| DRACUT.CMDLINE(7) |
| ================= |
| :doctype: manpage |
| :man source: dracut |
| :man manual: dracut |
| |
| NAME |
| ---- |
| dracut.cmdline - dracut kernel command line options |
| |
| DESCRIPTION |
| ----------- |
| The root device used by the kernel is specified in the boot configuration |
| file on the kernel command line, as always. |
| |
| The traditional _root=/dev/sda1_ style device specification is allowed, but not |
| encouraged. The root device should better be identified by LABEL or UUID. If a |
| label is used, as in _root=LABEL=<label_of_root>_ the initramfs will search all |
| available devices for a filesystem with the appropriate label, and mount that |
| device as the root filesystem. _root=UUID=<uuidnumber>_ will mount the partition |
| with that UUID as the root filesystem. |
| |
| In the following all kernel command line parameters, which are processed by |
| dracut, are described. |
| |
| "rd.*" parameters mentioned without "=" are boolean parameters. They can be |
| turned on/off by setting them to {0|1}. If the assignment with "=" is missing |
| "=1" is implied. For example _rd.info_ can be turned off with _rd.info=0_ or |
| turned on with _rd.info=1_ or _rd.info_. The last value in the kernel command |
| line is the value, which is honored. |
| |
| Standard |
| ~~~~~~~~ |
| **init=**__<path to real init>__:: |
| specify the path to the init programm to be started after the initramfs has |
| finished |
| |
| **root=**__<path to blockdevice>__:: |
| specify the block device to use as the root filesystem. |
| + |
| [listing] |
| .Example |
| -- |
| root=/dev/sda1 |
| root=/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.1-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1 |
| root=/dev/disk/by-label/Root |
| root=LABEL=Root |
| root=/dev/disk/by-uuid/3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7 |
| root=UUID=3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7 |
| root=PARTUUID=3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7 |
| -- |
| |
| **rootfstype=**__<filesystem type>__:: "auto" if not specified. |
| + |
| [listing] |
| .Example |
| -- |
| rootfstype=ext3 |
| -- |
| |
| **rootflags=**__<mount options>__:: |
| specify additional mount options for the root filesystem. If not set, |
| _/etc/fstab_ of the real root will be parsed for special mount options and |
| mounted accordingly. |
| |
| **ro**:: |
| force mounting _/_ and _/usr_ (if it is a separate device) read-only. If |
| none of ro and rw is present, both are mounted according to _/etc/fstab_. |
| |
| **rw**:: |
| force mounting _/_ and _/usr_ (if it is a separate device) read-write. |
| See also ro option. |
| |
| **rootfallback=**__<path to blockdevice>__:: |
| specify the block device to use as the root filesystem, if the normal root |
| cannot be found. This can only be a simple block device with a simple file |
| system, for which the filesystem driver is either compiled in, or added |
| manually to the initramfs. This parameter can be specified multiple times. |
| |
| **rd.auto** **rd.auto=1**:: |
| enable autoassembly of special devices like cryptoLUKS, dmraid, mdraid or |
| lvm. Default is off as of dracut version >= 024. |
| |
| **rd.fstab=0**:: |
| do not honor special mount options for the root filesystem found in |
| _/etc/fstab_ of the real root. |
| |
| **resume=**__<path to resume partition>__:: |
| resume from a swap partition |
| + |
| [listing] |
| .Example |
| -- |
| resume=/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.1-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1 |
| resume=/dev/disk/by-uuid/3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7 |
| resume=UUID=3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7 |
| -- |
| |
| **rd.skipfsck**:: |
| skip fsck for rootfs and _/usr_. If you're mounting _/usr_ read-only and |
| the init system performs fsck before remount, you might want to use this |
| option to avoid duplication. |
| |
| |
| Misc |
| ~~~~ |
| **rd.driver.blacklist=**__<drivername>__[,__<drivername>__,...]:: |
| do not load kernel module <drivername>. This parameter can be specified |
| multiple times. |
| |
| **rd.driver.pre=**__<drivername>__[,__<drivername>__,...]:: |
| force loading kernel module <drivername>. This parameter can be specified |
| multiple times. |
| |
| **rd.driver.post=**__<drivername>__[,__<drivername>__,...]:: |
| force loading kernel module <drivername> after all automatic loading modules |
| have been loaded. This parameter can be specified multiple times. |
| |
| **rd.retry=**__<seconds>__:: |
| specify how long dracut should wait for devices to appear. |
| The default is 30 seconds. After 2/3 of the time, degraded raids are force |
| started. If you have hardware, which takes a very long time to announce its |
| drives, you might want to extend this value. |
| |
| **rd.noverifyssl**:: |
| accept self-signed certificates for ssl downloads. |
| |
| **rd.ctty=**__<terminal device>__:: |
| specify the controlling terminal for the console. |
| This is useful, if you have multiple "console=" arguments. |
| |
| [[dracutkerneldebug]] |
| Debug |
| ~~~~~ |
| If you are dropped to an emergency shell, the file |
| _/run/initramfs/rdsosreport.txt_ is created, which can be safed to a (to be |
| mounted by hand) partition (usually /boot) or a USB stick. Additional debugging |
| info can be produced by adding **rd.debug** to the kernel command line. |
| _/run/initramfs/rdsosreport.txt_ contains all logs and the output of some tools. |
| It should be attached to any report about dracut problems. |
| |
| **rd.info**:: |
| print informational output though "quiet" is set |
| |
| **rd.shell**:: |
| allow dropping to a shell, if root mounting fails |
| |
| **rd.debug**:: |
| set -x for the dracut shell. |
| If systemd is active in the initramfs, all output is logged to the systemd |
| journal, which you can inspect with "journalctl -ab". |
| If systemd is not active, the logs are written to dmesg and |
| _/run/initramfs/init.log_. |
| If "quiet" is set, it also logs to the console. |
| |
| **rd.memdebug=[0-3]**:: |
| Print memory usage info at various points, set the verbose level from 0 to 3. |
| + |
| Higher level means more debugging output: |
| + |
| ---- |
| 0 - no output |
| 1 - partial /proc/meminfo |
| 2 - /proc/meminfo |
| 3 - /proc/meminfo + /proc/slabinfo |
| ---- |
| |
| **rd.break**:: |
| drop to a shell at the end |
| |
| **rd.break=**__{cmdline|pre-udev|pre-trigger|initqueue|pre-mount|mount|pre-pivot|cleanup}__:: |
| drop to a shell on defined breakpoint |
| |
| **rd.udev.info**:: |
| set udev to loglevel info |
| |
| **rd.udev.debug**:: |
| set udev to loglevel debug |
| |
| I18N |
| ~~~~ |
| **rd.vconsole.keymap=**__<keymap base file name>__:: |
| keyboard translation table loaded by loadkeys; taken from keymaps directory; |
| will be written as KEYMAP to _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the initramfs. |
| + |
| [listing] |
| .Example |
| -- |
| rd.vconsole.keymap=de-latin1-nodeadkeys |
| -- |
| |
| **rd.vconsole.keymap.ext=**__<list of keymap base file names>__:: |
| list of extra keymaps to bo loaded (sep. by space); will be written as |
| EXT_KEYMAP to _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the initramfs |
| |
| **rd.vconsole.unicode**:: |
| boolean, indicating UTF-8 mode; will be written as UNICODE to |
| _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the initramfs |
| |
| **rd.vconsole.font=**__<font base file name>__:: |
| console font; taken from consolefonts directory; will be written as FONT to |
| _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the initramfs. |
| + |
| [listing] |
| .Example |
| -- |
| rd.vconsole.font=LatArCyrHeb-16 |
| -- |
| |
| **rd.vconsole.font.map=**__<console map base file name>__:: |
| see description of '-m' parameter in setfont manual; taken from consoletrans |
| directory; will be written as FONT_MAP to _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the |
| initramfs |
| |
| **rd.vconsole.font.unimap=**__<unicode table base file name>__:: |
| see description of '-u' parameter in setfont manual; taken from unimaps |
| directory; will be written as FONT_UNIMAP to _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the |
| initramfs |
| |
| **rd.locale.LANG=**__<locale>__:: |
| taken from the environment; if no UNICODE is defined we set its value in |
| basis of LANG value (whether it ends with ".utf8" (or similar) or not); will |
| be written as LANG to _/etc/locale.conf_ in the initramfs. |
| + |
| [listing] |
| .Example |
| -- |
| rd.locale.LANG=pl_PL.utf8 |
| -- |
| |
| **rd.locale.LC_ALL=**__<locale>__:: |
| taken from the environment; will be written as LC_ALL to _/etc/locale.conf_ |
| in the initramfs |
| |
| LVM |
| ~~~ |
| **rd.lvm=0**:: |
| disable LVM detection |
| |
| **rd.lvm.vg=**__<volume group name>__:: |
| only activate the volume groups with the given name. rd.lvm.vg can be |
| specified multiple times on the kernel command line. |
| |
| **rd.lvm.lv=**__<logical volume name>__:: |
| only activate the logical volumes with the given name. rd.lvm.lv can be |
| specified multiple times on the kernel command line. |
| |
| **rd.lvm.conf=0**:: |
| remove any _/etc/lvm/lvm.conf_, which may exist in the initramfs |
| |
| crypto LUKS |
| ~~~~~~~~~~~ |
| **rd.luks=0**:: |
| disable crypto LUKS detection |
| |
| **rd.luks.uuid=**__<luks uuid>__:: |
| only activate the LUKS partitions with the given UUID. Any "luks-" of the |
| LUKS UUID is removed before comparing to _<luks uuid>_. |
| The comparisons also matches, if _<luks uuid>_ is only the beginning of the |
| LUKS UUID, so you don't have to specify the full UUID. |
| This parameter can be specified multiple times. |
| |
| **rd.luks.allow-discards=**__<luks uuid>__:: |
| Allow using of discards (TRIM) requests for LUKS partitions with the given |
| UUID. Any "luks-" of the LUKS UUID is removed before comparing to |
| _<luks uuid>_. The comparisons also matches, if _<luks uuid>_ is only the |
| beginning of the LUKS UUID, so you don't have to specify the full UUID. |
| This parameter can be specified multiple times. |
| |
| **rd.luks.allow-discards**:: |
| Allow using of discards (TRIM) requests on all LUKS partitions. |
| |
| **rd.luks.crypttab=0**:: |
| do not check, if LUKS partition is in _/etc/crypttab_ |
| |
| crypto LUKS - key on removable device support |
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
| **rd.luks.key=**__<keypath>__:__<keydev>__:__<luksdev>__:: |
| _keypath_ is a path to key file to look for. It's REQUIRED. When _keypath_ |
| ends with '.gpg' it's considered to be key encrypted symmetrically with GPG. |
| You will be prompted for password on boot. GPG support comes with |
| 'crypt-gpg' module which needs to be added explicitly. |
| + |
| _keydev_ is a device on which key file resides. It might be kernel name of |
| devices (should start with "/dev/"), UUID (prefixed with "UUID=") or label |
| (prefix with "LABEL="). You don't have to specify full UUID. Just its beginning |
| will suffice, even if its ambiguous. All matching devices will be probed. |
| This parameter is recommended, but not required. If not present, all block |
| devices will be probed, which may significantly increase boot time. |
| + |
| If _luksdev_ is given, the specified key will only be applied for that LUKS |
| device. Possible values are the same as for _keydev_. Unless you have several |
| LUKS devices, you don't have to specify this parameter. The simplest usage is: |
| + |
| [listing] |
| .Example |
| -- |
| rd.luks.key=/foo/bar.key |
| -- |
| + |
| As you see, you can skip colons in such a case. |
| + |
| [NOTE] |
| =============================== |
| dracut pipes key to cryptsetup with _-d -_ argument, therefore you need to pipe |
| to crypsetup luksFormat with _-d -_, too! |
| |
| Here follows example for key encrypted with GPG: |
| |
| [listing] |
| -- |
| gpg --quiet --decrypt rootkey.gpg | \ |
| cryptsetup -d - -v --cipher serpent-cbc-essiv:sha256 \ |
| --key-size 256 luksFormat /dev/sda3 |
| -- |
| |
| If you use plain keys, just add path to _-d_ option: |
| |
| [listing] |
| -- |
| cryptsetup -d rootkey.key -v --cipher serpent-cbc-essiv:sha256 \ |
| --key-size 256 luksFormat /dev/sda3 |
| -- |
| =============================== |
| |
| MD RAID |
| ~~~~~~~ |
| **rd.md=0**:: |
| disable MD RAID detection |
| |
| **rd.md.imsm=0**:: |
| disable MD RAID for imsm/isw raids, use DM RAID instead |
| |
| **rd.md.ddf=0**:: |
| disable MD RAID for SNIA ddf raids, use DM RAID instead |
| |
| **rd.md.conf=0**:: |
| ignore mdadm.conf included in initramfs |
| |
| **rd.md.waitclean=1**:: |
| wait for any resync, recovery, or reshape activity to finish before |
| continuing |
| |
| **rd.md.uuid=**__<md raid uuid>__:: |
| only activate the raid sets with the given UUID. This parameter can be |
| specified multiple times. |
| |
| DM RAID |
| ~~~~~~~ |
| **rd.dm=0**:: |
| disable DM RAID detection |
| |
| **rd.dm.uuid=**__<dm raid uuid>__:: |
| only activate the raid sets with the given UUID. This parameter can be |
| specified multiple times. |
| |
| FIPS |
| ~~~~ |
| **rd.fips**:: |
| enable FIPS |
| |
| **boot=**__<boot device>__:: |
| specify the device, where /boot is located. |
| + |
| [listing] |
| .Example |
| -- |
| boot=/dev/sda1 |
| boot=/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.1-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1 |
| boot=UUID=<uuid> |
| boot=LABEL=<label> |
| -- |
| |
| **rd.fips.skipkernel**:: |
| skip checksum check of the kernel image. Useful, if the kernel image is not |
| in a separate boot partition. |
| |
| Network |
| ~~~~~~~ |
| |
| [IMPORTANT] |
| ===================== |
| It is recommended to either bind an interface to a MAC with the **ifname** |
| argument, or to use the systemd-udevd predictable network interface names. |
| |
| Predictable network interface device names based on: |
| |
| - firmware/bios-provided index numbers for on-board devices |
| - firmware-provided pci-express hotplug slot index number |
| - physical/geographical location of the hardware |
| - the interface's MAC address |
| |
| See: |
| http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PredictableNetworkInterfaceNames |
| |
| Two character prefixes based on the type of interface: |
| |
| en:: ethernet |
| wl:: wlan |
| ww:: wwan |
| |
| Type of names: |
| |
| o<index>:: on-board device index number |
| s<slot>[f<function>][d<dev_id>]:: hotplug slot index number |
| x<MAC>:: MAC address |
| [P<domain>]p<bus>s<slot>[f<function>][d<dev_id>]:: PCI geographical location |
| [P<domain>]p<bus>s<slot>[f<function>][u<port>][..][c<config>][i<interface>]:: USB port number chain |
| |
| All multi-function PCI devices will carry the [f<function>] number in the |
| device name, including the function 0 device. |
| |
| When using PCI geography, The PCI domain is only prepended when it is not 0. |
| |
| For USB devices the full chain of port numbers of hubs is composed. If the |
| name gets longer than the maximum number of 15 characters, the name is not |
| exported. |
| The usual USB configuration == 1 and interface == 0 values are suppressed. |
| |
| PCI ethernet card with firmware index "1":: |
| * eno1 |
| |
| PCI ethernet card in hotplug slot with firmware index number:: |
| * ens1 |
| |
| PCI ethernet multi-function card with 2 ports:: |
| * enp2s0f0 |
| * enp2s0f1 |
| |
| PCI wlan card:: |
| * wlp3s0 |
| |
| USB built-in 3G modem:: |
| * wwp0s29u1u4i6 |
| |
| USB Android phone:: |
| * enp0s29u1u2 |
| ===================== |
| |
| **ip=**__{dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6|ibft}__:: |
| dhcp|on|any::: get ip from dhcp server from all interfaces. If root=dhcp, |
| loop sequentially through all interfaces (eth0, eth1, ...) and use the first |
| with a valid DHCP root-path. |
| |
| auto6::: IPv6 autoconfiguration |
| |
| dhcp6::: IPv6 DHCP |
| |
| ibft::: iBFT autoconfiguration |
| |
| **ip=**__<interface>__:__{dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6}__[:[__<mtu>__][:__<macaddr>__]]:: |
| This parameter can be specified multiple times. |
| + |
| ===================== |
| dhcp|on|any|dhcp6::: get ip from dhcp server on a specific interface |
| auto6::: do IPv6 autoconfiguration |
| <macaddr>::: optionally **set** <macaddr> on the <interface>. This |
| cannot be used in conjunction with the **ifname** argument for the |
| same <interface>. |
| ===================== |
| |
| **ip=**__<client-IP>__:[__<peer>__]:__<gateway-IP>__:__<netmask>__:__<client_hostname>__:__<interface>__:__{none|off|dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6|ibft}__:[:[__<mtu>__][:__<macaddr>__]]:: |
| explicit network configuration. If you want do define a IPv6 address, put it |
| in brackets (e.g. [2001:DB8::1]). This parameter can be specified multiple |
| times. __<peer>__ is optional and is the address of the remote endpoint |
| for pointopoint interfaces and it may be followed by a slash and a decimal |
| number, encoding the network prefix length. |
| + |
| ===================== |
| <macaddr>::: optionally **set** <macaddr> on the <interface>. This |
| cannot be used in conjunction with the **ifname** argument for the |
| same <interface>. |
| ===================== |
| |
| **ip=**__<client-IP>__:[__<peer>__]:__<gateway-IP>__:__<netmask>__:__<client_hostname>__:__<interface>__:__{none|off|dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6|ibft}__[:[__<dns1>__][:__<dns2>__]]:: |
| explicit network configuration. If you want do define a IPv6 address, put it |
| in brackets (e.g. [2001:DB8::1]). This parameter can be specified multiple |
| times. __<peer>__ is optional and is the address of the remote endpoint |
| for pointopoint interfaces and it may be followed by a slash and a decimal |
| number, encoding the network prefix length. |
| |
| **ifname=**__<interface>__:__<MAC>__:: |
| Assign network device name <interface> (ie "bootnet") to the NIC with |
| MAC <MAC>. |
| + |
| WARNING: Do **not** use the default kernel naming scheme for the interface name, |
| as it can conflict with the kernel names. So, don't use "eth[0-9]+" for the |
| interface name. Better name it "bootnet" or "bluesocket". |
| |
| **bootdev=**__<interface>__:: |
| specify network interface to use routing and netroot information from. |
| Required if multiple ip= lines are used. |
| |
| **BOOTIF=**__<MAC>__:: |
| specify network interface to use routing and netroot information from. |
| |
| **rd.bootif=0**:: |
| Disable BOOTIF parsing, which is provided by PXE |
| |
| **nameserver=**__<IP>__ [**nameserver=**__<IP>__ ...]:: |
| specify nameserver(s) to use |
| |
| **biosdevname=0**:: |
| boolean, turn off biosdevname network interface renaming |
| |
| **rd.neednet=1**:: |
| boolean, bring up network even without netroot set |
| |
| **vlan=**__<vlanname>__:__<phydevice>__:: |
| Setup vlan device named <vlanname> on <phydeivce>. |
| We support the four styles of vlan names: VLAN_PLUS_VID (vlan0005), |
| VLAN_PLUS_VID_NO_PAD (vlan5), DEV_PLUS_VID (eth0.0005), |
| DEV_PLUS_VID_NO_PAD (eth0.5) |
| |
| **bond=**__<bondname>__[:__<bondslaves>__:[:__<options>__]]:: |
| Setup bonding device <bondname> on top of <bondslaves>. |
| <bondslaves> is a comma-separated list of physical (ethernet) interfaces. |
| <options> is a comma-separated list on bonding options (modinfo bonding for |
| details) in format compatible with initscripts. If <options> includes |
| multi-valued arp_ip_target option, then its values should be separated by |
| semicolon. Bond without parameters assumes |
| bond=bond0:eth0,eth1:mode=balance-rr |
| |
| **team=**__<teammaster>__:__<teamslaves>__:: |
| Setup team device <teammaster> on top of <teamslaves>. |
| <teamslaves> is a comma-separated list of physical (ethernet) interfaces. |
| |
| **bridge=**__<bridgename>__:__<ethnames>__:: |
| Setup bridge <bridgename> with <ethnames>. <ethnames> is a comma-separated |
| list of physical (ethernet) interfaces. Bridge without parameters assumes |
| bridge=br0:eth0 |
| |
| NFS |
| ~~~ |
| **root=**\[_<server-ip>_:]__<root-dir>__[:__<nfs-options>__]:: |
| mount nfs share from <server-ip>:/<root-dir>, if no server-ip is given, use |
| dhcp next_server. if server-ip is an IPv6 address it has to be put in |
| brackets, e.g. [2001:DB8::1]. NFS options can be appended with the prefix |
| ":" or "," and are seperated by ",". |
| |
| **root=**nfs:\[_<server-ip>_:]__<root-dir>__[:__<nfs-options>__], **root=**nfs4:\[_<server-ip>_:]__<root-dir>__[:__<nfs-options>__], **root=**__{dhcp|dhcp6}__:: |
| root=dhcp alone directs initrd to look at the DHCP root-path where NFS |
| options can be specified. |
| + |
| [listing] |
| .Example |
| -- |
| root-path=<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>] |
| root-path=nfs:<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>] |
| root-path=nfs4:<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>] |
| -- |
| |
| **root=**_/dev/nfs_ nfsroot=\[_<server-ip>_:]__<root-dir>__[:__<nfs-options>__]:: |
| _Deprecated!_ kernel Documentation_/filesystems/nfsroot.txt_ defines this |
| method. This is supported by dracut, but not recommended. |
| |
| **rd.nfs.domain=**__<NFSv4 domain name>__:: |
| Set the NFSv4 domain name. Will overwrite the settings in _/etc/idmap.conf_. |
| |
| CIFS |
| ~~~ |
| **root=**cifs://[__<username>__[:__<password>__]@]__<server-ip>__:__<root-dir>__:: |
| mount cifs share from <server-ip>:/<root-dir>, if no server-ip is given, use |
| dhcp next_server. if server-ip is an IPv6 address it has to be put in |
| brackets, e.g. [2001:DB8::1]. If a username or password are not specified |
| as part of the root, then they must be passed on the command line through |
| cifsuser/cifspass. |
| + |
| WARNING: Passwords specified on the kernel command line are visible for all |
| users via the file _/proc/cmdline_ and via dmesg or can be sniffed on the |
| network, when using DHCP with DHCP root-path. |
| |
| **cifsuser**=__<username>__:: |
| Set the cifs username, if not specified as part of the root. |
| |
| **cifspass**=__<password>__:: |
| Set the cifs password, if not specified as part of the root. |
| + |
| WARNING: Passwords specified on the kernel command line are visible for all |
| users via the file _/proc/cmdline_ and via dmesg or can be sniffed on the |
| network, when using DHCP with DHCP root-path. |
| |
| iSCSI |
| ~~~~~ |
| **root=**iscsi:[__<username>__:__<password>__[:__<reverse>__:__<password>__]@][__<servername>__]:[__<protocol>__]:[__<port>__][:[__<iscsi_iface_name>__]:[__<netdev_name>__]]:[__<LUN>__]:__<targetname>__:: |
| protocol defaults to "6", LUN defaults to "0". If the "servername" field is |
| provided by BOOTP or DHCP, then that field is used in conjunction with other |
| associated fields to contact the boot server in the Boot stage. However, if |
| the "servername" field is not provided, then the "targetname" field is then |
| used in the Discovery Service stage in conjunction with other associated |
| fields. See |
| link:$$http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4173#section-5$$[rfc4173]. |
| + |
| WARNING: Passwords specified on the kernel command line are visible for all |
| users via the file _/proc/cmdline_ and via dmesg or can be sniffed on the |
| network, when using DHCP with DHCP root-path. |
| + |
| [listing] |
| .Example |
| -- |
| root=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0 |
| -- |
| + |
| If servername is an IPv6 address, it has to be put in brackets: |
| + |
| [listing] |
| .Example |
| -- |
| root=iscsi:[2001:DB8::1]::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0 |
| -- |
| |
| **root=**__???__ **netroot=**iscsi:[__<username>__:__<password>__[:__<reverse>__:__<password>__]@][__<servername>__]:[__<protocol>__]:[__<port>__][:[__<iscsi_iface_name>__]:[__<netdev_name>__]]:[__<LUN>__]:__<targetname>__ ...:: |
| multiple netroot options allow setting up multiple iscsi disks: |
| + |
| [listing] |
| .Example |
| -- |
| root=UUID=12424547 |
| netroot=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0 |
| netroot=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target1 |
| -- |
| + |
| If servername is an IPv6 address, it has to be put in brackets: |
| + |
| [listing] |
| .Example |
| -- |
| netroot=iscsi:[2001:DB8::1]::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0 |
| -- |
| + |
| WARNING: Passwords specified on the kernel command line are visible for all |
| users via the file _/proc/cmdline_ and via dmesg or can be sniffed on the |
| network, when using DHCP with DHCP root-path. |
| You may want to use rd.iscsi.firmware. |
| |
| **root=**__???__ **rd.iscsi.initiator=**__<initiator>__ **rd.iscsi.target.name=**__<target name>__ **rd.iscsi.target.ip=**__<target ip>__ **rd.iscsi.target.port=**__<target port>__ **rd.iscsi.target.group=**__<target group>__ **rd.iscsi.username=**__<username>__ **rd.iscsi.password=**__<password>__ **rd.iscsi.in.username=**__<in username>__ **rd.iscsi.in.password=**__<in password>__:: |
| manually specify all iscsistart parameter (see **+iscsistartĀ --help+**) |
| + |
| WARNING: Passwords specified on the kernel command line are visible for all |
| users via the file _/proc/cmdline_ and via dmesg or can be sniffed on the |
| network, when using DHCP with DHCP root-path. |
| You may want to use rd.iscsi.firmware. |
| |
| **root=**_???_ **netroot=**iscsi **rd.iscsi.firmware=1**:: |
| will read the iscsi parameter from the BIOS firmware |
| |
| **rd.iscsi.param=**__<param>__:: |
| <param> will be passed as "--param <param>" to iscsistart. |
| This parameter can be specified multiple times. |
| + |
| [listing] |
| .Example |
| -- |
| "netroot=iscsi rd.iscsi.firmware=1 rd.iscsi.param=node.session.timeo.replacement_timeout=30" |
| -- |
| + |
| will result in |
| + |
| [listing] |
| -- |
| iscsistart -b --param node.session.timeo.replacement_timeout=30 |
| -- |
| |
| FCoE |
| ~~~~ |
| **fcoe=**__<edd|interface|MAC>__:__{dcb|nodcb}__:: |
| Try to connect to a FCoE SAN through the NIC specified by _<interface>_ or |
| _<MAC>_ or EDD settings. For the second argument, currently only nodcb is |
| supported. This parameter can be specified multiple times. |
| + |
| NOTE: letters in the MAC-address must be lowercase! |
| |
| NBD |
| ~~~ |
| **root=**??? **netroot=**nbd:__<server>__:__<port>__[:__<fstype>__[:__<mountopts>__[:__<nbdopts>__]]]:: |
| mount nbd share from <server> |
| |
| **root=dhcp** with **dhcp** **root-path=**nbd:__<server>__:__<port>__[:__<fstype>__[:__<mountopts>__[:__<nbdopts>__]]]:: |
| root=dhcp alone directs initrd to look at the DHCP root-path where NBD |
| options can be specified. This syntax is only usable in cases where you are |
| directly mounting the volume as the rootfs. |
| |
| DASD |
| ~~~~ |
| **rd.dasd=**....:: |
| same syntax as the kernel module parameter (s390 only) |
| |
| ZFCP |
| ~~~~ |
| **rd.zfcp=**__<zfcp adaptor device bus ID>__,__<WWPN>__,__<FCPLUN>__:: |
| rd.zfcp can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line. |
| + |
| [listing] |
| .Example |
| -- |
| rd.zfcp=0.0.4000,0x5005076300C213e9,0x5022000000000000 |
| -- |
| |
| **rd.zfcp.conf=0**:: |
| ignore zfcp.conf included in the initramfs |
| |
| ZNET |
| ~~~~ |
| **rd.znet=**__<nettype>__,__<subchannels>__,__<options>__:: |
| rd.znet can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line. |
| + |
| [listing] |
| .Example |
| -- |
| rd.znet=qeth,0.0.0600,0.0.0601,0.0.0602,layer2=1,portname=foo |
| rd.znet=ctc,0.0.0600,0.0.0601,protocol=bar |
| -- |
| |
| Plymouth Boot Splash |
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
| **plymouth.enable=0**:: |
| disable the plymouth bootsplash completly. |
| |
| **rd.plymouth=0**:: |
| disable the plymouth bootsplash only for the initramfs. |
| |
| Kernel keys |
| ~~~~~~~~~~~ |
| **masterkey=**__<kernel master key path name>__:: |
| Set the path name of the kernel master key. |
| + |
| [listing] |
| .Example |
| -- |
| masterkey=/etc/keys/kmk-trusted.blob |
| -- |
| |
| **masterkeytype=**__<kernel master key type>__:: |
| Set the type of the kernel master key. |
| + |
| [listing] |
| .Example |
| -- |
| masterkeytype=trusted |
| -- |
| |
| **evmkey=**__<EVM key path name>__:: |
| Set the path name of the EVM key. |
| + |
| [listing] |
| .Example |
| -- |
| evmkey=/etc/keys/evm-trusted.blob |
| -- |
| |
| **ecryptfskey=**__<eCryptfs key path name>__:: |
| Set the path name of the eCryptfs key. |
| + |
| [listing] |
| .Example |
| -- |
| ecryptfskey=/etc/keys/ecryptfs-trusted.blob |
| -- |
| |
| Deprecated, renamed Options |
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
| Here is a list of options, which were used in dracut prior to version 008, and |
| their new replacement. |
| |
| rdbreak:: rd.break |
| |
| rd_CCW:: rd.ccw |
| |
| rd_DASD_MOD:: rd.dasd |
| |
| rd_DASD:: rd.dasd |
| |
| rdinitdebug rdnetdebug:: rd.debug |
| |
| rd_NO_DM:: rd.dm=0 |
| |
| rd_DM_UUID:: rd.dm.uuid |
| |
| rdblacklist:: rd.driver.blacklist |
| |
| rdinsmodpost:: rd.driver.post |
| |
| rdloaddriver:: rd.driver.pre |
| |
| rd_NO_FSTAB:: rd.fstab=0 |
| |
| rdinfo:: rd.info |
| |
| check:: rd.live.check |
| |
| rdlivedebug:: rd.live.debug |
| |
| live_dir:: rd.live.dir |
| |
| liveimg:: rd.live.image |
| |
| overlay:: rd.live.overlay |
| |
| readonly_overlay:: rd.live.overlay.readonly |
| |
| reset_overlay:: rd.live.overlay.reset |
| |
| live_ram:: rd.live.ram |
| |
| rd_NO_CRYPTTAB:: rd.luks.crypttab=0 |
| |
| rd_LUKS_KEYDEV_UUID:: rd.luks.keydev.uuid |
| |
| rd_LUKS_KEYPATH:: rd.luks.keypath |
| |
| rd_NO_LUKS:: rd.luks=0 |
| |
| rd_LUKS_UUID:: rd.luks.uuid |
| |
| rd_NO_LVMCONF:: rd.lvm.conf |
| |
| rd_LVM_LV:: rd.lvm.lv |
| |
| rd_NO_LVM:: rd.lvm=0 |
| |
| rd_LVM_SNAPSHOT:: rd.lvm.snapshot |
| |
| rd_LVM_SNAPSIZE:: rd.lvm.snapsize |
| |
| rd_LVM_VG:: rd.lvm.vg |
| |
| rd_NO_MDADMCONF:: rd.md.conf=0 |
| |
| rd_NO_MDIMSM:: rd.md.imsm=0 |
| |
| rd_NO_MD:: rd.md=0 |
| |
| rd_MD_UUID:: rd.md.uuid |
| |
| rd_NFS_DOMAIN:: rd.nfs.domain |
| |
| iscsi_initiator:: rd.iscsi.initiator |
| |
| iscsi_target_name:: rd.iscsi.target.name |
| |
| iscsi_target_ip:: rd.iscsi.target.ip |
| |
| iscsi_target_port:: rd.iscsi.target.port |
| |
| iscsi_target_group:: rd.iscsi.target.group |
| |
| iscsi_username:: rd.iscsi.username |
| |
| iscsi_password:: rd.iscsi.password |
| |
| iscsi_in_username:: rd.iscsi.in.username |
| |
| iscsi_in_password:: rd.iscsi.in.password |
| |
| iscsi_firmware:: rd.iscsi.firmware=0 |
| |
| rd_NO_PLYMOUTH:: rd.plymouth=0 |
| |
| rd_retry:: rd.retry |
| |
| rdshell:: rd.shell |
| |
| rd_NO_SPLASH:: rd.splash |
| |
| rdudevdebug:: rd.udev.debug |
| |
| rdudevinfo:: rd.udev.info |
| |
| rd_NO_ZFCPCONF:: rd.zfcp.conf=0 |
| |
| rd_ZFCP:: rd.zfcp |
| |
| rd_ZNET:: rd.znet |
| |
| KEYMAP:: vconsole.keymap |
| |
| KEYTABLE:: vconsole.keymap |
| |
| SYSFONT:: vconsole.font |
| |
| CONTRANS:: vconsole.font.map |
| |
| UNIMAP:: vconsole.font.unimap |
| |
| UNICODE:: vconsole.unicode |
| |
| EXT_KEYMAP:: vconsole.keymap.ext |
| |
| Configuration in the Initramfs |
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
| _/etc/conf.d/_:: |
| Any files found in _/etc/conf.d/_ will be sourced in the initramfs to |
| set initial values. Command line options will override these values |
| set in the configuration files. |
| |
| _/etc/cmdline_:: |
| Can contain additional command line options. Deprecated, better use |
| /etc/cmdline.d/*.conf. |
| |
| _/etc/cmdline.d/*.conf_:: |
| Can contain additional command line options. |
| |
| AUTHOR |
| ------ |
| Harald Hoyer |
| |
| SEE ALSO |
| -------- |
| *dracut*(8) *dracut.conf*(5) |