| .TH DRACUT 8 "June 2009" "Linux" |
| .SH NAME |
| dracut \- create initial ramdisk images for preloading modules |
| .SH SYNOPSIS |
| \fBdracut\fR [\fIOPTION\fR]... \fI<image>\fR \fI<kernel-version>\fR |
| |
| .SH DESCRIPTION |
| .B dracut |
| creates an initial image used by the kernel for |
| preloading the block device modules (such as IDE, SCSI or RAID) |
| which are needed to access the root filesystem. |
| |
| .SS Options |
| .TP |
| .BR \-f ", " \-\-force |
| overwrite existing initramfs file. |
| .TP |
| .BR \-m ", " \-\-modules " \fILIST\fR" |
| specify a space-separated list of dracut modules to call |
| when building the initramfs. |
| Modules are located in |
| .IR /usr/share/dracut/modules.d . |
| .TP |
| .BR \-o ", " \-\-omit " \fILIST\fR" |
| omit a space-separated list of dracut modules. |
| .TP |
| .BR \-a ", " \-\-add " \fILIST\fR" |
| add a space-separated list of dracut modules. |
| .TP |
| .BR \-d ", " \-\-drivers " \fILIST\fR" |
| specify a space-separated list of kernel modules to exclusively include |
| in the initramfs. |
| The kernel modules have to be specified without the ".ko" suffix. |
| .TP |
| .BR \-\-add-drivers " \fILIST\fR" |
| specify a space-separated list of kernel modules to add to the initramfs. |
| The kernel modules have to be specified without the ".ko" suffix. |
| .TP |
| .BR \-\-filesystems " \fILIST\fR" |
| specify a space-separated list of kernel filesystem modules to exclusively |
| include in the generic initramfs. |
| .TP |
| .BR \-k ", " \-\-kmoddir " \fI{DIR}\fR |
| specify the directory, where to look for kernel modules |
| .TP |
| .BR " \-\-fwdir " \fI{DIR}\fR |
| specify additional directory, where to look for firmwares |
| .TP |
| .BR \-\-kernel-only |
| only install kernel drivers and firmware files |
| .TP |
| .BR \-\-no-kernel |
| do not install kernel drivers and firmware files |
| .TP |
| .BR \-\-mdadmconf |
| include local /etc/mdadm.conf |
| .TP |
| .BR \-\-nomdadmconf |
| do not include local /etc/mdadm.conf |
| .TP |
| .BR \-\-strip |
| strip binaries in the initramfs (default) |
| .TP |
| .BR \-\-nostrip |
| do not strip binaries in the initramfs |
| .TP |
| .BR \-h ", " \-\-help |
| display help text and exit. |
| .TP |
| .B \-\-debug |
| output debug information of the build process |
| .TP |
| .BR \-v ", " \-\-verbose |
| verbose output during the build process |
| .TP |
| .BR \-c ", " \-\-conf " \fIFILE\fR" |
| specify configuration file to use. |
| Default: |
| .IR /etc/dracut.conf |
| .TP |
| .BR \-\-confdir " \fIDIR\fR" |
| specify configuration directory to use. |
| Default: |
| .IR /etc/dracut.conf.d |
| .TP |
| .BR \-l ", " \-\-local |
| local mode. Use modules from the current working |
| directory instead of the system-wide installed in |
| .IR /usr/share/dracut/modules.d . |
| Useful when running dracut from a git checkout. |
| .TP |
| .BR \-H ", " \-\-hostonly |
| Host-Only mode: Install only what is needed for |
| booting the local host instead of a generic host. |
| .TP |
| .BR \-i ", " \-\-include " \fISOURCE\fR" "" " \fITARGET\fR" |
| include the files in the SOURCE directory into the |
| target directory in the final initramfs. |
| .TP |
| .BR \-I ", " \-\-install " \fILIST\fR" |
| install the space separated list of files into the initramfs. |
| |
| .SH "KERNEL COMMAND LINE" |
| The root filesystem used by the kernel is specified in the boot configuration |
| file, as always. The traditional \fBroot=/dev/hda1\fR style device |
| specification is allowed. If a label is used, as in \fBroot=LABEL=rootPart\fR |
| the initrd will search all available devices for an ext2 or ext3 filesystem |
| with the appropriate label, and mount that device as the root filesystem. |
| \fBroot=UUID=uuidnumber\fR will mount the partition with that UUID as the |
| root filesystem. |
| |
| .SS Standard |
| .TP |
| .BR init= "<path to real init>" |
| .TP |
| .BR root= "<path to blockdevice>" |
| specify blockdevice to use as root filesystem. |
| e.g. |
| root=/dev/sda1 |
| root=/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.1-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1 |
| .TP |
| .BR rootfstype= "<filesystem type>" |
| "auto" if not specified, e.g. rootfstype=ext3 |
| .TP |
| .BR rootflags "=<mount options>" |
| specify additional mount options for the root filesystem. If not set, /etc/fstab |
| of the real root will be parsed for special mount options and mounted |
| accordingly. |
| .TP |
| .B rd_NO_FSTAB |
| do not honor special mount options for the root filesystem found in |
| /etc/fstab of the real root. |
| |
| .SS Misc |
| .TP |
| .BR rdblacklist= <drivername> |
| do not load kernel module <drivername> |
| This parameter can be specified multiple times. |
| .TP |
| .BR rdloaddriver= <drivername> |
| force loading kernel module <drivername> |
| This parameter can be specified multiple times. |
| |
| .SS Debug |
| .TP |
| .B rdinfo |
| print informational output though "quiet" is set |
| .TP |
| .B rdshell |
| allow dropping to a shell, if root mounting fails |
| .TP |
| .B rdinitdebug |
| set -x for the dracut shell and logs to dmesg, console and /init.log |
| .TP |
| .B rdbreak |
| drop to a shell at the end |
| .TP |
| .ad l |
| .BR rdbreak= \%{cmdline\:|pre-udev\:|pre-trigger\:|initqueue\:|pre-mount\:|mount\:|pre-pivot} |
| .ad |
| drop to a shell on defined breakpoint |
| .TP |
| .B rdudevinfo |
| set udev to loglevel info |
| .TP |
| .B rdudevdebug |
| set udev to loglevel debug |
| |
| .SS I18N |
| e.g. |
| LANG=en_US.UTF-8 |
| SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 |
| KEYTABLE=de-latin1-nodeadkeys |
| .TP |
| .BR KEYBOARDTYPE= sun|pc |
| will be written to /etc/sysconfig/keyboard in the initramfs |
| .TP |
| .BR KEYTABLE= "<keytable filename>" |
| will be written to /etc/sysconfig/keyboard in the initramfs |
| .TP |
| .BR SYSFONT= "Console font" |
| will be written to /etc/sysconfig/i18n in the initramfs |
| .TP |
| .BR SYSFONTACM= "Unicode font map" |
| will be written to /etc/sysconfig/i18n in the initramfs |
| .TP |
| .BR UNIMAP= "Unicode font map" |
| will be written to /etc/sysconfig/i18n in the initramfs |
| .TP |
| .BR LANG= <locale> |
| will be written to /etc/sysconfig/i18n in the initramfs |
| |
| .SS LVM |
| .TP |
| .BR rd_NO_LVM |
| disable LVM detection |
| .TP |
| .BR rd_LVM_VG= "<volume group name>" |
| only activate the volume groups with the given name |
| rd_LVM_VG can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line. |
| .TP |
| .BR rd_LVM_LV= "<logical volume name>" |
| only activate the logical volumes with the given name |
| rd_LVM_LV can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line. |
| .TP |
| .BR rd_NO_LVMCONF |
| remove any /etc/lvm/lvm.conf, which may exist in the initramfs |
| |
| .SS "crypto LUKS" |
| .TP |
| .BR rd_NO_LUKS |
| disable crypto LUKS detection |
| .TP |
| .BR rd_LUKS_UUID= "<luks uuid>" |
| only activate the LUKS partitions with the given UUID |
| Any "luks-" of the LUKS UUID is removed before comparing to <luks uuid>. |
| The comparisons also matches, if <luks uuid> is only the beginning of the |
| LUKS UUID, so you don't have to specify the full UUID. |
| This parameter can be specified multiple times. |
| .TP |
| .BR rd_NO_CRYPTTAB |
| do not check, if LUKS partition is in /etc/crypttab |
| |
| .SS MD |
| .TP |
| .BR rd_NO_MD |
| disable MD RAID detection |
| .TP |
| .BR rd_NO_MDIMSM |
| no MD RAID for imsm/isw raids, use dmraid instead |
| .TP |
| .BR rd_NO_MDADMCONF |
| ignore mdadm.conf included in initramfs |
| .TP |
| .BR rd_MD_UUID= "<md uuid>" |
| only activate the raid sets with the given UUID. |
| This parameter can be specified multiple times. |
| |
| .SS DMRAID |
| .TP |
| .BR rd_NO_DM |
| disable DM RAID detection |
| .TP |
| .BR rd_DM_UUID= "<dmraid uuid>" |
| only activate the raid sets with the given UUID. |
| This parameter can be specified multiple times. |
| |
| .SS Network |
| .TP |
| .BR ip= {dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6} |
| dhcp|on|any: get ip from dhcp server from all interfaces. If root=dhcp, |
| loop sequentially through all interfaces (eth0, eth1, ...) and use the first |
| with a valid DHCP root-path. |
| |
| auto6: do IPv6 autoconfiguration |
| .TP |
| .BR ip= <interface>:{dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6} |
| dhcp|on|any|dhcp6: get ip from dhcp server on a specific interface |
| auto6: do IPv6 autoconfiguration |
| This parameter can be specified multiple times. |
| |
| .TP |
| .ad l |
| .BR ip= "\%<client-IP>\::[<server-id>]\::<gateway-IP>\::<netmask>\::<client\%hostname>\::<interface>\::{none|off}" |
| .ad |
| explicit network configuration. If you want do define a IPv6 address, put it in brackets (e.g. [2001:DB8::1]). |
| This parameter can be specified multiple times. |
| .TP |
| .BR ifname= <interface>:<MAC> |
| Assign network device name <interface> (ie eth0) to the NIC with MAC <MAC>. |
| Note letters in the MAC-address must be lowercase! |
| Note that if you use this option you \fBmust\fR specify an ifname= argument |
| for all interfaces used in ip= or fcoe= arguments |
| This parameter can be specified multiple times. |
| .TP |
| .BR bootdev= <interface> |
| specify network interface to use routing and netroot information from. |
| Required if multiple ip= lines are used. |
| .TP |
| .BR nameserver= "<IP> [nameserver=<IP> ...]" |
| specify nameserver(s) to use |
| |
| .SS NFS |
| .TP |
| .BR root= "[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[:<nfs-options>]" |
| mount nfs share from <server-ip>:/<root-dir>, if no server-ip is given, |
| use dhcp next_server. |
| NFS options can be appended with the prefix ":" or "," and are seperated by ",". |
| .TP |
| .BR root= "nfs:[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[:<nfs-options>]" |
| .TP |
| .BR root= "nfs4:[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[:<nfs-options>]" |
| .TP |
| .BR root= dhcp|dhcp6 |
| root=dhcp alone directs initrd to look at the DHCP root-path where NFS |
| options can be specified. |
| root-path=<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>] |
| root-path=nfs:<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>] |
| root-path=nfs4:<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>] |
| .TP |
| .BR root= /dev/nfs " nfsroot=" "[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]" |
| \fBDeprecated!\fR kernel Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt defines |
| this method. |
| This is supported by dracut but not recommended. |
| .TP |
| .BR rd_NFS_DOMAIN= "<NFSv4 domain name>" |
| Set the NFSv4 domain name. Will overwrite the settings in /etc/idmap.conf. |
| |
| .SS iSCSI |
| .TP |
| .ad l |
| .BR root= "\%iscsi:[username:password\:[:reverse:password]@]\:[<servername>]\::[<protocol>]\::[<port>]\::[<LUN>]\::<targetname>" |
| .ad |
| protocol defaults to "6", LUN defaults to "0". |
| |
| If the "servername" field is provided by BOOTP or DHCP, then that |
| field is used in conjunction with other associated fields to contact |
| the boot server in the Boot stage (Section 7). However, if the |
| "servername" field is not provided, then the "targetname" field is |
| then used in the Discovery Service stage in conjunction with other |
| associated fields. |
| |
| http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4173 |
| |
| .TP |
| .ad l |
| .BR root= "\%iscsi:[username:password\:[:reverse:password]@]\:[<servername>]\::[<protocol>]\::[<port>]\::[<LUN>]\::<targetname>" |
| .ad |
| e.g. root=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0 |
| .TP |
| .ad l |
| .BR root= ??? " netroot=" "\%iscsi:[username:password[:reverse:password]@]\:[<servername>]\::[<protocol>]\::[<port>]\::[<LUN>]\::<targetname> ..." |
| .ad |
| multiple netroot options allow setting up multiple iscsi disks |
| e.g. |
| root=UUID=12424547 |
| netroot=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0 |
| netroot=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target1 |
| |
| .TP |
| .ad l |
| .BR \%root= \%??? " \%iscsi_initiator=" \%<initiator> " \%iscsi_target_name=" "<target name>" " \%iscsi_target_ip=" "<target ip>" " \%iscsi_target_port=" "<target port>" " \%iscsi_target_group=" "<target group>" " \%iscsi_username=" "<username>" " \%iscsi_password=" <password> " \%iscsi_in_username=" "<in username>" " \%iscsi_in_password=" "<in password>" |
| .ad |
| manually specify all iscsistart parameter (see \fIiscsistart\ --help\fR) |
| |
| .TP |
| .BR root= ??? " iscsi_firmware" |
| will read the iscsi parameter from the BIOS firmware |
| |
| .SS FCoE |
| .TP |
| .BR netroot= fcoe:<interface|MAC>:<dcb|nodcb> |
| Try to connect to a FCoE SAN through the NIC specified by <interface> or <MAC>, |
| for the second argument, currently only nodcb is supported. Note letters in |
| the MAC-address must be lowercase! |
| |
| .SS NBD |
| .TP |
| .BR root= nbd:<server>:<port>[:<fstype>][:<mountopts>] |
| mount nbd share from <server> |
| .TP |
| .BR root= dhcp |
| with dhcp root-path=nbd:<server>:<port>[:<fstype>][:<mountopts>] |
| root=dhcp alone directs initrd to look at the DHCP root-path where NBD |
| options can be specified. |
| This syntax is only usable in cases where you are directly mounting the volume |
| as the rootfs. |
| |
| |
| .SS DASD |
| .TP |
| .BR rd_DASD_MOD= .... |
| same syntax as the kernel module parameter (s390 only) |
| |
| .TP |
| .ad l |
| .BR rd_DASD= "\%<dasd adaptor device bus ID>\:[,readonly=X]\:[,use_diag=X]\:[,erplog=X]\:[,failfast=X]" |
| .ad |
| activate DASD device with the given adaptor device bus ID and setting the sysfs attributes |
| to the specified values |
| This parameter can be specified multiple times. |
| |
| .SS ZFCP |
| .TP |
| .BR rd_ZFCP= "<zfcp adaptor device bus ID>,\:<WWPN>,\:<FCPLUN>" |
| rd_ZFCP can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line. |
| |
| example: rd_ZFCP=0.0.4000,0x5005076300C213e9,0x5022000000000000 |
| .TP |
| .BR rd_NO_ZFCPCONF |
| ignore zfcp.conf included in the initramfs |
| |
| .SS ZNET |
| .TP |
| .BR rd_ZNET= "<nettype>,<subchannels>,<options>" |
| rd_ZNET can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line. Examples: |
| rd_ZNET=qeth,0.0.0600,0.0.0601,0.0.0602,layer2=1,portname=foo |
| rd_ZNET=ctc,0.0.0600,0.0.0601,0.0.0602,protocol=bar |
| |
| .SS "Plymouth Boot Splash" |
| .TP |
| .BR rd_NO_PLYMOUTH |
| do not start plymouth. This will not work with encrypted partitions. |
| |
| .SH FILES |
| .TP |
| .B /var/log/dracut.log |
| .TP |
| .B /tmp/dracut.log |
| see \fBdracut.conf\fR(5) |
| .TP |
| .B /etc/dracut.conf |
| .SS "Configuration in the Initramfs" |
| .TP |
| .B /conf/conf.d/ |
| Any files found in /conf/conf.d/ will be sourced in the initramfs to |
| set initial values. Command line options will override these values |
| set in the configuration files. |
| .TP |
| .B /etc/cmdline |
| Can contain additional command line options. |
| |
| .SH AUTHORS |
| .nf |
| Harald Hoyer <harald@redhat.com> |
| Victor Lowther <victor.lowther@gmail.com> |
| Warren Togami <wtogami@redhat.com> |
| Jeremy Katz <katzj@redhat.com> |
| Philippe Seewer <philippe.seewer@bfh.ch> |
| David Dillow <dave@thedillows.org> |
| .fi |
| .SH AVAILABILITY |
| The dracut command is part of the dracut package and is available from |
| http://sourceforge.net/apps/trac/dracut/wiki |
| |
| .SH SEE ALSO |
| .BR dracut.conf (5) |
