hw/qdev.c - pub/scm/virt/kvm/qemu-kvm - Git at Google

 /*
  *  Dynamic device configuration and creation.
  *
  *  Copyright (c) 2009 CodeSourcery
  *
  * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
  * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
  * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
  *
  * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  * Lesser General Public License for more details.
  *
  * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
  * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */

 /* The theory here is that it should be possible to create a machine without
    knowledge of specific devices.  Historically board init routines have
    passed a bunch of arguments to each device, requiring the board know
    exactly which device it is dealing with.  This file provides an abstract
    API for device configuration and initialization.  Devices will generally
    inherit from a particular bus (e.g. PCI or I2C) rather than
    this API directly.  */

 #include "net.h"
 #include "qdev.h"
 #include "sysemu.h"
 #include "error.h"

 int qdev_hotplug = 0;
 static bool qdev_hot_added = false;
 static bool qdev_hot_removed = false;

 const VMStateDescription *qdev_get_vmsd(DeviceState *dev)
 {
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev);
     return dc->vmsd;
 }

 const char *qdev_fw_name(DeviceState *dev)
 {
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev);

     if (dc->fw_name) {
         return dc->fw_name;
     }

     return object_get_typename(OBJECT(dev));
 }

 static void qdev_property_add_legacy(DeviceState *dev, Property *prop,
                                      Error **errp);

 static void bus_remove_child(BusState *bus, DeviceState *child)
 {
     BusChild *kid;

     QTAILQ_FOREACH(kid, &bus->children, sibling) {
         if (kid->child == child) {
             char name[32];

             snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "child[%d]", kid->index);
             QTAILQ_REMOVE(&bus->children, kid, sibling);
             object_property_del(OBJECT(bus), name, NULL);
             g_free(kid);
             return;
         }
     }
 }

 static void bus_add_child(BusState *bus, DeviceState *child)
 {
     char name[32];
     BusChild *kid = g_malloc0(sizeof(*kid));

     if (qdev_hotplug) {
         assert(bus->allow_hotplug);
     }

     kid->index = bus->max_index++;
     kid->child = child;

     QTAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&bus->children, kid, sibling);

     snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "child[%d]", kid->index);
     object_property_add_link(OBJECT(bus), name,
                              object_get_typename(OBJECT(child)),
                              (Object **)&kid->child,
                              NULL);
 }

 void qdev_set_parent_bus(DeviceState *dev, BusState *bus)
 {
     dev->parent_bus = bus;
     bus_add_child(bus, dev);
 }

 /* Create a new device.  This only initializes the device state structure
    and allows properties to be set.  qdev_init should be called to
    initialize the actual device emulation.  */
 DeviceState *qdev_create(BusState *bus, const char *name)
 {
     DeviceState *dev;

     dev = qdev_try_create(bus, name);
     if (!dev) {
         if (bus) {
             hw_error("Unknown device '%s' for bus '%s'\n", name,
                      object_get_typename(OBJECT(bus)));
         } else {
             hw_error("Unknown device '%s' for default sysbus\n", name);
         }
     }

     return dev;
 }

 DeviceState *qdev_try_create(BusState *bus, const char *type)
 {
     DeviceState *dev;

     if (object_class_by_name(type) == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
     dev = DEVICE(object_new(type));
     if (!dev) {
         return NULL;
     }

     if (!bus) {
         bus = sysbus_get_default();
     }

     qdev_set_parent_bus(dev, bus);

     return dev;
 }

 /* Initialize a device.  Device properties should be set before calling
    this function.  IRQs and MMIO regions should be connected/mapped after
    calling this function.
    On failure, destroy the device and return negative value.
    Return 0 on success.  */
 int qdev_init(DeviceState *dev)
 {
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev);
     int rc;

     assert(dev->state == DEV_STATE_CREATED);

     rc = dc->init(dev);
     if (rc < 0) {
         qdev_free(dev);
         return rc;
     }

     if (!OBJECT(dev)->parent) {
         static int unattached_count = 0;
         gchar *name = g_strdup_printf("device[%d]", unattached_count++);

         object_property_add_child(container_get(qdev_get_machine(),
                                                 "/unattached"),
                                   name, OBJECT(dev), NULL);
         g_free(name);
     }

     if (qdev_get_vmsd(dev)) {
         vmstate_register_with_alias_id(dev, -1, qdev_get_vmsd(dev), dev,
                                        dev->instance_id_alias,
                                        dev->alias_required_for_version);
     }
     dev->state = DEV_STATE_INITIALIZED;
     if (dev->hotplugged) {
         device_reset(dev);
     }
     return 0;
 }

 void qdev_set_legacy_instance_id(DeviceState *dev, int alias_id,
                                  int required_for_version)
 {
     assert(dev->state == DEV_STATE_CREATED);
     dev->instance_id_alias = alias_id;
     dev->alias_required_for_version = required_for_version;
 }

 void qdev_unplug(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev);

     if (!dev->parent_bus->allow_hotplug) {
         error_set(errp, QERR_BUS_NO_HOTPLUG, dev->parent_bus->name);
         return;
     }
     assert(dc->unplug != NULL);

     qdev_hot_removed = true;

     if (dc->unplug(dev) < 0) {
         error_set(errp, QERR_UNDEFINED_ERROR);
         return;
     }
 }

 static int qdev_reset_one(DeviceState *dev, void *opaque)
 {
     device_reset(dev);

     return 0;
 }

 static int qbus_reset_one(BusState *bus, void *opaque)
 {
     BusClass *bc = BUS_GET_CLASS(bus);
     if (bc->reset) {
         return bc->reset(bus);
     }
     return 0;
 }

 void qdev_reset_all(DeviceState *dev)
 {
     qdev_walk_children(dev, qdev_reset_one, qbus_reset_one, NULL);
 }

 void qbus_reset_all_fn(void *opaque)
 {
     BusState *bus = opaque;
     qbus_walk_children(bus, qdev_reset_one, qbus_reset_one, NULL);
 }

 /* can be used as ->unplug() callback for the simple cases */
 int qdev_simple_unplug_cb(DeviceState *dev)
 {
     /* just zap it */
     qdev_free(dev);
     return 0;
 }


 /* Like qdev_init(), but terminate program via error_report() instead of
    returning an error value.  This is okay during machine creation.
    Don't use for hotplug, because there callers need to recover from
    failure.  Exception: if you know the device's init() callback can't
    fail, then qdev_init_nofail() can't fail either, and is therefore
    usable even then.  But relying on the device implementation that
    way is somewhat unclean, and best avoided.  */
 void qdev_init_nofail(DeviceState *dev)
 {
     const char *typename = object_get_typename(OBJECT(dev));

     if (qdev_init(dev) < 0) {
         error_report("Initialization of device %s failed", typename);
         exit(1);
     }
 }

 /* Unlink device from bus and free the structure.  */
 void qdev_free(DeviceState *dev)
 {
     object_delete(OBJECT(dev));
 }

 void qdev_machine_creation_done(void)
 {
     /*
      * ok, initial machine setup is done, starting from now we can
      * only create hotpluggable devices
      */
     qdev_hotplug = 1;
 }

 bool qdev_machine_modified(void)
 {
     return qdev_hot_added || qdev_hot_removed;
 }

 BusState *qdev_get_parent_bus(DeviceState *dev)
 {
     return dev->parent_bus;
 }

 void qdev_init_gpio_in(DeviceState *dev, qemu_irq_handler handler, int n)
 {
     dev->gpio_in = qemu_extend_irqs(dev->gpio_in, dev->num_gpio_in, handler,
                                         dev, n);
     dev->num_gpio_in += n;
 }

 void qdev_init_gpio_out(DeviceState *dev, qemu_irq *pins, int n)
 {
     assert(dev->num_gpio_out == 0);
     dev->num_gpio_out = n;
     dev->gpio_out = pins;
 }

 qemu_irq qdev_get_gpio_in(DeviceState *dev, int n)
 {
     assert(n >= 0 && n < dev->num_gpio_in);
     return dev->gpio_in[n];
 }

 void qdev_connect_gpio_out(DeviceState * dev, int n, qemu_irq pin)
 {
     assert(n >= 0 && n < dev->num_gpio_out);
     dev->gpio_out[n] = pin;
 }

 void qdev_set_nic_properties(DeviceState *dev, NICInfo *nd)
 {
     qdev_prop_set_macaddr(dev, "mac", nd->macaddr.a);
     if (nd->netdev)
         qdev_prop_set_netdev(dev, "netdev", nd->netdev);
     if (nd->nvectors != DEV_NVECTORS_UNSPECIFIED &&
         object_property_find(OBJECT(dev), "vectors", NULL)) {
         qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "vectors", nd->nvectors);
     }
     nd->instantiated = 1;
 }

 BusState *qdev_get_child_bus(DeviceState *dev, const char *name)
 {
     BusState *bus;

     QLIST_FOREACH(bus, &dev->child_bus, sibling) {
         if (strcmp(name, bus->name) == 0) {
             return bus;
         }
     }
     return NULL;
 }

 int qbus_walk_children(BusState *bus, qdev_walkerfn *devfn,
                        qbus_walkerfn *busfn, void *opaque)
 {
     BusChild *kid;
     int err;

     if (busfn) {
         err = busfn(bus, opaque);
         if (err) {
             return err;
         }
     }

     QTAILQ_FOREACH(kid, &bus->children, sibling) {
         err = qdev_walk_children(kid->child, devfn, busfn, opaque);
         if (err < 0) {
             return err;
         }
     }

     return 0;
 }

 int qdev_walk_children(DeviceState *dev, qdev_walkerfn *devfn,
                        qbus_walkerfn *busfn, void *opaque)
 {
     BusState *bus;
     int err;

     if (devfn) {
         err = devfn(dev, opaque);
         if (err) {
             return err;
         }
     }

     QLIST_FOREACH(bus, &dev->child_bus, sibling) {
         err = qbus_walk_children(bus, devfn, busfn, opaque);
         if (err < 0) {
             return err;
         }
     }

     return 0;
 }

 DeviceState *qdev_find_recursive(BusState *bus, const char *id)
 {
     BusChild *kid;
     DeviceState *ret;
     BusState *child;

     QTAILQ_FOREACH(kid, &bus->children, sibling) {
         DeviceState *dev = kid->child;

         if (dev->id && strcmp(dev->id, id) == 0) {
             return dev;
         }

         QLIST_FOREACH(child, &dev->child_bus, sibling) {
             ret = qdev_find_recursive(child, id);
             if (ret) {
                 return ret;
             }
         }
     }
     return NULL;
 }

 static void qbus_realize(BusState *bus)
 {
     const char *typename = object_get_typename(OBJECT(bus));
     char *buf;
     int i,len;

     if (bus->name) {
         /* use supplied name */
     } else if (bus->parent && bus->parent->id) {
         /* parent device has id -> use it for bus name */
         len = strlen(bus->parent->id) + 16;
         buf = g_malloc(len);
         snprintf(buf, len, "%s.%d", bus->parent->id, bus->parent->num_child_bus);
         bus->name = buf;
     } else {
         /* no id -> use lowercase bus type for bus name */
         len = strlen(typename) + 16;
         buf = g_malloc(len);
         len = snprintf(buf, len, "%s.%d", typename,
                        bus->parent ? bus->parent->num_child_bus : 0);
         for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
             buf[i] = qemu_tolower(buf[i]);
         bus->name = buf;
     }

     if (bus->parent) {
         QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&bus->parent->child_bus, bus, sibling);
         bus->parent->num_child_bus++;
         object_property_add_child(OBJECT(bus->parent), bus->name, OBJECT(bus), NULL);
     } else if (bus != sysbus_get_default()) {
         /* TODO: once all bus devices are qdevified,
            only reset handler for main_system_bus should be registered here. */
         qemu_register_reset(qbus_reset_all_fn, bus);
     }
 }

 void qbus_create_inplace(BusState *bus, const char *typename,
                          DeviceState *parent, const char *name)
 {
     object_initialize(bus, typename);

     bus->parent = parent;
     bus->name = name ? g_strdup(name) : NULL;
     qbus_realize(bus);
 }

 BusState *qbus_create(const char *typename, DeviceState *parent, const char *name)
 {
     BusState *bus;

     bus = BUS(object_new(typename));
     bus->qom_allocated = true;

     bus->parent = parent;
     bus->name = name ? g_strdup(name) : NULL;
     qbus_realize(bus);

     return bus;
 }

 void qbus_free(BusState *bus)
 {
     if (bus->qom_allocated) {
         object_delete(OBJECT(bus));
     } else {
         object_finalize(OBJECT(bus));
         if (bus->glib_allocated) {
             g_free(bus);
         }
     }
 }

 static char *bus_get_fw_dev_path(BusState *bus, DeviceState *dev)
 {
     BusClass *bc = BUS_GET_CLASS(bus);

     if (bc->get_fw_dev_path) {
         return bc->get_fw_dev_path(dev);
     }

     return NULL;
 }

 static int qdev_get_fw_dev_path_helper(DeviceState *dev, char *p, int size)
 {
     int l = 0;

     if (dev && dev->parent_bus) {
         char *d;
         l = qdev_get_fw_dev_path_helper(dev->parent_bus->parent, p, size);
         d = bus_get_fw_dev_path(dev->parent_bus, dev);
         if (d) {
             l += snprintf(p + l, size - l, "%s", d);
             g_free(d);
         } else {
             l += snprintf(p + l, size - l, "%s", object_get_typename(OBJECT(dev)));
         }
     }
     l += snprintf(p + l , size - l, "/");

     return l;
 }

 char* qdev_get_fw_dev_path(DeviceState *dev)
 {
     char path[128];
     int l;

     l = qdev_get_fw_dev_path_helper(dev, path, 128);

     path[l-1] = '\0';

     return g_strdup(path);
 }

 char *qdev_get_dev_path(DeviceState *dev)
 {
     BusClass *bc;

     if (!dev || !dev->parent_bus) {
         return NULL;
     }

     bc = BUS_GET_CLASS(dev->parent_bus);
     if (bc->get_dev_path) {
         return bc->get_dev_path(dev);
     }

     return NULL;
 }

 /**
  * Legacy property handling
  */

 static void qdev_get_legacy_property(Object *obj, Visitor *v, void *opaque,
                                      const char *name, Error **errp)
 {
     DeviceState *dev = DEVICE(obj);
     Property *prop = opaque;

     char buffer[1024];
     char *ptr = buffer;

     prop->info->print(dev, prop, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
     visit_type_str(v, &ptr, name, errp);
 }

 static void qdev_set_legacy_property(Object *obj, Visitor *v, void *opaque,
                                      const char *name, Error **errp)
 {
     DeviceState *dev = DEVICE(obj);
     Property *prop = opaque;
     Error *local_err = NULL;
     char *ptr = NULL;
     int ret;

     if (dev->state != DEV_STATE_CREATED) {
         error_set(errp, QERR_PERMISSION_DENIED);
         return;
     }

     visit_type_str(v, &ptr, name, &local_err);
     if (local_err) {
         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
         return;
     }

     ret = prop->info->parse(dev, prop, ptr);
     error_set_from_qdev_prop_error(errp, ret, dev, prop, ptr);
     g_free(ptr);
 }

 /**
  * @qdev_add_legacy_property - adds a legacy property
  *
  * Do not use this is new code!  Properties added through this interface will
  * be given names and types in the "legacy" namespace.
  *
  * Legacy properties are string versions of other OOM properties.  The format
  * of the string depends on the property type.
  */
 void qdev_property_add_legacy(DeviceState *dev, Property *prop,
                               Error **errp)
 {
     gchar *name, *type;

     /* Register pointer properties as legacy properties */
     if (!prop->info->print && !prop->info->parse &&
         (prop->info->set || prop->info->get)) {
         return;
     }

     name = g_strdup_printf("legacy-%s", prop->name);
     type = g_strdup_printf("legacy<%s>",
                            prop->info->legacy_name ?: prop->info->name);

     object_property_add(OBJECT(dev), name, type,
                         prop->info->print ? qdev_get_legacy_property : prop->info->get,
                         prop->info->parse ? qdev_set_legacy_property : prop->info->set,
                         NULL,
                         prop, errp);

     g_free(type);
     g_free(name);
 }

 /**
  * @qdev_property_add_static - add a @Property to a device.
  *
  * Static properties access data in a struct.  The actual type of the
  * property and the field depends on the property type.
  */
 void qdev_property_add_static(DeviceState *dev, Property *prop,
                               Error **errp)
 {
     Error *local_err = NULL;
     Object *obj = OBJECT(dev);

     /*
      * TODO qdev_prop_ptr does not have getters or setters.  It must
      * go now that it can be replaced with links.  The test should be
      * removed along with it: all static properties are read/write.
      */
     if (!prop->info->get && !prop->info->set) {
         return;
     }

     object_property_add(obj, prop->name, prop->info->name,
                         prop->info->get, prop->info->set,
                         prop->info->release,
                         prop, &local_err);

     if (local_err) {
         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
         return;
     }
     if (prop->qtype == QTYPE_NONE) {
         return;
     }

     if (prop->qtype == QTYPE_QBOOL) {
         object_property_set_bool(obj, prop->defval, prop->name, &local_err);
     } else if (prop->info->enum_table) {
         object_property_set_str(obj, prop->info->enum_table[prop->defval],
                                 prop->name, &local_err);
     } else if (prop->qtype == QTYPE_QINT) {
         object_property_set_int(obj, prop->defval, prop->name, &local_err);
     }
     assert_no_error(local_err);
 }

 static void device_initfn(Object *obj)
 {
     DeviceState *dev = DEVICE(obj);
     ObjectClass *class;
     Property *prop;

     if (qdev_hotplug) {
         dev->hotplugged = 1;
         qdev_hot_added = true;
     }

     dev->instance_id_alias = -1;
     dev->state = DEV_STATE_CREATED;

     class = object_get_class(OBJECT(dev));
     do {
         for (prop = DEVICE_CLASS(class)->props; prop && prop->name; prop++) {
             qdev_property_add_legacy(dev, prop, NULL);
             qdev_property_add_static(dev, prop, NULL);
         }
         class = object_class_get_parent(class);
     } while (class != object_class_by_name(TYPE_DEVICE));
     qdev_prop_set_globals(dev);

     object_property_add_link(OBJECT(dev), "parent_bus", TYPE_BUS,
                              (Object **)&dev->parent_bus, NULL);
 }

 /* Unlink device from bus and free the structure.  */
 static void device_finalize(Object *obj)
 {
     DeviceState *dev = DEVICE(obj);
     BusState *bus;
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev);

     if (dev->state == DEV_STATE_INITIALIZED) {
         while (dev->num_child_bus) {
             bus = QLIST_FIRST(&dev->child_bus);
             qbus_free(bus);
         }
         if (qdev_get_vmsd(dev)) {
             vmstate_unregister(dev, qdev_get_vmsd(dev), dev);
         }
         if (dc->exit) {
             dc->exit(dev);
         }
         if (dev->opts) {
             qemu_opts_del(dev->opts);
         }
     }
     if (dev->parent_bus) {
         bus_remove_child(dev->parent_bus, dev);
     }
 }

 static void device_class_base_init(ObjectClass *class, void *data)
 {
     DeviceClass *klass = DEVICE_CLASS(class);

     /* We explicitly look up properties in the superclasses,
      * so do not propagate them to the subclasses.
      */
     klass->props = NULL;
 }

 void device_reset(DeviceState *dev)
 {
     DeviceClass *klass = DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev);

     if (klass->reset) {
         klass->reset(dev);
     }
 }

 Object *qdev_get_machine(void)
 {
     static Object *dev;

     if (dev == NULL) {
         dev = container_get(object_get_root(), "/machine");
     }

     return dev;
 }

 static TypeInfo device_type_info = {
     .name = TYPE_DEVICE,
     .parent = TYPE_OBJECT,
     .instance_size = sizeof(DeviceState),
     .instance_init = device_initfn,
     .instance_finalize = device_finalize,
     .class_base_init = device_class_base_init,
     .abstract = true,
     .class_size = sizeof(DeviceClass),
 };

 static void qbus_initfn(Object *obj)
 {
     BusState *bus = BUS(obj);

     QTAILQ_INIT(&bus->children);
 }

 static void qbus_finalize(Object *obj)
 {
     BusState *bus = BUS(obj);
     BusChild *kid;

     while ((kid = QTAILQ_FIRST(&bus->children)) != NULL) {
         DeviceState *dev = kid->child;
         qdev_free(dev);
     }
     if (bus->parent) {
         QLIST_REMOVE(bus, sibling);
         bus->parent->num_child_bus--;
     } else {
         assert(bus != sysbus_get_default()); /* main_system_bus is never freed */
         qemu_unregister_reset(qbus_reset_all_fn, bus);
     }
     g_free((char *)bus->name);
 }

 static const TypeInfo bus_info = {
     .name = TYPE_BUS,
     .parent = TYPE_OBJECT,
     .instance_size = sizeof(BusState),
     .abstract = true,
     .class_size = sizeof(BusClass),
     .instance_init = qbus_initfn,
     .instance_finalize = qbus_finalize,
 };

 static void qdev_register_types(void)
 {
     type_register_static(&bus_info);
     type_register_static(&device_type_info);
 }

 type_init(qdev_register_types)
	/*
	* Dynamic device configuration and creation.
	*
	* Copyright (c) 2009 CodeSourcery
	*
	* This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
	* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
	* License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
	* version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
	*
	* This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
	* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
	* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
	* Lesser General Public License for more details.
	*
	* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
	* License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	*/

	/* The theory here is that it should be possible to create a machine without
	knowledge of specific devices. Historically board init routines have
	passed a bunch of arguments to each device, requiring the board know
	exactly which device it is dealing with. This file provides an abstract
	API for device configuration and initialization. Devices will generally
	inherit from a particular bus (e.g. PCI or I2C) rather than
	this API directly. */

	#include "net.h"
	#include "qdev.h"
	#include "sysemu.h"
	#include "error.h"

	int qdev_hotplug = 0;
	static bool qdev_hot_added = false;
	static bool qdev_hot_removed = false;

	const VMStateDescription qdev_get_vmsd(DeviceState dev)
	{
	DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev);
	return dc->vmsd;
	}

	const char qdev_fw_name(DeviceState dev)
	{
	DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev);

	if (dc->fw_name) {
	return dc->fw_name;
	}

	return object_get_typename(OBJECT(dev));
	}

	static void qdev_property_add_legacy(DeviceState dev, Property prop,
	Error **errp);

	static void bus_remove_child(BusState bus, DeviceState child)
	{
	BusChild *kid;

	QTAILQ_FOREACH(kid, &bus->children, sibling) {
	if (kid->child == child) {
	char name[32];

	snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "child[%d]", kid->index);
	QTAILQ_REMOVE(&bus->children, kid, sibling);
	object_property_del(OBJECT(bus), name, NULL);
	g_free(kid);
	return;
	}
	}
	}

	static void bus_add_child(BusState bus, DeviceState child)
	{
	char name[32];
	BusChild kid = g_malloc0(sizeof(kid));

	if (qdev_hotplug) {
	assert(bus->allow_hotplug);
	}

	kid->index = bus->max_index++;
	kid->child = child;

	QTAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&bus->children, kid, sibling);

	snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "child[%d]", kid->index);
	object_property_add_link(OBJECT(bus), name,
	object_get_typename(OBJECT(child)),
	(Object **)&kid->child,
	NULL);
	}

	void qdev_set_parent_bus(DeviceState dev, BusState bus)
	{
	dev->parent_bus = bus;
	bus_add_child(bus, dev);
	}

	/* Create a new device. This only initializes the device state structure
	and allows properties to be set. qdev_init should be called to
	initialize the actual device emulation. */
	DeviceState qdev_create(BusState bus, const char *name)
	{
	DeviceState *dev;

	dev = qdev_try_create(bus, name);
	if (!dev) {
	if (bus) {
	hw_error("Unknown device '%s' for bus '%s'\n", name,
	object_get_typename(OBJECT(bus)));
	} else {
	hw_error("Unknown device '%s' for default sysbus\n", name);
	}
	}

	return dev;
	}

	DeviceState qdev_try_create(BusState bus, const char *type)
	{
	DeviceState *dev;

	if (object_class_by_name(type) == NULL) {
	return NULL;
	}
	dev = DEVICE(object_new(type));
	if (!dev) {
	return NULL;
	}

	if (!bus) {
	bus = sysbus_get_default();
	}

	qdev_set_parent_bus(dev, bus);

	return dev;
	}

	/* Initialize a device. Device properties should be set before calling
	this function. IRQs and MMIO regions should be connected/mapped after
	calling this function.
	On failure, destroy the device and return negative value.
	Return 0 on success. */
	int qdev_init(DeviceState *dev)
	{
	DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev);
	int rc;

	assert(dev->state == DEV_STATE_CREATED);

	rc = dc->init(dev);
	if (rc < 0) {
	qdev_free(dev);
	return rc;
	}

	if (!OBJECT(dev)->parent) {
	static int unattached_count = 0;
	gchar *name = g_strdup_printf("device[%d]", unattached_count++);

	object_property_add_child(container_get(qdev_get_machine(),
	"/unattached"),
	name, OBJECT(dev), NULL);
	g_free(name);
	}

	if (qdev_get_vmsd(dev)) {
	vmstate_register_with_alias_id(dev, -1, qdev_get_vmsd(dev), dev,
	dev->instance_id_alias,
	dev->alias_required_for_version);
	}
	dev->state = DEV_STATE_INITIALIZED;
	if (dev->hotplugged) {
	device_reset(dev);
	}
	return 0;
	}

	void qdev_set_legacy_instance_id(DeviceState *dev, int alias_id,
	int required_for_version)
	{
	assert(dev->state == DEV_STATE_CREATED);
	dev->instance_id_alias = alias_id;
	dev->alias_required_for_version = required_for_version;
	}

	void qdev_unplug(DeviceState dev, Error *errp)
	{
	DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev);

	if (!dev->parent_bus->allow_hotplug) {
	error_set(errp, QERR_BUS_NO_HOTPLUG, dev->parent_bus->name);
	return;
	}
	assert(dc->unplug != NULL);

	qdev_hot_removed = true;

	if (dc->unplug(dev) < 0) {
	error_set(errp, QERR_UNDEFINED_ERROR);
	return;
	}
	}

	static int qdev_reset_one(DeviceState dev, void opaque)
	{
	device_reset(dev);

	return 0;
	}

	static int qbus_reset_one(BusState bus, void opaque)
	{
	BusClass *bc = BUS_GET_CLASS(bus);
	if (bc->reset) {
	return bc->reset(bus);
	}
	return 0;
	}

	void qdev_reset_all(DeviceState *dev)
	{
	qdev_walk_children(dev, qdev_reset_one, qbus_reset_one, NULL);
	}

	void qbus_reset_all_fn(void *opaque)
	{
	BusState *bus = opaque;
	qbus_walk_children(bus, qdev_reset_one, qbus_reset_one, NULL);
	}

	/* can be used as ->unplug() callback for the simple cases */
	int qdev_simple_unplug_cb(DeviceState *dev)
	{
	/* just zap it */
	qdev_free(dev);
	return 0;
	}


	/* Like qdev_init(), but terminate program via error_report() instead of
	returning an error value. This is okay during machine creation.
	Don't use for hotplug, because there callers need to recover from
	failure. Exception: if you know the device's init() callback can't
	fail, then qdev_init_nofail() can't fail either, and is therefore
	usable even then. But relying on the device implementation that
	way is somewhat unclean, and best avoided. */
	void qdev_init_nofail(DeviceState *dev)
	{
	const char *typename = object_get_typename(OBJECT(dev));

	if (qdev_init(dev) < 0) {
	error_report("Initialization of device %s failed", typename);
	exit(1);
	}
	}

	/* Unlink device from bus and free the structure. */
	void qdev_free(DeviceState *dev)
	{
	object_delete(OBJECT(dev));
	}

	void qdev_machine_creation_done(void)
	{
	/*
	* ok, initial machine setup is done, starting from now we can
	* only create hotpluggable devices
	*/
	qdev_hotplug = 1;
	}

	bool qdev_machine_modified(void)
	{
	return qdev_hot_added \|\| qdev_hot_removed;
	}

	BusState qdev_get_parent_bus(DeviceState dev)
	{
	return dev->parent_bus;
	}

	void qdev_init_gpio_in(DeviceState *dev, qemu_irq_handler handler, int n)
	{
	dev->gpio_in = qemu_extend_irqs(dev->gpio_in, dev->num_gpio_in, handler,
	dev, n);
	dev->num_gpio_in += n;
	}

	void qdev_init_gpio_out(DeviceState dev, qemu_irq pins, int n)
	{
	assert(dev->num_gpio_out == 0);
	dev->num_gpio_out = n;
	dev->gpio_out = pins;
	}

	qemu_irq qdev_get_gpio_in(DeviceState *dev, int n)
	{
	assert(n >= 0 && n < dev->num_gpio_in);
	return dev->gpio_in[n];
	}

	void qdev_connect_gpio_out(DeviceState * dev, int n, qemu_irq pin)
	{
	assert(n >= 0 && n < dev->num_gpio_out);
	dev->gpio_out[n] = pin;
	}

	void qdev_set_nic_properties(DeviceState dev, NICInfo nd)
	{
	qdev_prop_set_macaddr(dev, "mac", nd->macaddr.a);
	if (nd->netdev)
	qdev_prop_set_netdev(dev, "netdev", nd->netdev);
	if (nd->nvectors != DEV_NVECTORS_UNSPECIFIED &&
	object_property_find(OBJECT(dev), "vectors", NULL)) {
	qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "vectors", nd->nvectors);
	}
	nd->instantiated = 1;
	}

	BusState qdev_get_child_bus(DeviceState dev, const char *name)
	{
	BusState *bus;

	QLIST_FOREACH(bus, &dev->child_bus, sibling) {
	if (strcmp(name, bus->name) == 0) {
	return bus;
	}
	}
	return NULL;
	}

	int qbus_walk_children(BusState bus, qdev_walkerfn devfn,
	qbus_walkerfn busfn, void opaque)
	{
	BusChild *kid;
	int err;

	if (busfn) {
	err = busfn(bus, opaque);
	if (err) {
	return err;
	}
	}

	QTAILQ_FOREACH(kid, &bus->children, sibling) {
	err = qdev_walk_children(kid->child, devfn, busfn, opaque);
	if (err < 0) {
	return err;
	}
	}

	return 0;
	}

	int qdev_walk_children(DeviceState dev, qdev_walkerfn devfn,
	qbus_walkerfn busfn, void opaque)
	{
	BusState *bus;
	int err;

	if (devfn) {
	err = devfn(dev, opaque);
	if (err) {
	return err;
	}
	}

	QLIST_FOREACH(bus, &dev->child_bus, sibling) {
	err = qbus_walk_children(bus, devfn, busfn, opaque);
	if (err < 0) {
	return err;
	}
	}

	return 0;
	}

	DeviceState qdev_find_recursive(BusState bus, const char *id)
	{
	BusChild *kid;
	DeviceState *ret;
	BusState *child;

	QTAILQ_FOREACH(kid, &bus->children, sibling) {
	DeviceState *dev = kid->child;

	if (dev->id && strcmp(dev->id, id) == 0) {
	return dev;
	}

	QLIST_FOREACH(child, &dev->child_bus, sibling) {
	ret = qdev_find_recursive(child, id);
	if (ret) {
	return ret;
	}
	}
	}
	return NULL;
	}

	static void qbus_realize(BusState *bus)
	{
	const char *typename = object_get_typename(OBJECT(bus));
	char *buf;
	int i,len;

	if (bus->name) {
	/* use supplied name */
	} else if (bus->parent && bus->parent->id) {
	/* parent device has id -> use it for bus name */
	len = strlen(bus->parent->id) + 16;
	buf = g_malloc(len);
	snprintf(buf, len, "%s.%d", bus->parent->id, bus->parent->num_child_bus);
	bus->name = buf;
	} else {
	/* no id -> use lowercase bus type for bus name */
	len = strlen(typename) + 16;
	buf = g_malloc(len);
	len = snprintf(buf, len, "%s.%d", typename,
	bus->parent ? bus->parent->num_child_bus : 0);
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
	buf[i] = qemu_tolower(buf[i]);
	bus->name = buf;
	}

	if (bus->parent) {
	QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&bus->parent->child_bus, bus, sibling);
	bus->parent->num_child_bus++;
	object_property_add_child(OBJECT(bus->parent), bus->name, OBJECT(bus), NULL);
	} else if (bus != sysbus_get_default()) {
	/* TODO: once all bus devices are qdevified,
	only reset handler for main_system_bus should be registered here. */
	qemu_register_reset(qbus_reset_all_fn, bus);
	}
	}

	void qbus_create_inplace(BusState bus, const char typename,
	DeviceState parent, const char name)
	{
	object_initialize(bus, typename);

	bus->parent = parent;
	bus->name = name ? g_strdup(name) : NULL;
	qbus_realize(bus);
	}

	BusState qbus_create(const char typename, DeviceState parent, const char name)
	{
	BusState *bus;

	bus = BUS(object_new(typename));
	bus->qom_allocated = true;

	bus->parent = parent;
	bus->name = name ? g_strdup(name) : NULL;
	qbus_realize(bus);

	return bus;
	}

	void qbus_free(BusState *bus)
	{
	if (bus->qom_allocated) {
	object_delete(OBJECT(bus));
	} else {
	object_finalize(OBJECT(bus));
	if (bus->glib_allocated) {
	g_free(bus);
	}
	}
	}

	static char bus_get_fw_dev_path(BusState bus, DeviceState *dev)
	{
	BusClass *bc = BUS_GET_CLASS(bus);

	if (bc->get_fw_dev_path) {
	return bc->get_fw_dev_path(dev);
	}

	return NULL;
	}

	static int qdev_get_fw_dev_path_helper(DeviceState dev, char p, int size)
	{
	int l = 0;

	if (dev && dev->parent_bus) {
	char *d;
	l = qdev_get_fw_dev_path_helper(dev->parent_bus->parent, p, size);
	d = bus_get_fw_dev_path(dev->parent_bus, dev);
	if (d) {
	l += snprintf(p + l, size - l, "%s", d);
	g_free(d);
	} else {
	l += snprintf(p + l, size - l, "%s", object_get_typename(OBJECT(dev)));
	}
	}
	l += snprintf(p + l , size - l, "/");

	return l;
	}

	char* qdev_get_fw_dev_path(DeviceState *dev)
	{
	char path[128];
	int l;

	l = qdev_get_fw_dev_path_helper(dev, path, 128);

	path[l-1] = '\0';

	return g_strdup(path);
	}

	char qdev_get_dev_path(DeviceState dev)
	{
	BusClass *bc;

	if (!dev \|\| !dev->parent_bus) {
	return NULL;
	}

	bc = BUS_GET_CLASS(dev->parent_bus);
	if (bc->get_dev_path) {
	return bc->get_dev_path(dev);
	}

	return NULL;
	}

	/**
	* Legacy property handling
	*/

	static void qdev_get_legacy_property(Object obj, Visitor v, void *opaque,
	const char name, Error *errp)
	{
	DeviceState *dev = DEVICE(obj);
	Property *prop = opaque;

	char buffer[1024];
	char *ptr = buffer;

	prop->info->print(dev, prop, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
	visit_type_str(v, &ptr, name, errp);
	}

	static void qdev_set_legacy_property(Object obj, Visitor v, void *opaque,
	const char name, Error *errp)
	{
	DeviceState *dev = DEVICE(obj);
	Property *prop = opaque;
	Error *local_err = NULL;
	char *ptr = NULL;
	int ret;

	if (dev->state != DEV_STATE_CREATED) {
	error_set(errp, QERR_PERMISSION_DENIED);
	return;
	}

	visit_type_str(v, &ptr, name, &local_err);
	if (local_err) {
	error_propagate(errp, local_err);
	return;
	}

	ret = prop->info->parse(dev, prop, ptr);
	error_set_from_qdev_prop_error(errp, ret, dev, prop, ptr);
	g_free(ptr);
	}

	/**
	* @qdev_add_legacy_property - adds a legacy property
	*
	* Do not use this is new code! Properties added through this interface will
	* be given names and types in the "legacy" namespace.
	*
	* Legacy properties are string versions of other OOM properties. The format
	* of the string depends on the property type.
	*/
	void qdev_property_add_legacy(DeviceState dev, Property prop,
	Error **errp)
	{
	gchar name, type;

	/* Register pointer properties as legacy properties */
	if (!prop->info->print && !prop->info->parse &&
	(prop->info->set \|\| prop->info->get)) {
	return;
	}

	name = g_strdup_printf("legacy-%s", prop->name);
	type = g_strdup_printf("legacy<%s>",
	prop->info->legacy_name ?: prop->info->name);

	object_property_add(OBJECT(dev), name, type,
	prop->info->print ? qdev_get_legacy_property : prop->info->get,
	prop->info->parse ? qdev_set_legacy_property : prop->info->set,
	NULL,
	prop, errp);

	g_free(type);
	g_free(name);
	}

	/**
	* @qdev_property_add_static - add a @Property to a device.
	*
	* Static properties access data in a struct. The actual type of the
	* property and the field depends on the property type.
	*/
	void qdev_property_add_static(DeviceState dev, Property prop,
	Error **errp)
	{
	Error *local_err = NULL;
	Object *obj = OBJECT(dev);

	/*
	* TODO qdev_prop_ptr does not have getters or setters. It must
	* go now that it can be replaced with links. The test should be
	* removed along with it: all static properties are read/write.
	*/
	if (!prop->info->get && !prop->info->set) {
	return;
	}

	object_property_add(obj, prop->name, prop->info->name,
	prop->info->get, prop->info->set,
	prop->info->release,
	prop, &local_err);

	if (local_err) {
	error_propagate(errp, local_err);
	return;
	}
	if (prop->qtype == QTYPE_NONE) {
	return;
	}

	if (prop->qtype == QTYPE_QBOOL) {
	object_property_set_bool(obj, prop->defval, prop->name, &local_err);
	} else if (prop->info->enum_table) {
	object_property_set_str(obj, prop->info->enum_table[prop->defval],
	prop->name, &local_err);
	} else if (prop->qtype == QTYPE_QINT) {
	object_property_set_int(obj, prop->defval, prop->name, &local_err);
	}
	assert_no_error(local_err);
	}

	static void device_initfn(Object *obj)
	{
	DeviceState *dev = DEVICE(obj);
	ObjectClass *class;
	Property *prop;

	if (qdev_hotplug) {
	dev->hotplugged = 1;
	qdev_hot_added = true;
	}

	dev->instance_id_alias = -1;
	dev->state = DEV_STATE_CREATED;

	class = object_get_class(OBJECT(dev));
	do {
	for (prop = DEVICE_CLASS(class)->props; prop && prop->name; prop++) {
	qdev_property_add_legacy(dev, prop, NULL);
	qdev_property_add_static(dev, prop, NULL);
	}
	class = object_class_get_parent(class);
	} while (class != object_class_by_name(TYPE_DEVICE));
	qdev_prop_set_globals(dev);

	object_property_add_link(OBJECT(dev), "parent_bus", TYPE_BUS,
	(Object **)&dev->parent_bus, NULL);
	}

	/* Unlink device from bus and free the structure. */
	static void device_finalize(Object *obj)
	{
	DeviceState *dev = DEVICE(obj);
	BusState *bus;
	DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev);

	if (dev->state == DEV_STATE_INITIALIZED) {
	while (dev->num_child_bus) {
	bus = QLIST_FIRST(&dev->child_bus);
	qbus_free(bus);
	}
	if (qdev_get_vmsd(dev)) {
	vmstate_unregister(dev, qdev_get_vmsd(dev), dev);
	}
	if (dc->exit) {
	dc->exit(dev);
	}
	if (dev->opts) {
	qemu_opts_del(dev->opts);
	}
	}
	if (dev->parent_bus) {
	bus_remove_child(dev->parent_bus, dev);
	}
	}

	static void device_class_base_init(ObjectClass class, void data)
	{
	DeviceClass *klass = DEVICE_CLASS(class);

	/* We explicitly look up properties in the superclasses,
	* so do not propagate them to the subclasses.
	*/
	klass->props = NULL;
	}

	void device_reset(DeviceState *dev)
	{
	DeviceClass *klass = DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev);

	if (klass->reset) {
	klass->reset(dev);
	}
	}

	Object *qdev_get_machine(void)
	{
	static Object *dev;

	if (dev == NULL) {
	dev = container_get(object_get_root(), "/machine");
	}

	return dev;
	}

	static TypeInfo device_type_info = {
	.name = TYPE_DEVICE,
	.parent = TYPE_OBJECT,
	.instance_size = sizeof(DeviceState),
	.instance_init = device_initfn,
	.instance_finalize = device_finalize,
	.class_base_init = device_class_base_init,
	.abstract = true,
	.class_size = sizeof(DeviceClass),
	};

	static void qbus_initfn(Object *obj)
	{
	BusState *bus = BUS(obj);

	QTAILQ_INIT(&bus->children);
	}

	static void qbus_finalize(Object *obj)
	{
	BusState *bus = BUS(obj);
	BusChild *kid;

	while ((kid = QTAILQ_FIRST(&bus->children)) != NULL) {
	DeviceState *dev = kid->child;
	qdev_free(dev);
	}
	if (bus->parent) {
	QLIST_REMOVE(bus, sibling);
	bus->parent->num_child_bus--;
	} else {
	assert(bus != sysbus_get_default()); /* main_system_bus is never freed */
	qemu_unregister_reset(qbus_reset_all_fn, bus);
	}
	g_free((char *)bus->name);
	}

	static const TypeInfo bus_info = {
	.name = TYPE_BUS,
	.parent = TYPE_OBJECT,
	.instance_size = sizeof(BusState),
	.abstract = true,
	.class_size = sizeof(BusClass),
	.instance_init = qbus_initfn,
	.instance_finalize = qbus_finalize,
	};

	static void qdev_register_types(void)
	{
	type_register_static(&bus_info);
	type_register_static(&device_type_info);
	}

	type_init(qdev_register_types)