extlinux.asm

; -*- fundamental -*- (asm-mode sucks)
; $Id$
; ****************************************************************************
;
;  extlinux.asm
;
;  A program to boot Linux kernels off an ext2/ext3 filesystem.
;
;   Copyright (C) 1994-2005  H. Peter Anvin
;
;  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
;  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;  the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 53 Temple Place Ste 330,
;  Boston MA 02111-1307, USA; either version 2 of the License, or
;  (at your option) any later version; incorporated herein by reference.
; 
; ****************************************************************************

%define IS_EXTLINUX 1
%include "macros.inc"
%include "config.inc"
%include "kernel.inc"
%include "bios.inc"
%include "tracers.inc"
%include "layout.inc"

%include "ext2_fs.inc"

;
; Some semi-configurable constants... change on your own risk.
;
my_id		equ extlinux_id
; NASM 0.98.38 croaks if these are equ's rather than macros...
FILENAME_MAX_LG2 equ 8			; log2(Max filename size Including final null)
FILENAME_MAX	equ (1 << FILENAME_MAX_LG2)	; Max mangled filename size
NULLFILE	equ 0			; Null character == empty filename
NULLOFFSET	equ 0			; Position in which to look
retry_count	equ 16			; How patient are we with the disk?
%assign HIGHMEM_SLOP 0			; Avoid this much memory near the top
LDLINUX_MAGIC	equ 0x3eb202fe		; A random number to identify ourselves with

MAX_OPEN_LG2	equ 6			; log2(Max number of open files)
MAX_OPEN	equ (1 << MAX_OPEN_LG2)

SECTOR_SHIFT	equ 9
SECTOR_SIZE	equ (1 << SECTOR_SHIFT)

MAX_SYMLINKS	equ 64			; Maximum number of symlinks per lookup
SYMLINK_SECTORS	equ 2			; Max number of sectors in a symlink
					; (should be >= FILENAME_MAX)

;
; This is what we need to do when idle
;
%macro	RESET_IDLE 0
	; Nothing
%endmacro
%macro	DO_IDLE 0
	; Nothing
%endmacro

;
; The following structure is used for "virtual kernels"; i.e. LILO-style
; option labels.  The options we permit here are `kernel' and `append
; Since there is no room in the bottom 64K for all of these, we
; stick them at vk_seg:0000 and copy them down before we need them.
;
		struc vkernel
vk_vname:	resb FILENAME_MAX	; Virtual name **MUST BE FIRST!**
vk_rname:	resb FILENAME_MAX	; Real name
vk_appendlen:	resw 1
		alignb 4
vk_append:	resb max_cmd_len+1	; Command line
		alignb 4
vk_end:		equ $			; Should be <= vk_size
		endstruc

;
; Segment assignments in the bottom 640K
; Stick to the low 512K in case we're using something like M-systems flash
; which load a driver into low RAM (evil!!)
;
; 0000h - main code/data segment (and BIOS segment)
;
real_mode_seg	equ 4000h
cache_seg	equ 3000h		; 64K area for metadata cache
vk_seg          equ 2000h		; Virtual kernels
xfer_buf_seg	equ 1000h		; Bounce buffer for I/O to high mem
comboot_seg	equ real_mode_seg	; COMBOOT image loading zone

;
; File structure.  This holds the information for each currently open file.
;
		struc open_file_t
file_left	resd 1			; Number of sectors left (0 = free)
file_sector	resd 1			; Next linear sector to read
file_in_sec	resd 1			; Sector where inode lives
file_in_off	resw 1
file_mode	resw 1
		endstruc

%ifndef DEPEND
%if (open_file_t_size & (open_file_t_size-1))
%error "open_file_t is not a power of 2"
%endif
%endif

; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
;   BEGIN CODE
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

;
; Memory below this point is reserved for the BIOS and the MBR
;
		section .earlybss
trackbufsize	equ 8192
trackbuf	resb trackbufsize	; Track buffer goes here
getcbuf		resb trackbufsize
		; ends at 4800h

		section .latebss
SuperBlock	resb 1024		; ext2 superblock
SuperInfo	resq 16			; DOS superblock expanded
ClustSize	resd 1			; Bytes/cluster ("block")
SecPerClust	resd 1			; Sectors/cluster
ClustMask	resd 1			; Sectors/cluster - 1
PtrsPerBlock1	resd 1			; Pointers/cluster
PtrsPerBlock2	resd 1			; (Pointers/cluster)^2
DriveNumber	resb 1			; BIOS drive number
ClustShift	resb 1			; Shift count for sectors/cluster
ClustByteShift	resb 1			; Shift count for bytes/cluster

		alignb open_file_t_size
Files		resb MAX_OPEN*open_file_t_size

;
; Constants for the xfer_buf_seg
;
; The xfer_buf_seg is also used to store message file buffers.  We
; need two trackbuffers (text and graphics), plus a work buffer
; for the graphics decompressor.
;
xbs_textbuf	equ 0			; Also hard-coded, do not change
xbs_vgabuf	equ trackbufsize
xbs_vgatmpbuf	equ 2*trackbufsize


		section .text
;
; Some of the things that have to be saved very early are saved
; "close" to the initial stack pointer offset, in order to
; reduce the code size...
;
StackBuf	equ $-44-32		; Start the stack here (grow down - 4K)
PartInfo	equ StackBuf		; Saved partition table entry
FloppyTable	equ PartInfo+16		; Floppy info table (must follow PartInfo)
OrigFDCTabPtr	equ StackBuf-4		; The high dword on the stack

;
; Primary entry point.  Tempting as though it may be, we can't put the
; initial "cli" here; the jmp opcode in the first byte is part of the
; "magic number" (using the term very loosely) for the DOS superblock.
;
bootsec		equ $
		jmp short start		; 2 bytes
		nop			; 1 byte
;
; "Superblock" follows -- it's in the boot sector, so it's already
; loaded and ready for us
;
bsOemName	db 'EXTLINUX'		; The SYS command sets this, so...
;
; These are the fields we actually care about.  We end up expanding them
; all to dword size early in the code, so generate labels for both
; the expanded and unexpanded versions.
;
%macro		superb 1
bx %+ %1	equ SuperInfo+($-superblock)*8+4
bs %+ %1	equ $
		zb 1
%endmacro
%macro		superw 1
bx %+ %1	equ SuperInfo+($-superblock)*8
bs %+ %1	equ $
		zw 1
%endmacro
%macro		superd 1
bx %+ %1	equ $			; no expansion for dwords
bs %+ %1	equ $
		zd 1
%endmacro
superblock	equ $
		superw BytesPerSec
		superb SecPerClust
		superw ResSectors
		superb FATs
		superw RootDirEnts
		superw Sectors
		superb Media
		superw FATsecs
		superw SecPerTrack
		superw Heads
superinfo_size	equ ($-superblock)-1	; How much to expand
		superd Hidden
		superd HugeSectors
		;
		; This is as far as FAT12/16 and FAT32 are consistent
		;
		zb 54			; FAT12/16 need 26 more bytes,
					; FAT32 need 54 more bytes
superblock_len	equ $-superblock

;
; Note we don't check the constraints above now; we did that at install
; time (we hope!)
;
start:
		cli			; No interrupts yet, please
		cld			; Copy upwards
;
; Set up the stack
;
		xor ax,ax
		mov ss,ax
		mov sp,StackBuf		; Just below BSS
		mov es,ax
;
; DS:SI may contain a partition table entry.  Preserve it for us.
;
		mov cx,8		; Save partition info
		mov di,sp
		rep movsw

		mov ds,ax		; Now we can initialize DS...

;
; Now sautee the BIOS floppy info block to that it will support decent-
; size transfers; the floppy block is 11 bytes and is stored in the
; INT 1Eh vector (brilliant waste of resources, eh?)
;
; Of course, if BIOSes had been properly programmed, we wouldn't have
; had to waste precious space with this code.
;
		mov bx,fdctab
		lfs si,[bx]		; FS:SI -> original fdctab
		push fs			; Save on stack in case we need to bail
		push si

		; Save the old fdctab even if hard disk so the stack layout
		; is the same.  The instructions above do not change the flags
		mov [DriveNumber],dl	; Save drive number in DL
		and dl,dl		; If floppy disk (00-7F), assume no
					; partition table
		js harddisk

floppy:
		mov cl,6		; 12 bytes (CX == 0)
		; es:di -> FloppyTable already
		; This should be safe to do now, interrupts are off...
		mov [bx],di		; FloppyTable
		mov [bx+2],ax		; Segment 0
		fs rep movsw		; Faster to move words
		mov cl,[bsSecPerTrack]  ; Patch the sector count
		mov [di-8],cl
		; AX == 0 here
		int 13h			; Some BIOSes need this

		jmp short not_harddisk
;
; The drive number and possibly partition information was passed to us
; by the BIOS or previous boot loader (MBR).  Current "best practice" is to
; trust that rather than what the superblock contains.
;
; Would it be better to zero out bsHidden if we don't have a partition table?
;
; Note: di points to beyond the end of PartInfo
;
harddisk:
		test byte [di-16],7Fh	; Sanity check: "active flag" should
		jnz no_partition	; be 00 or 80
		mov eax,[di-8]		; Partition offset (dword)
		mov [bsHidden],eax
no_partition:
;
; Get disk drive parameters (don't trust the superblock.)  Don't do this for
; floppy drives -- INT 13:08 on floppy drives will (may?) return info about
; what the *drive* supports, not about the *media*.  Fortunately floppy disks
; tend to have a fixed, well-defined geometry which is stored in the superblock.
;
		; DL == drive # still
		mov ah,08h
		int 13h
		jc no_driveparm
		and ah,ah
		jnz no_driveparm
		shr dx,8
		inc dx			; Contains # of heads - 1
		mov [bsHeads],dx
		and cx,3fh
		mov [bsSecPerTrack],cx
no_driveparm:
not_harddisk:
;
; Ready to enable interrupts, captain
;
		sti

;
; Do we have EBIOS (EDD)?
;
eddcheck:
		mov bx,55AAh
		mov ah,41h		; EDD existence query
		mov dl,[DriveNumber]
		int 13h
		jc .noedd
		cmp bx,0AA55h
		jne .noedd
		test cl,1		; Extended disk access functionality set
		jz .noedd
		;
		; We have EDD support...
		;
		mov byte [getlinsec.jmp+1],(getlinsec_ebios-(getlinsec.jmp+2))
.noedd:

;
; Load the first sector of LDLINUX.SYS; this used to be all proper
; with parsing the superblock and root directory; it doesn't fit
; together with EBIOS support, unfortunately.
;
		mov eax,[FirstSector]	; Sector start
		mov bx,ldlinux_sys	; Where to load it
		call getonesec
		
		; Some modicum of integrity checking
		cmp dword [ldlinux_magic+4],LDLINUX_MAGIC^HEXDATE
		jne kaboom

		; Go for it...
		jmp ldlinux_ent

;
; getonesec: get one disk sector
;
getonesec:
		mov bp,1		; One sector
		; Fall through

;
; getlinsec: load a sequence of BP floppy sector given by the linear sector
;	     number in EAX into the buffer at ES:BX.  We try to optimize
;	     by loading up to a whole track at a time, but the user
;	     is responsible for not crossing a 64K boundary.
;	     (Yes, BP is weird for a count, but it was available...)
;
;	     On return, BX points to the first byte after the transferred
;	     block.
;
;            This routine assumes CS == DS, and trashes most registers.
;
; Stylistic note: use "xchg" instead of "mov" when the source is a register
; that is dead from that point; this saves space.  However, please keep
; the order to dst,src to keep things sane.
;
getlinsec:
		add eax,[bsHidden]		; Add partition offset
		xor edx,edx			; Zero-extend LBA (eventually allow 64 bits)

.jmp:		jmp strict short getlinsec_cbios

;
; getlinsec_ebios:
;
; getlinsec implementation for EBIOS (EDD)
;
getlinsec_ebios:
.loop:
                push bp                         ; Sectors left
.retry2:
		call maxtrans			; Enforce maximum transfer size
		movzx edi,bp			; Sectors we are about to read
		mov cx,retry_count
.retry:

		; Form DAPA on stack
		push edx
		push eax
		push es
		push bx
		push di
		push word 16
		mov si,sp
		pushad
                mov dl,[DriveNumber]
		push ds
		push ss
		pop ds				; DS <- SS
                mov ah,42h                      ; Extended Read
		int 13h
		pop ds
		popad
		lea sp,[si+16]			; Remove DAPA
		jc .error
        	pop bp
		add eax,edi			; Advance sector pointer
		sub bp,di			; Sectors left
                shl di,SECTOR_SHIFT		; 512-byte sectors
                add bx,di                   	; Advance buffer pointer
                and bp,bp
                jnz .loop

                ret

.error:
		; Some systems seem to get "stuck" in an error state when
		; using EBIOS.  Doesn't happen when using CBIOS, which is
		; good, since some other systems get timeout failures
		; waiting for the floppy disk to spin up.

		pushad				; Try resetting the device
		xor ax,ax
		mov dl,[DriveNumber]
		int 13h
		popad
		loop .retry			; CX-- and jump if not zero

		;shr word [MaxTransfer],1	; Reduce the transfer size
		;jnz .retry2

		; Total failure.  Try falling back to CBIOS.
		mov byte [getlinsec.jmp+1],(getlinsec_cbios-(getlinsec.jmp+2))
		;mov byte [MaxTransfer],63	; Max possibe CBIOS transfer

		pop bp
		; ... fall through ...

;
; getlinsec_cbios:
;
; getlinsec implementation for legacy CBIOS
;
getlinsec_cbios:
.loop:
		push edx
		push eax
		push bp
		push bx

		movzx esi,word [bsSecPerTrack]
		movzx edi,word [bsHeads]
		;
		; Dividing by sectors to get (track,sector): we may have
		; up to 2^18 tracks, so we need to use 32-bit arithmetric.
		;
		div esi
		xor cx,cx
		xchg cx,dx		; CX <- sector index (0-based)
					; EDX <- 0
		; eax = track #
		div edi			; Convert track to head/cyl

		; We should test this, but it doesn't fit...
		; cmp eax,1023
		; ja .error

		;
		; Now we have AX = cyl, DX = head, CX = sector (0-based),
		; BP = sectors to transfer, SI = bsSecPerTrack,
		; ES:BX = data target
		;

		call maxtrans			; Enforce maximum transfer size

		; Must not cross track boundaries, so BP <= SI-CX
		sub si,cx
		cmp bp,si
		jna .bp_ok
		mov bp,si
.bp_ok:	

		shl ah,6		; Because IBM was STOOPID
					; and thought 8 bits were enough
					; then thought 10 bits were enough...
		inc cx			; Sector numbers are 1-based, sigh
		or cl,ah
		mov ch,al
		mov dh,dl
		mov dl,[DriveNumber]
		xchg ax,bp		; Sector to transfer count
		mov ah,02h		; Read sectors
		mov bp,retry_count
.retry:
		pushad
		int 13h
		popad
		jc .error
.resume:
		movzx ecx,al		; ECX <- sectors transferred
		shl ax,SECTOR_SHIFT	; Convert sectors in AL to bytes in AX
		pop bx
		add bx,ax
		pop bp
		pop eax
		pop edx
		add eax,ecx
		sub bp,cx
		jnz .loop
		ret

.error:
		dec bp
		jnz .retry

		xchg ax,bp		; Sectors transferred <- 0
		shr word [MaxTransfer],1
		jnz .resume
		; Fall through to disk_error
	
;
; kaboom: write a message and bail out.
;
disk_error:
kaboom:
		xor si,si
		mov ss,si		
		mov sp,StackBuf-4 	; Reset stack
		mov ds,si		; Reset data segment
		pop dword [fdctab]	; Restore FDC table
.patch:					; When we have full code, intercept here
		mov si,bailmsg

		; Write error message, this assumes screen page 0
.loop:		lodsb
		and al,al
                jz .done
		mov ah,0Eh		; Write to screen as TTY
		mov bx,0007h		; Attribute
		int 10h
		jmp short .loop
.done:
		cbw			; AH <- 0
		int 16h			; Wait for keypress
		int 19h			; And try once more to boot...
.norge:		jmp short .norge	; If int 19h returned; this is the end

;
; Truncate BP to MaxTransfer
;
maxtrans:
		cmp bp,[MaxTransfer]
		jna .ok
		mov bp,[MaxTransfer]
.ok:		ret

;
; Error message on failure
;
bailmsg:	db 'Boot error', 0Dh, 0Ah, 0

		; This fails if the boot sector overflows
		zb 1F8h-($-$$)

FirstSector	dd 0xDEADBEEF			; Location of sector 1
MaxTransfer	dw 0x007F			; Max transfer size
bootsignature	dw 0AA55h

;
; ===========================================================================
;  End of boot sector
; ===========================================================================
;  Start of LDLINUX.SYS
; ===========================================================================

ldlinux_sys:

syslinux_banner	db 0Dh, 0Ah
		db 'EXTLINUX '
		db version_str, ' ', date, ' ', 0
		db 0Dh, 0Ah, 1Ah	; EOF if we "type" this in DOS

		align 8, db 0
ldlinux_magic	dd LDLINUX_MAGIC
		dd LDLINUX_MAGIC^HEXDATE

;
; This area is patched by the installer.  It is found by looking for
; LDLINUX_MAGIC, plus 8 bytes.
;
patch_area:
LDLDwords	dw 0		; Total dwords starting at ldlinux_sys
LDLSectors	dw 0		; Number of sectors - (bootsec+this sec)
CheckSum	dd 0		; Checksum starting at ldlinux_sys
				; value = LDLINUX_MAGIC - [sum of dwords]
CurrentDir	dd 2		; "Current" directory inode number

; Space for up to 64 sectors, the theoretical maximum
SectorPtrs	times 64 dd 0

ldlinux_ent:
; 
; Note that some BIOSes are buggy and run the boot sector at 07C0:0000
; instead of 0000:7C00 and the like.  We don't want to add anything
; more to the boot sector, so it is written to not assume a fixed
; value in CS, but we don't want to deal with that anymore from now
; on.
;
		jmp 0:.next
.next:

;
; Tell the user we got this far
;
		mov si,syslinux_banner
		call writestr

;
; Tell the user if we're using EBIOS or CBIOS
;
print_bios:
		mov si,cbios_name
		cmp byte [getlinsec.jmp+1],(getlinsec_ebios-(getlinsec.jmp+2))
		jne .cbios
		mov si,ebios_name
.cbios:
		mov [BIOSName],si
		call writestr

		section .bss
%define	HAVE_BIOSNAME 1
BIOSName	resw 1

		section .text
;
; Now we read the rest of LDLINUX.SYS.	Don't bother loading the first
; sector again, though.
;
load_rest:
		mov si,SectorPtrs
		mov bx,7C00h+2*SECTOR_SIZE	; Where we start loading
		mov cx,[LDLSectors]

.get_chunk:
		jcxz .done
		xor bp,bp
		lodsd				; First sector of this chunk

		mov edx,eax

.make_chunk:
		inc bp
		dec cx
		jz .chunk_ready
		inc edx				; Next linear sector
		cmp [si],edx			; Does it match
		jnz .chunk_ready		; If not, this is it
		add si,4			; If so, add sector to chunk
		jmp short .make_chunk

.chunk_ready:
		call getlinsecsr
		shl bp,SECTOR_SHIFT
		add bx,bp
		jmp .get_chunk

.done:

;
; All loaded up, verify that we got what we needed.
; Note: the checksum field is embedded in the checksum region, so
; by the time we get to the end it should all cancel out.
;
verify_checksum:
		mov si,ldlinux_sys
		mov cx,[LDLDwords]
		mov edx,-LDLINUX_MAGIC
.checksum:
		lodsd
		add edx,eax
		loop .checksum

		and edx,edx			; Should be zero
		jz all_read			; We're cool, go for it!

;
; Uh-oh, something went bad...
;
		mov si,checksumerr_msg
		call writestr
		jmp kaboom

;
; -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Subroutines that have to be in the first sector
; -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

;
;
; writestr: write a null-terminated string to the console
;	    This assumes we're on page 0.  This is only used for early
;           messages, so it should be OK.
;
writestr:
.loop:		lodsb
		and al,al
                jz .return
		mov ah,0Eh		; Write to screen as TTY
		mov bx,0007h		; Attribute
		int 10h
		jmp short .loop
.return:	ret


; getlinsecsr: save registers, call getlinsec, restore registers
;
getlinsecsr:	pushad
		call getlinsec
		popad
		ret

;
; Checksum error message
;
checksumerr_msg	db ' Load error - ', 0	; Boot failed appended

;
; BIOS type string
;
cbios_name	db 'CBIOS', 0
ebios_name	db 'EBIOS', 0

;
; Debug routine
;
%ifdef debug
safedumpregs:
		cmp word [Debug_Magic],0D00Dh
		jnz nc_return
		jmp dumpregs
%endif

rl_checkpt	equ $				; Must be <= 8000h

rl_checkpt_off	equ ($-$$)
%ifndef DEPEND
%if rl_checkpt_off > 400h
%error "Sector 1 overflow"
%endif
%endif

; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;  End of code and data that have to be in the first sector
; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

all_read:
;
; Let the user (and programmer!) know we got this far.  This used to be
; in Sector 1, but makes a lot more sense here.
;
		mov si,copyright_str
		call writestr

;
; Insane hack to expand the DOS superblock to dwords
;
expand_super:
		xor eax,eax
		mov si,superblock
		mov di,SuperInfo
		mov cx,superinfo_size
.loop:
		lodsw
		dec si
		stosd				; Store expanded word
		xor ah,ah
		stosd				; Store expanded byte
		loop .loop

;
; Load the real (ext2) superblock; 1024 bytes long at offset 1024
;
		mov bx,SuperBlock
		mov eax,1024 >> SECTOR_SHIFT
		mov bp,ax
		call getlinsec

;
; Compute some values...
;
		xor edx,edx
		inc edx

		; s_log_block_size = log2(blocksize) - 10
		mov cl,[SuperBlock+s_log_block_size]
		add cl,10
		mov [ClustByteShift],cl
		mov eax,edx
		shl eax,cl
		mov [ClustSize],eax

		sub cl,SECTOR_SHIFT
		mov [ClustShift],cl
		shr eax,SECTOR_SHIFT
		mov [SecPerClust],eax
		dec eax
		mov [ClustMask],eax

		add cl,SECTOR_SHIFT-2		; 4 bytes/pointer
		shl edx,cl
		mov [PtrsPerBlock1],edx
		shl edx,cl
		mov [PtrsPerBlock2],edx

;
; Common initialization code
;
%include "init.inc"
%include "cpuinit.inc"

;
; Initialize the metadata cache
;
		call initcache

;
; Now, everything is "up and running"... patch kaboom for more
; verbosity and using the full screen system
;
		; E9 = JMP NEAR
		mov dword [kaboom.patch],0e9h+((kaboom2-(kaboom.patch+3)) << 8)

;
; Now we're all set to start with our *real* business.	First load the
; configuration file (if any) and parse it.
;
; In previous versions I avoided using 32-bit registers because of a
; rumour some BIOSes clobbered the upper half of 32-bit registers at
; random.  I figure, though, that if there are any of those still left
; they probably won't be trying to install Linux on them...
;
; The code is still ripe with 16-bitisms, though.  Not worth the hassle
; to take'm out.  In fact, we may want to put them back if we're going
; to boot ELKS at some point.
;

;
; Load configuration file
;
load_config:
		mov di,ConfigName
		call open
		jz no_config_file

;
; Now we have the config file open.  Parse the config file and
; run the user interface.
;
%include "ui.inc"

;
; Linux kernel loading code is common.
;
%include "runkernel.inc"

;
; COMBOOT-loading code
;
%include "comboot.inc"
%include "com32.inc"
%include "cmdline.inc"

;
; Boot sector loading code
;
%include "bootsect.inc"


;
; getlinsec_ext: same as getlinsec, except load any sector from the zero
;		 block as all zeros; use to load any data derived
;		 from an ext2 block pointer, i.e. anything *except the
;		 superblock.*
;
getonesec_ext:
		mov bp,1

getlinsec_ext:
		cmp eax,[SecPerClust]
		jae getlinsec			; Nothing fancy

		; If we get here, at least part of what we want is in the
		; zero block.  Zero one sector at a time and loop.
		push eax
		push cx
		xchg di,bx
		xor eax,eax
		mov cx,SECTOR_SIZE >> 2
		rep stosd
		xchg di,bx
		pop cx
		pop eax
		inc eax
		dec bp
		jnz getlinsec_ext
		ret

;
; Abort loading code
;
%include "abort.inc"

;
; allocate_file: Allocate a file structure
;
;		If successful:
;		  ZF set
;		  BX = file pointer
;		In unsuccessful:
;		  ZF clear
;
allocate_file:
		TRACER 'a'
		push cx
		mov bx,Files
		mov cx,MAX_OPEN
.check:		cmp dword [bx], byte 0
		je .found
		add bx,open_file_t_size		; ZF = 0
		loop .check
		; ZF = 0 if we fell out of the loop
.found:		pop cx
		ret
;
; open_inode:
;	     Open a file indicated by an inode number in EAX
;
;	     NOTE: This file considers finding a zero-length file an
;	     error.  This is so we don't have to deal with that special
;	     case elsewhere in the program (most loops have the test
;	     at the end).
;
;	     If successful:
;		ZF clear
;		SI	    = file pointer
;		DX:AX = EAX = file length in bytes
;		ThisInode   = the first 128 bytes of the inode
;	     If unsuccessful
;		ZF set
;
;	     Assumes CS == DS == ES.
;
open_inode.allocate_failure:
		xor eax,eax
		pop bx
		pop di
		ret

open_inode:
		push di
		push bx
		call allocate_file
		jnz .allocate_failure

		push cx
		push gs
		; First, get the appropriate inode group and index
		dec eax				; There is no inode 0
		xor edx,edx
		mov [bx+file_sector],edx
		div dword [SuperBlock+s_inodes_per_group]
		; EAX = inode group; EDX = inode within group
		push edx

		; Now, we need the block group descriptor.
		; To get that, we first need the relevant descriptor block.
				
		shl eax, ext2_group_desc_lg2size ; Get byte offset in desc table
		xor edx,edx
		div dword [ClustSize]
		; eax = block #, edx = offset in block
		add eax,dword [SuperBlock+s_first_data_block]
		inc eax				; s_first_data_block+1
		mov cl,[ClustShift]
		shl eax,cl
		push edx
		shr edx,SECTOR_SHIFT
		add eax,edx
		pop edx
		and dx,SECTOR_SIZE-1
		call getcachesector		; Get the group descriptor
		add si,dx
		mov esi,[gs:si+bg_inode_table]	; Get inode table block #
		pop eax				; Get inode within group
		movzx edx, word [SuperBlock+s_inode_size]
		mul edx
		; edx:eax = byte offset in inode table
		div dword [ClustSize]
		; eax = block # versus inode table, edx = offset in block
		add eax,esi
		shl eax,cl			; Turn into sector
		push dx
		shr edx,SECTOR_SHIFT
		add eax,edx
		mov [bx+file_in_sec],eax
		pop dx
		and dx,SECTOR_SIZE-1
		mov [bx+file_in_off],dx

		call getcachesector
		add si,dx
		mov cx,EXT2_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE >> 2
		mov di,ThisInode
		gs rep movsd

		mov ax,[ThisInode+i_mode]
		mov [bx+file_mode],ax
		mov eax,[ThisInode+i_size]
		push eax
		add eax,SECTOR_SIZE-1
		shr eax,SECTOR_SHIFT
		mov [bx+file_left],eax
		pop eax
		mov si,bx
		mov edx,eax
		shr edx,16			; 16-bitism, sigh
		and eax,eax			; ZF clear unless zero-length file
		pop gs
		pop cx
		pop bx
		pop di
		ret

		section .latebss
		alignb 4
ThisInode	resb EXT2_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE	; The most recently opened inode

		section .text
;
; close:
;	     Deallocates a file structure (pointer in SI)
;	     Assumes CS == DS.
;
close:
		mov dword [si],0		; First dword == file_left
		ret

;
; searchdir:
;	     Search the root directory for a pre-mangled filename in DS:DI.
;
;	     NOTE: This file considers finding a zero-length file an
;	     error.  This is so we don't have to deal with that special
;	     case elsewhere in the program (most loops have the test
;	     at the end).
;
;	     If successful:
;		ZF clear
;		SI	    = file pointer
;		DX:AX = EAX = file length in bytes
;	     If unsuccessful
;		ZF set
;
;	     Assumes CS == DS == ES; *** IS THIS CORRECT ***?
;
searchdir:
		push bx
		push cx
		push bp
		mov byte [SymlinkCtr],MAX_SYMLINKS

		mov eax,[CurrentDir]
.begin_path:
.leadingslash:
		cmp byte [di],'/'	; Absolute filename?
		jne .gotdir
		mov eax,EXT2_ROOT_INO
		inc di			; Skip slash
		jmp .leadingslash
.gotdir:

		; At this point, EAX contains the directory inode,
		; and DS:DI contains a pathname tail.
.open:
		push eax		; Save directory inode

		call open_inode
		jz .done		; If error, done

		mov cx,[si+file_mode]
		shr cx,S_IFSHIFT	; Get file type

		cmp cx,T_IFDIR
		je .directory

		add sp,4		; Drop directory inode

		cmp cx,T_IFREG
		je .file
		cmp cx,T_IFLNK
		je .symlink

		; Otherwise, something bad...
.err:
		call close
.err_noclose:
		xor eax,eax
		xor si,si
		cwd			; DX <- 0

.done:
		and eax,eax		; Set/clear ZF
		pop bp
		pop cx
		pop bx
		ret

		;
		; It's a file.
		;
.file:
		cmp byte [di],0		; End of path?
		je .done		; If so, done
		jmp .err		; Otherwise, error

		;
		; It's a directory.
		;
.directory:
		pop dword [ThisDir]	; Remember what directory we're searching

		cmp byte [di],0		; More path?
		je .err			; If not, bad
		
.skipslash:				; Skip redundant slashes
		cmp byte [di],'/'
		jne .readdir
		inc di
		jmp .skipslash

.readdir:
		mov bx,trackbuf
		push bx
		mov cx,[SecPerClust]
		call getfssec
		pop bx
		pushf			; Save EOF flag
		push si			; Save filesystem pointer
.getent:
		cmp dword [bx+d_inode],0
		je .endblock
		
		push di
		movzx cx,byte [bx+d_name_len]
		lea si,[bx+d_name]
		repe cmpsb
		je .maybe
.nope:
		pop di

		add bx,[bx+d_rec_len]
		jmp .getent

.endblock:
		pop si
		popf
		jnc .readdir		; There is more
		jmp .err		; Otherwise badness...

.maybe:
		mov eax,[bx+d_inode]
		
		; Does this match the end of the requested filename?
		cmp byte [di],0
		je .finish
		cmp byte [di],'/'
		jne .nope

		; We found something; now we need to open the file
.finish:
		pop bx			; Adjust stack (di)
		pop si
		call close		; Close directory
		pop bx			; Adjust stack (flags)
		jmp .open

		;
		; It's a symlink.  We have to determine if it's a fast symlink
		; (data stored in the inode) or not (data stored as a regular
		; file.)  Either which way, we start from the directory
		; which we just visited if relative, or from the root directory
		; if absolute, and append any remaining part of the path.
		;
.symlink:
		dec byte [SymlinkCtr]
		jz .err			; Too many symlink references

		cmp eax,SYMLINK_SECTORS*SECTOR_SIZE
		jae .err		; Symlink too long

		; Computation for fast symlink, as defined by ext2/3 spec
		xor ecx,ecx
		cmp [ThisInode+i_file_acl],ecx
		setne cl		; ECX <- i_file_acl ? 1 : 0
		cmp [ThisInode+i_blocks],ecx
		jne .slow_symlink

		; It's a fast symlink
.fast_symlink:
		call close		; We've got all we need
		mov si,ThisInode+i_block

		push di
		mov di,SymlinkTmpBuf
		mov ecx,eax
		rep movsb
		pop si

.symlink_finish:
		cmp byte [si],0
		je .no_slash
		mov al,'/'
		stosb
.no_slash:
		mov bp,SymlinkTmpBufEnd
		call strecpy
		jc .err_noclose		; Buffer overflow

		; Now copy it to the "real" buffer; we need to have
		; two buffers so we avoid overwriting the tail on the
		; next copy
		mov si,SymlinkTmpBuf
		mov di,SymlinkBuf
		push di
		call strcpy
		pop di
		mov eax,[ThisDir]	; Resume searching previous directory
		jmp .begin_path

.slow_symlink:
		mov bx,SymlinkTmpBuf
		mov cx,SYMLINK_SECTORS
		call getfssec
		; The EOF closed the file

		mov si,di		; SI = filename tail
		mov di,SymlinkTmpBuf
		add di,ax		; AX = file length
		jmp .symlink_finish


		section .bss
		alignb	4
SymlinkBuf	resb	SYMLINK_SECTORS*SECTOR_SIZE+64
SymlinkTmpBuf	 equ	trackbuf
SymlinkTmpBufEnd equ	trackbuf+SYMLINK_SECTORS*SECTOR_SIZE+64
ThisDir		resd	1
SymlinkCtr	resb	1

		section .text
;
; mangle_name: Mangle a filename pointed to by DS:SI into a buffer pointed
;	       to by ES:DI; ends on encountering any whitespace.
;
;	       This verifies that a filename is < FILENAME_MAX characters,
;	       doesn't contain whitespace, zero-pads the output buffer,
;	       and removes redundant slashes,
;	       so "repe cmpsb" can do a compare, and the
;	       path-searching routine gets a bit of an easier job.
;
;	       FIX: we may want to support \-escapes here (and this would
;	       be the place.)
;	       
mangle_name:
		push bx
		xor ax,ax
		mov cx,FILENAME_MAX-1
		mov bx,di

.mn_loop:
		lodsb
		cmp al,' '			; If control or space, end
		jna .mn_end
		cmp al,ah			; Repeated slash?
		je .mn_skip
		xor ah,ah
		cmp al,'/'
		jne .mn_ok
		mov ah,al
.mn_ok		stosb
.mn_skip:	loop .mn_loop
.mn_end:
		cmp bx,di			; At the beginning of the buffer?
		jbe .mn_zero
		cmp byte [di-1],'/'		; Terminal slash?
		jne .mn_zero
.mn_kill:	dec di				; If so, remove it
		inc cx
		jmp short .mn_end
.mn_zero:
		inc cx				; At least one null byte
		xor ax,ax			; Zero-fill name
		rep stosb
		pop bx
		ret				; Done

;
; unmangle_name: Does the opposite of mangle_name; converts a DOS-mangled
;                filename to the conventional representation.  This is needed
;                for the BOOT_IMAGE= parameter for the kernel.
;                NOTE: A 13-byte buffer is mandatory, even if the string is
;                known to be shorter.
;
;                DS:SI -> input mangled file name
;                ES:DI -> output buffer
;
;                On return, DI points to the first byte after the output name,
;                which is set to a null byte.
;
unmangle_name:	call strcpy
		dec di				; Point to final null byte
		ret

;
; writechr:	Write a single character in AL to the console without
;		mangling any registers; handle video pages correctly.
;
writechr:
		call write_serial	; write to serial port if needed
		pushfd
		test byte [cs:DisplayCon],01h
		jz .nothing
		pushad
		mov ah,0Eh
		mov bl,07h		; attribute
		mov bh,[cs:BIOS_page]	; current page
		int 10h
		popad
.nothing:
		popfd
		ret

;
;
; kaboom2: once everything is loaded, replace the part of kaboom
;	   starting with "kaboom.patch" with this part

kaboom2:
		mov si,err_bootfailed
		call cwritestr
		call getchar
		call vgaclearmode
		int 19h			; And try once more to boot...
.norge:		jmp short .norge	; If int 19h returned; this is the end


;
; linsector:	Convert a linear sector index in a file to a linear sector number
;	EAX	-> linear sector number
;	DS:SI	-> open_file_t
;
;		Returns next sector number in EAX; CF on EOF (not an error!)
;
linsector:
		push gs
		push ebx
		push esi
		push edi
		push ecx
		push edx
		push ebp

		push eax		; Save sector index
		mov cl,[ClustShift]
		shr eax,cl		; Convert to block number
		push eax
		mov eax,[si+file_in_sec]
		mov bx,si
		call getcachesector	; Get inode
		add si,[bx+file_in_off]	; Get *our* inode
		pop eax
		lea ebx,[i_block+4*eax]
		cmp eax,EXT2_NDIR_BLOCKS
		jb .direct
		mov ebx,i_block+4*EXT2_IND_BLOCK
		sub eax,EXT2_NDIR_BLOCKS
		mov ebp,[PtrsPerBlock1]
		cmp eax,ebp
		jb .ind1
		mov ebx,i_block+4*EXT2_DIND_BLOCK
		sub eax,ebp
		mov ebp,[PtrsPerBlock2]
		cmp eax,ebp
		jb .ind2
		mov ebx,i_block+4*EXT2_TIND_BLOCK
		sub eax,ebp

.ind3:
		; Triple indirect; eax contains the block no
		; with respect to the start of the tind area;
		; ebx contains the pointer to the tind block.
		xor edx,edx
		div dword [PtrsPerBlock2]
		; EAX = which dind block, EDX = pointer within dind block
		push ax
		shr eax,SECTOR_SHIFT-2
		mov ebp,[gs:si+bx]
		shl ebp,cl
		add eax,ebp
		call getcachesector
		pop bx
		and bx,(SECTOR_SIZE >> 2)-1
		shl bx,2
		mov eax,edx		; The ind2 code wants the remainder...

.ind2:
		; Double indirect; eax contains the block no
		; with respect to the start of the dind area;
		; ebx contains the pointer to the dind block.
		xor edx,edx
		div dword [PtrsPerBlock1]
		; EAX = which ind block, EDX = pointer within ind block
		push ax
		shr eax,SECTOR_SHIFT-2
		mov ebp,[gs:si+bx]
		shl ebp,cl
		add eax,ebp
		call getcachesector
		pop bx
		and bx,(SECTOR_SIZE >> 2)-1
		shl bx,2
		mov eax,edx		; The int1 code wants the remainder...

.ind1:
		; Single indirect; eax contains the block no
		; with respect to the start of the ind area;
		; ebx contains the pointer to the ind block.
		push ax
		shr eax,SECTOR_SHIFT-2
		mov ebp,[gs:si+bx]
		shl ebp,cl
		add eax,ebp
		call getcachesector
		pop bx
		and bx,(SECTOR_SIZE >> 2)-1
		shl bx,2

.direct:
		mov ebx,[gs:bx+si]	; Get the pointer

		pop eax			; Get the sector index again
		shl ebx,cl		; Convert block number to sector
		and eax,[ClustMask]	; Add offset within block
		add eax,ebx

		pop ebp
		pop edx
		pop ecx
		pop edi
		pop esi
		pop ebx
		pop gs
		ret

;
; getfssec: Get multiple sectors from a file
;
;	Same as above, except SI is a pointer to a open_file_t
;
;	ES:BX	-> Buffer
;	DS:SI	-> Pointer to open_file_t
;	CX	-> Sector count (0FFFFh = until end of file)
;                  Must not exceed the ES segment
;	Returns CF=1 on EOF (not necessarily error)
;	All arguments are advanced to reflect data read.
;
getfssec:
		push ebp
		push eax
		push edx
		push edi

		movzx ecx,cx
		cmp ecx,[si]			; Number of sectors left
		jbe .lenok
		mov cx,[si]
.lenok:
.getfragment:
		mov eax,[si+file_sector]	; Current start index
		mov edi,eax
		call linsector
		push eax			; Fragment start sector
		mov edx,eax
		xor ebp,ebp			; Fragment sector count
.getseccnt:
		inc bp
		dec cx
		jz .do_read
		xor eax,eax
		mov ax,es
		shl ax,4
		add ax,bx			; Now DI = how far into 64K block we are
		not ax				; Bytes left in 64K block
		inc eax
		shr eax,SECTOR_SHIFT		; Sectors left in 64K block
		cmp bp,ax
		jnb .do_read			; Unless there is at least 1 more sector room...
		inc edi				; Sector index
		inc edx				; Linearly next sector
		mov eax,edi
		call linsector
		; jc .do_read
		cmp edx,eax
		je .getseccnt
.do_read:
		pop eax				; Linear start sector
		pushad
		call getlinsec_ext
		popad
		push bp
		shl bp,9
		add bx,bp			; Adjust buffer pointer
		pop bp
		add [si+file_sector],ebp	; Next sector index
		sub [si],ebp			; Sectors consumed
		jcxz .done
		jnz .getfragment
		; Fall through
.done:
		cmp dword [si],1		; Did we run out of file?
		; CF set if [SI] < 1, i.e. == 0
		pop edi
		pop edx
		pop eax
		pop ebp
		ret

; -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;  Common modules
; -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

%include "getc.inc"		; getc et al
%include "conio.inc"		; Console I/O
%include "writestr.inc"		; String output
%include "parseconfig.inc"	; High-level config file handling
%include "parsecmd.inc"		; Low-level config file handling
%include "bcopy32.inc"		; 32-bit bcopy
%include "loadhigh.inc"		; Load a file into high memory
%include "font.inc"		; VGA font stuff
%include "graphics.inc"		; VGA graphics
%include "highmem.inc"		; High memory sizing
%include "strcpy.inc"           ; strcpy()
%include "strecpy.inc"          ; strcpy with end pointer check
%include "cache.inc"

; -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;  Begin data section
; -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

		section .data
copyright_str   db ' Copyright (C) 1994-', year, ' H. Peter Anvin'
		db CR, LF, 0
boot_prompt	db 'boot: ', 0
wipe_char	db BS, ' ', BS, 0
err_notfound	db 'Could not find kernel image: ',0
err_notkernel	db CR, LF, 'Invalid or corrupt kernel image.', CR, LF, 0
err_noram	db 'It appears your computer has less than '
		asciidec dosram_k
		db 'K of low ("DOS")'
		db CR, LF
		db 'RAM.  Linux needs at least this amount to boot.  If you get'
		db CR, LF
		db 'this message in error, hold down the Ctrl key while'
		db CR, LF
		db 'booting, and I will take your word for it.', CR, LF, 0
err_badcfg      db 'Unknown keyword in extlinux.conf.', CR, LF, 0
err_noparm      db 'Missing parameter in extlinux.conf.', CR, LF, 0
err_noinitrd    db CR, LF, 'Could not find ramdisk image: ', 0
err_nohighmem   db 'Not enough memory to load specified kernel.', CR, LF, 0
err_highload    db CR, LF, 'Kernel transfer failure.', CR, LF, 0
err_oldkernel   db 'Cannot load a ramdisk with an old kernel image.'
                db CR, LF, 0
err_notdos	db ': attempted DOS system call', CR, LF, 0
err_comlarge	db 'COMBOOT image too large.', CR, LF, 0
err_bssimage	db 'BSS images not supported.', CR, LF, 0
err_a20		db CR, LF, 'A20 gate not responding!', CR, LF, 0
err_bootfailed	db CR, LF, 'Boot failed: please change disks and press '
		db 'a key to continue.', CR, LF, 0
ready_msg	db 'Ready.', CR, LF, 0
crlfloading_msg	db CR, LF
loading_msg     db 'Loading ', 0
dotdot_msg      db '.'
dot_msg         db '.', 0
aborted_msg	db ' aborted.'			; Fall through to crlf_msg!
crlf_msg	db CR, LF
null_msg	db 0
crff_msg	db CR, FF, 0
ConfigName	db 'extlinux.conf',0		; Unmangled form

;
; Command line options we'd like to take a look at
;
; mem= and vga= are handled as normal 32-bit integer values
initrd_cmd	db 'initrd='
initrd_cmd_len	equ 7

;
; Config file keyword table
;
%include "keywords.inc"

;
; Extensions to search for (in *forward* order).
;
		align 4, db 0
exten_table:	db '.cbt'		; COMBOOT (specific)
		db '.img'		; Disk image
		db '.bs', 0		; Boot sector
		db '.com'		; COMBOOT (same as DOS)
		db '.c32'		; COM32
exten_table_end:
		dd 0, 0			; Need 8 null bytes here

;
; Misc initialized (data) variables
;
%ifdef debug				; This code for debugging only
debug_magic	dw 0D00Dh		; Debug code sentinel
%endif

		alignb 4, db 0
BufSafe		dw trackbufsize/SECTOR_SIZE	; Clusters we can load into trackbuf
BufSafeSec	dw trackbufsize/SECTOR_SIZE	; = how many sectors?
BufSafeBytes	dw trackbufsize		; = how many bytes?
EndOfGetCBuf	dw getcbuf+trackbufsize	; = getcbuf+BufSafeBytes
%ifndef DEPEND
%if ( trackbufsize % SECTOR_SIZE ) != 0
%error trackbufsize must be a multiple of SECTOR_SIZE
%endif
%endif