffset = fdt_path_offset(new_buf, "/chosen");
		result = fdt_setprop_ranges(new_buf, nodeoffset,
				PROP_USABLE_MEM_RANGE,
				usablemem_rgns.ranges, usablemem_rgns.size, true,
				address_cells, size_cells);
		if (result) {
			dbgprintf("%s: fdt_setprop failed: %s\n", __func__,
					fdt_strerror(result));
			result = -EINVAL;
			goto on_error;
		}
	}

	fdt_pack(new_buf);
	dtb->buf = new_buf;
	dtb->size = fdt_totalsize(new_buf);

	dump_reservemap(dtb);

	return result;

on_error:
	fprintf(stderr, "kexec: %s failed.\n", __func__);
	if (new_buf)
		free(new_buf);

	return result;
}

unsigned long arm64_locate_kernel_segment(struct kexec_info *info)
{
	unsigned long hole;

	if (info->kexec_flags & KEXEC_ON_CRASH) {
		unsigned long hole_end;

		hole = (crash_reserved_mem[usablemem_rgns.size - 1].start < mem_min ?
				mem_min : crash_reserved_mem[usablemem_rgns.size - 1].start);
		hole = _ALIGN_UP(hole, MiB(2));
		hole_end = hole + arm64_mem.text_offset + arm64_mem.image_size;

		if ((hole_end > mem_max) ||
		    (hole_end > crash_reserved_mem[usablemem_rgns.size - 1].end)) {
			dbgprintf("%s: Crash kernel out of range\n", __func__);
			hole = ULONG_MAX;
		}
	} else {
		hole = locate_hole(info,
			arm64_mem.text_offset + arm64_mem.image_size,
			MiB(2), 0, ULONG_MAX, 1);

		if (hole == ULONG_MAX)
			dbgprintf("%s: locate_hole failed\n", __func__);
	}

	return hole;
}

/**
 * arm64_load_other_segments - Prepare the dtb, initrd and purgatory segments.
 */

int arm64_load_other_segments(struct kexec_info *info,
	unsigned long image_base)
{
	int result;
	unsigned long dtb_base;
	unsigned long hole_min;
	unsigned long hole_max;
	unsigned long initrd_end;
	uint64_t purgatory_sink;
	char *initrd_buf = NULL;
	struct dtb dtb;
	char command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE] = "";

	if (arm64_opts.command_line) {
		if (strlen(arm64_opts.command_line) >
		    sizeof(command_line) - 1) {
			fprintf(stderr,
				"Kernel command line too long for kernel!\n");
			return EFAILED;
		}

		strncpy(command_line, arm64_opts.command_line,
			sizeof(command_line) - 1);
		command_line[sizeof(command_line) - 1] = 0;
	}

	purgatory_sink = find_purgatory_sink(arm64_opts.console);

	dbgprintf("%s:%d: purgatory sink: 0x%" PRIx64 "\n", __func__, __LINE__,
		purgatory_sink);

	if (arm64_opts.dtb) {
		dtb.name = "dtb_user";
		dtb.buf = slurp_file(arm64_opts.dtb, &dtb.size);
	} else {
		result = read_1st_dtb(&dtb);

		if (result) {
			fprintf(stderr,
				"kexec: Error: No device tree available.\n");
			return EFAILED;
		}
	}

	result = setup_2nd_dtb(&dtb, command_line,
			info->kexec_flags & KEXEC_ON_CRASH);

	if (result)
		return EFAILED;

	/* Put the other segments after the image. */

	hole_min = image_base + arm64_mem.image_size;
	if (info->kexec_flags & KEXEC_ON_CRASH)
		hole_max = crash_reserved_mem[usablemem_rgns.size - 1].end;
	else
		hole_max = ULONG_MAX;

	if (arm64_opts.initrd) {
		initrd_buf = slurp_file(arm64_opts.initrd, &initrd_size);

		if (!initrd_buf)
			fprintf(stderr, "kexec: Empty ramdisk file.\n");
		else {
			/* Put the initrd after the kernel. */

			initrd_base = add_buffer_phys_virt(info, initrd_buf,
				initrd_size, initrd_size, 0,
				hole_min, hole_max, 1, 0);

			initrd_end = initrd_base + initrd_size;

			/* Check limits as specified in booting.txt.
			 * The kernel may have as little as 32 GB of address space to map
			 * system memory and both kernel and initrd must be 1GB aligend.
			 */

			if (_ALIGN_UP(initrd_end, GiB(1)) - _ALIGN_DOWN(image_base, GiB(1)) > GiB(32)) {
				fprintf(stderr, "kexec: Error: image + initrd too big.\n");
				return EFAILED;
			}

			dbgprintf("initrd: base %lx, size %lxh (%ld)\n",
				initrd_base, initrd_size, initrd_size);

			result = dtb_set_initrd((char **)&dtb.buf,
				&dtb.size, initrd_base,
				initrd_base + initrd_size);

			if (result)
				return EFAILED;
		}
	}

	if (!initrd_buf) {
		/* Don't reuse the initrd addresses from 1st DTB */
		dtb_clear_initrd((char **)&dtb.buf, &dtb.size);
	}

	/* Check size limit as specified in booting.txt. */

	if (dtb.size > MiB(2)) {
		fprintf(stderr, "kexec: Error: dtb too big.\n");
		return EFAILED;
	}

	dtb_base = add_buffer_phys_virt(info, dtb.buf, dtb.size, dtb.size,
		0, hole_min, hole_max, 1, 0);

	/* dtb_base is valid if we got here. */

	dbgprintf("dtb:    base %lx, size %lxh (%ld)\n", dtb_base, dtb.size,
		dtb.size);

	elf_rel_build_load(info, &info->rhdr, purgatory, purgatory_size,
		hole_min, hole_max, 1, 0);

	info->entry = (void *)elf_rel_get_addr(&info->rhdr, "purgatory_start");

	elf_rel_set_symbol(&info->rhdr, "arm64_sink", &purgatory_sink,
		sizeof(purgatory_sink));

	elf_rel_set_symbol(&info->rhdr, "arm64_kernel_entry", &image_base,
		sizeof(image_base));

	elf_rel_set_symbol(&info->rhdr, "arm64_dtb_addr", &dtb_base,
		sizeof(dtb_base));

	return 0;
}

/**
 * virt_to_phys - For processing elf file values.
 */

unsigned long virt_to_phys(unsigned long v)
{
	unsigned long p;

	p = v - get_vp_offset() + get_phys_offset();

	return p;
}

/**
 * phys_to_virt - For crashdump setup.
 */

unsigned long phys_to_virt(struct crash_elf_info *elf_info,
	unsigned long long p)
{
	unsigned long v;

	v = p - get_phys_offset() + elf_info->page_offset;

	return v;
}

/**
 * add_segment - Use virt_to_phys when loading elf files.
 */

void add_segment(struct kexec_info *info, const void *buf, size_t bufsz,
	unsigned long base, size_t memsz)
{
	add_segment_phys_virt(info, buf, bufsz, base, memsz, 1);
}

static inline void set_phys_offset(int64_t v, char *set_method)
{
	if (arm64_mem.phys_offset == arm64_mem_ngv
		|| v < arm64_mem.phys_offset) {
		arm64_mem.phys_offset = v;
		dbgprintf("%s: phys_offset : %016lx (method : %s)\n",
				__func__, arm64_mem.phys_offset,
				set_method);
	}
}

/**
 * get_va_bits - Helper for getting VA_BITS
 */

static int get_va_bits(void)
{
	unsigned long long stext_sym_addr;

	/*
	 * if already got from kcore
	 */
	if (va_bits != -1)
		goto out;


	/* For kernel older than v4.19 */
	fprintf(stderr, "Warning, can't get the VA_BITS from kcore\n");
	stext_sym_addr = get_kernel_sym("_stext");

	if (stext_sym_addr == 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Can't get the symbol of _stext.\n");
		return -1;
	}

	/* Derive va_bits as per arch/arm64/Kconfig */
	if ((stext_sym_addr & PAGE_OFFSET_36) == PAGE_OFFSET_36) {
		va_bits = 36;
	} else if ((stext_sym_addr & PAGE_OFFSET_39) == PAGE_OFFSET_39) {
		va_bits = 39;
	} else if ((stext_sym_addr & PAGE_OFFSET_42) == PAGE_OFFSET_42) {
		va_bits = 42;
	} else if ((stext_sym_addr & PAGE_OFFSET_47) == PAGE_OFFSET_47) {
		va_bits = 47;
	} else if ((stext_sym_addr & PAGE_OFFSET_48) == PAGE_OFFSET_48) {
		va_bits = 48;
	} else {
		fprintf(stderr,
			"Cannot find a proper _stext for calculating VA_BITS\n");
		return -1;
	}

out:
	dbgprintf("va_bits : %d\n", va_bits);

	return 0;
}

/**
 * get_page_offset - Helper for getting PAGE_OFFSET
 */

int get_page_offset(unsigned long *page_offset)
{
	unsigned long long text_sym_addr, kernel_va_mid;
	int ret;

	text_sym_addr = get_kernel_sym("_text");
	if (text_sym_addr == 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Can't get the symbol of _text to calculate page_offset.\n");
		return -1;
	}

	ret = get_va_bits();
	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;

	/* Since kernel 5.4, kernel image is put above
	 * UINT64_MAX << (va_bits - 1)
	 */
	kernel_va_mid = UINT64_MAX << (va_bits - 1);
	/* older kernel */
	if (text_sym_addr < kernel_va_mid)
		*page_offset = UINT64_MAX << (va_bits - 1);
	else
		*page_offset = UINT64_MAX << va_bits;

	dbgprintf("page_offset : %lx\n", *page_offset);

	return 0;
}

static void arm64_scan_vmcoreinfo(char *pos)
{
	const char *str;

	str = "NUMBER(VA_BITS)=";
	if (memcmp(str, pos, strlen(str)) == 0)
		va_bits = strtoul(pos + strlen(str), NULL, 10);
}

/**
 * get_phys_offset_from_vmcoreinfo_pt_note - Helper for getting PHYS_OFFSET (and va_bits)
 * from VMCOREINFO note inside 'kcore'.
 */

static int get_phys_offset_from_vmcoreinfo_pt_note(long *phys_offset)
{
	int fd, ret = 0;

	if ((fd = open("/proc/kcore", O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Can't open (%s).\n", "/proc/kcore");
		return EFAILED;
	}

	arch_scan_vmcoreinfo = arm64_scan_vmcoreinfo;
	ret = read_phys_offset_elf_kcore(fd, phys_offset);

	close(fd);
	return ret;
}

/**
 * get_phys_base_from_pt_load - Helper for getting PHYS_OFFSET
 * from PT_LOADs inside 'kcore'.
 */

int get_phys_base_from_pt_load(long *phys_offset)
{
	int i, fd, ret;
	unsigned long long phys_start;
	unsigned long long virt_start;

	ret = get_page_offset(&page_offset);
	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;

	if ((fd = open("/proc/kcore", O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Can't open (%s).\n", "/proc/kcore");
		return EFAILED;
	}

	read_elf(fd);

	for (i = 0; get_pt_load(i,
		    &phys_start, NULL, &virt_start, NULL);
	 	    i++) {
		if (virt_start != NOT_KV_ADDR
				&& virt_start >= page_offset
				&& phys_start != NOT_PADDR)
			*phys_offset = phys_start -
				(virt_start & ~page_offset);
	}

	close(fd);
	return 0;
}

static bool to_be_excluded(char *str, unsigned long long start, unsigned long long end)
{
	if (!strncmp(str, CRASH_KERNEL, strlen(CRASH_KERNEL))) {
		uint64_t load_start, load_end;

		if (!get_crash_kernel_load_range(&load_start, &load_end) &&
		    (load_start == start) && (load_end == end))
			return false;

		return true;
	}

	if (!strncmp(str, SYSTEM_RAM, strlen(SYSTEM_RAM)) ||
	    !strncmp(str, KERNEL_CODE, strlen(KERNEL_CODE)) ||
	    !strncmp(str, KERNEL_DATA, strlen(KERNEL_DATA)))
		return false;
	else
		return true;
}

/**
 * get_memory_ranges - Try to get the memory ranges from
 * /proc/iomem.
 */
int get_memory_ranges(struct memory_range **range, int *ranges,
	unsigned long kexec_flags)
{
	long phys_offset = -1;
	FILE *fp;
	const char *iomem = proc_iomem();
	char line[MAX_LINE], *str;
	unsigned long long start, end;
	int n, consumed;
	struct memory_ranges memranges;
	struct memory_range *last, excl_range;
	int ret;

	if (!try_read_phys_offset_from_kcore) {
		/* Since kernel version 4.19, 'kcore' contains
		 * a new PT_NOTE which carries the VMCOREINFO
		 * information.
		 * If the same is available, one should prefer the
		 * same to retrieve 'PHYS_OFFSET' value exported by
		 * the kernel as this is now the standard interface
		 * exposed by kernel for sharing machine specific
		 * details with the userland.
		 */
		ret = get_phys_offset_from_vmcoreinfo_pt_note(&phys_offset);
		if (!ret) {
			if (phys_offset != -1)
				set_phys_offset(phys_offset,
						"vmcoreinfo pt_note");
		} else {
			/* If we are running on a older kernel,
			 * try to retrieve the 'PHYS_OFFSET' value
			 * exported by the kernel in the 'kcore'
			 * file by reading the PT_LOADs and determining
			 * the correct combination.
			 */
			ret = get_phys_base_from_pt_load(&phys_offset);
			if (!ret)
				if (phys_offset != -1)
					set_phys_offset(phys_offset,
							"pt_load");
		}

		try_read_phys_offset_from_kcore = true;
	}

	fp = fopen(iomem, "r");
	if (!fp)
		die("Cannot open %s\n", iomem);

	memranges.ranges = NULL;
	memranges.size = memranges.max_size  = 0;

	while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp) != 0) {
		n = sscanf(line, "%llx-%llx : %n", &start, &end, &consumed);
		if (n != 2)
			continue;
		str = line + consumed;

		if (!strncmp(str, SYSTEM_RAM, strlen(SYSTEM_RAM))) {
			ret = mem_regions_alloc_and_add(&memranges,
					start, end - start + 1, RANGE_RAM);
			if (ret) {
				fprintf(stderr,
					"Cannot allocate memory for ranges\n");
				fclose(fp);
				return -ENOMEM;
			}

			dbgprintf("%s:+[%d] %016llx - %016llx\n", __func__,
				memranges.size - 1,
				memranges.ranges[memranges.size - 1].start,
				memranges.ranges[memranges.size - 1].end);
		} else if (to_be_excluded(str, start, end)) {
			if (!memranges.size)
				continue;

			/*
			 * Note: mem_regions_exclude() doesn't guarantee
			 * that the ranges are sorted out, but as long as
			 * we cope with /proc/iomem, we only operate on
			 * the last entry and so it is safe.
			 */

			/* The last System RAM range */
			last = &memranges.ranges[memranges.size - 1];

			if (last->end < start)
				/* New resource outside of System RAM */
				continue;
			if (end < last->start)
				/* Already excluded by parent resource */
				continue;

			excl_range.start = start;
			excl_range.end = end;
			ret = mem_regions_alloc_and_exclude(&memranges, &excl_range);
			if (ret) {
				fprintf(stderr,
					"Cannot allocate memory for ranges (exclude)\n");
				fclose(fp);
				return -ENOMEM;
			}
			dbgprintf("%s:-      %016llx - %016llx\n",
					__func__, start, end);
		}
	}

	fclose(fp);

	*range = memranges.ranges;
	*ranges = memranges.size;

	/* As a fallback option, we can try determining the PHYS_OFFSET
	 * value from the '/proc/iomem' entries as well.
	 *
	 * But note that this can be flaky, as on certain arm64
	 * platforms, it has been noticed that due to a hole at the
	 * start of physical ram exposed to kernel
	 * (i.e. it doesn't start from address 0), the kernel still
	 * calculates the 'memstart_addr' kernel variable as 0.
	 *
	 * Whereas the SYSTEM_RAM or IOMEM_RESERVED range in
	 * '/proc/iomem' would carry a first entry whose start address
	 * is non-zero (as the physical ram exposed to the kernel
	 * starts from a non-zero address).
	 *
	 * In such cases, if we rely on '/proc/iomem' entries to
	 * calculate the phys_offset, then we will have mismatch
	 * between the user-space and kernel space 'PHYS_OFFSET'
	 * value.
	 */
	if (memranges.size)
		set_phys_offset(memranges.ranges[0].start, "iomem");

	dbgprint_mem_range("System RAM ranges;",
				memranges.ranges, memranges.size);

	return 0;
}

int arch_compat_trampoline(struct kexec_info *info)
{
	return 0;
}

int machine_verify_elf_rel(struct mem_ehdr *ehdr)
{
	return (ehdr->e_machine == EM_AARCH64);
}

enum aarch64_rel_type {
	R_AARCH64_NONE = 0,
	R_AARCH64_ABS64 = 257,
	R_AARCH64_PREL32 = 261,
	R_AARCH64_MOVW_UABS_G0_NC = 264,
	R_AARCH64_MOVW_UABS_G1_NC = 266,
	R_AARCH64_MOVW_UABS_G2_NC = 268,
	R_AARCH64_MOVW_UABS_G3 =269,
	R_AARCH64_LD_PREL_LO19 = 273,
	R_AARCH64_ADR_PREL_LO21 = 274,
	R_AARCH64_ADR_PREL_PG_HI21 = 275,
	R_AARCH64_ADD_ABS_LO12_NC = 277,
	R_AARCH64_JUMP26 = 282,
	R_AARCH64_CALL26 = 283,
	R_AARCH64_LDST64_ABS_LO12_NC = 286,
	R_AARCH64_LDST128_ABS_LO12_NC = 299
};

static uint32_t get_bits(uint32_t value, int start, int end)
{
	uint32_t mask = ((uint32_t)1 << (end + 1 - start)) - 1;
	return (value >> start) & mask;
}

void machine_apply_elf_rel(struct mem_ehdr *ehdr, struct mem_sym *UNUSED(sym),
	unsigned long r_type, void *ptr, unsigned long address,
	unsigned long value)
{
	uint64_t *loc64;
	uint32_t *loc32;
	uint64_t *location = (uint64_t *)ptr;
	uint64_t data = *location;
	uint64_t imm;
	const char *type = NULL;

	switch((enum aarch64_rel_type)r_type) {
	case R_AARCH64_ABS64:
		type = "ABS64";
		loc64 = ptr;
		*loc64 = cpu_to_elf64(ehdr, value);
		break;
	case R_AARCH64_PREL32:
		type = "PREL32";
		loc32 = ptr;
		*loc32 = cpu_to_elf32(ehdr, value - address);
		break;

	/* Set a MOV[KZ] immediate field to bits [15:0] of X. No overflow check */
	case R_AARCH64_MOVW_UABS_G0_NC:
		type = "MOVW_UABS_G0_NC";
		loc32 = ptr;
		imm = get_bits(value, 0, 15);
		*loc32 = cpu_to_le32(le32_to_cpu(*loc32) + (imm << 5));
		break;
	/* Set a MOV[KZ] immediate field to bits [31:16] of X. No overflow check */
	case R_AARCH64_MOVW_UABS_G1_NC:
		type = "MOVW_UABS_G1_NC";
		loc32 = ptr;
		imm = get_bits(value, 16, 31);
		*loc32 = cpu_to_le32(le32_to_cpu(*loc32) + (imm << 5));
		break;
	/* Set a MOV[KZ] immediate field to bits [47:32] of X. No overflow check */
	case R_AARCH64_MOVW_UABS_G2_NC:
		type = "MOVW_UABS_G2_NC";
		loc32 = ptr;
		imm = get_bits(value, 32, 47);
		*loc32 = cpu_to_le32(le32_to_cpu(*loc32) + (imm << 5));
		break;
	/* Set a MOV[KZ] immediate field to bits [63:48] of X */
	case R_AARCH64_MOVW_UABS_G3:
		type = "MOVW_UABS_G3";
		loc32 = ptr;
		imm = get_bits(value, 48, 63);
		*loc32 = cpu_to_le32(le32_to_cpu(*loc32) + (imm << 5));
		break;

	case R_AARCH64_LD_PREL_LO19:
		type = "LD_PREL_LO19";
		loc32 = ptr;
		*loc32 = cpu_to_le32(le32_to_cpu(*loc32)
			+ (((value - address) << 3) & 0xffffe0));
		break;
	case R_AARCH64_ADR_PREL_LO21:
		if (value & 3)
			die("%s: ERROR Unaligned value: %lx\n", __func__,
				value);
		type = "ADR_PREL_LO21";
		loc32 = ptr;
		*loc32 = cpu_to_le32(le32_to_cpu(*loc32)
			+ (((value - address) << 3) & 0xffffe0));
		break;
	case R_AARCH64_ADR_PREL_PG_HI21:
		type = "ADR_PREL_PG_HI21";
		imm = ((value & ~0xfff) - (address & ~0xfff)) >> 12;
		loc32 = ptr;
		*loc32 = cpu_to_le32(le32_to_cpu(*loc32)
			+ ((imm & 3) << 29) + ((imm & 0x1ffffc) << (5 - 2)));
		break;
	case R_AARCH64_ADD_ABS_LO12_NC:
		type = "ADD_ABS_LO12_NC";
		loc32 = ptr;
		*loc32 = cpu_to_le32(le32_to_cpu(*loc32)
			+ ((value & 0xfff) << 10));
		break;
	case R_AARCH64_JUMP26:
		type = "JUMP26";
		loc32 = ptr;
		*loc32 = cpu_to_le32(le32_to_cpu(*loc32)
			+ (((value - address) >> 2) & 0x3ffffff));
		break;
	case R_AARCH64_CALL26:
		type = "CALL26";
		loc32 = ptr;
		*loc32 = cpu_to_le32(le32_to_cpu(*loc32)
			+ (((value - address) >> 2) & 0x3ffffff));
		break;
	/* encode imm field with bits [11:3] of value */
	case R_AARCH64_LDST64_ABS_LO12_NC:
		if (value & 7)
			die("%s: ERROR Unaligned value: %lx\n", __func__,
				value);
		type = "LDST64_ABS_LO12_NC";
		loc32 = ptr;
		*loc32 = cpu_to_le32(le32_to_cpu(*loc32)
			+ ((value & 0xff8) << (10 - 3)));
		break;

	/* encode imm field with bits [11:4] of value */
	case R_AARCH64_LDST128_ABS_LO12_NC:
		if (value & 15)
			die("%s: ERROR Unaligned value: %lx\n", __func__,
				value);
		type = "LDST128_ABS_LO12_NC";
		loc32 = ptr;
		imm = value & 0xff0;
		*loc32 = cpu_to_le32(le32_to_cpu(*loc32) + (imm << (10 - 4)));
		break;
	default:
		die("%s: ERROR Unknown type: %lu\n", __func__, r_type);
		break;
	}

	dbgprintf("%s: %s %016lx->%016lx\n", __func__, type, data, *location);
}

void arch_reuse_initrd(void)
{
	reuse_initrd = 1;
}

void arch_update_purgatory(struct kexec_info *UNUSED(info))
{
}

int arch_do_exclude_segment(struct kexec_info *UNUSED(info), struct kexec_segment *UNUSED(segment))
{
	return 0;
}