git-fast-export.adoc

git-fast-export(1)
==================

NAME
----
git-fast-export - Git data exporter


SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
'git fast-export' [<options>] | 'git fast-import'

DESCRIPTION
-----------
This program dumps the given revisions in a form suitable to be piped
into 'git fast-import'.

You can use it as a human-readable bundle replacement (see
linkgit:git-bundle[1]), or as a format that can be edited before being
fed to 'git fast-import' in order to do history rewrites (an ability
relied on by tools like 'git filter-repo').

OPTIONS
-------
--progress=<n>::
	Insert 'progress' statements every <n> objects, to be shown by
	'git fast-import' during import.

--signed-tags=(verbatim|warn-verbatim|warn-strip|strip|abort)::
	Specify how to handle signed tags.  Since any transformation
	after the export (or during the export, such as excluding
	revisions) can change the hashes being signed, the signatures
	may become invalid.
+
When asking to 'abort' (which is the default), this program will die
when encountering a signed tag.  With 'strip', the tags will silently
be made unsigned, with 'warn-strip' they will be made unsigned but a
warning will be displayed, with 'verbatim', they will be silently
exported and with 'warn-verbatim' (or 'warn', a deprecated synonym),
they will be exported, but you will see a warning.  'verbatim' and
'warn-verbatim' should only be used if you know that no transformation
affecting tags or any commit in their history will be performed by you
or by fast-export or fast-import, or if you do not care that the
resulting tag will have an invalid signature.

--signed-commits=(verbatim|warn-verbatim|warn-strip|strip|abort)::
	Specify how to handle signed commits.  Behaves exactly as
	'--signed-tags', but for commits.  Default is 'strip', which
	is the same as how earlier versions of this command without
	this option behaved.
+
When exported, a signature starts with:
+
gpgsig <git-hash-algo> <signature-format>
+
where <git-hash-algo> is the Git object hash so either "sha1" or
"sha256", and <signature-format> is the signature type, so "openpgp",
"x509", "ssh" or "unknown".
+
For example, an OpenPGP signature on a SHA-1 commit starts with
`gpgsig sha1 openpgp`, while an SSH signature on a SHA-256 commit
starts with `gpgsig sha256 ssh`.
+
While all the signatures of a commit are exported, an importer may
choose to accept only some of them. For example
linkgit:git-fast-import[1] currently stores at most one signature per
Git hash algorithm in each commit.
+
NOTE: This is highly experimental and the format of the data stream may
change in the future without compatibility guarantees.

--tag-of-filtered-object=(abort|drop|rewrite)::
	Specify how to handle tags whose tagged object is filtered out.
	Since revisions and files to export can be limited by path,
	tagged objects may be filtered completely.
+
When asking to 'abort' (which is the default), this program will die
when encountering such a tag.  With 'drop' it will omit such tags from
the output.  With 'rewrite', if the tagged object is a commit, it will
rewrite the tag to tag an ancestor commit (via parent rewriting; see
linkgit:git-rev-list[1]).

-M::
-C::
	Perform move and/or copy detection, as described in the
	linkgit:git-diff[1] manual page, and use it to generate
	rename and copy commands in the output dump.
+
Note that earlier versions of this command did not complain and
produced incorrect results if you gave these options.

--export-marks=<file>::
	Dumps the internal marks table to <file> when complete.
	Marks are written one per line as `:markid SHA-1`. Only marks
	for revisions are dumped; marks for blobs are ignored.
	Backends can use this file to validate imports after they
	have been completed, or to save the marks table across
	incremental runs.  As <file> is only opened and truncated
	at completion, the same path can also be safely given to
	--import-marks.
	The file will not be written if no new object has been
	marked/exported.

--import-marks=<file>::
	Before processing any input, load the marks specified in
	<file>.  The input file must exist, must be readable, and
	must use the same format as produced by --export-marks.

--mark-tags::
	In addition to labelling blobs and commits with mark ids, also
	label tags.  This is useful in conjunction with
	`--export-marks` and `--import-marks`, and is also useful (and
	necessary) for exporting of nested tags.  It does not hurt
	other cases and would be the default, but many fast-import
	frontends are not prepared to accept tags with mark
	identifiers.
+
Any commits (or tags) that have already been marked will not be
exported again.  If the backend uses a similar --import-marks file,
this allows for incremental bidirectional exporting of the repository
by keeping the marks the same across runs.

--fake-missing-tagger::
	Some old repositories have tags without a tagger.  The
	fast-import protocol was pretty strict about that, and did not
	allow that.  So fake a tagger to be able to fast-import the
	output.

--use-done-feature::
	Start the stream with a 'feature done' stanza, and terminate
	it with a 'done' command.

--no-data::
	Skip output of blob objects and instead refer to blobs via
	their original SHA-1 hash.  This is useful when rewriting the
	directory structure or history of a repository without
	touching the contents of individual files.  Note that the
	resulting stream can only be used by a repository which
	already contains the necessary objects.

--full-tree::
	This option will cause fast-export to issue a "deleteall"
	directive for each commit followed by a full list of all files
	in the commit (as opposed to just listing the files which are
	different from the commit's first parent).

--anonymize::
	Anonymize the contents of the repository while still retaining
	the shape of the history and stored tree.  See the section on
	`ANONYMIZING` below.

--anonymize-map=<from>[:<to>]::
	Convert token `<from>` to `<to>` in the anonymized output. If
	`<to>` is omitted, map `<from>` to itself (i.e., do not
	anonymize it). See the section on `ANONYMIZING` below.

--reference-excluded-parents::
	By default, running a command such as `git fast-export
	master~5..master` will not include the commit master{tilde}5
	and will make master{tilde}4 no longer have master{tilde}5 as
	a parent (though both the old master{tilde}4 and new
	master{tilde}4 will have all the same files).  Use
	--reference-excluded-parents to instead have the stream
	refer to commits in the excluded range of history by their
	sha1sum.  Note that the resulting stream can only be used by a
	repository which already contains the necessary parent
	commits.

--show-original-ids::
	Add an extra directive to the output for commits and blobs,
	`original-oid <SHA1SUM>`.  While such directives will likely be
	ignored by importers such as git-fast-import, it may be useful
	for intermediary filters (e.g. for rewriting commit messages
	which refer to older commits, or for stripping blobs by id).

--reencode=(yes|no|abort)::
	Specify how to handle `encoding` header in commit objects.  When
	asking to 'abort' (which is the default), this program will die
	when encountering such a commit object.  With 'yes', the commit
	message will be re-encoded into UTF-8.  With 'no', the original
	encoding will be preserved.

--refspec::
	Apply the specified refspec to each ref exported. Multiple of them can
	be specified.

[<git-rev-list-args>...]::
	A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git rev-parse' and
	'git rev-list', that specifies the specific objects and references
	to export.  For example, `master~10..master` causes the
	current master reference to be exported along with all objects
	added since its 10th ancestor commit and (unless the
	--reference-excluded-parents option is specified) all files
	common to master{tilde}9 and master{tilde}10.

EXAMPLES
--------

-------------------------------------------------------------------
$ git fast-export --all | (cd /empty/repository && git fast-import)
-------------------------------------------------------------------

This will export the whole repository and import it into the existing
empty repository.  Except for reencoding commits that are not in
UTF-8, it would be a one-to-one mirror.

-----------------------------------------------------
$ git fast-export master~5..master |
	sed "s|refs/heads/master|refs/heads/other|" |
	git fast-import
-----------------------------------------------------

This makes a new branch called 'other' from 'master~5..master'
(i.e. if 'master' has linear history, it will take the last 5 commits).

Note that this assumes that none of the blobs and commit messages
referenced by that revision range contains the string
'refs/heads/master'.


ANONYMIZING
-----------

If the `--anonymize` option is given, git will attempt to remove all
identifying information from the repository while still retaining enough
of the original tree and history patterns to reproduce some bugs. The
goal is that a git bug which is found on a private repository will
persist in the anonymized repository, and the latter can be shared with
git developers to help solve the bug.

With this option, git will replace all refnames, paths, blob contents,
commit and tag messages, names, and email addresses in the output with
anonymized data.  Two instances of the same string will be replaced
equivalently (e.g., two commits with the same author will have the same
anonymized author in the output, but bear no resemblance to the original
author string). The relationship between commits, branches, and tags is
retained, as well as the commit timestamps (but the commit messages and
refnames bear no resemblance to the originals). The relative makeup of
the tree is retained (e.g., if you have a root tree with 10 files and 3
trees, so will the output), but their names and the contents of the
files will be replaced.

If you think you have found a git bug, you can start by exporting an
anonymized stream of the whole repository:

---------------------------------------------------
$ git fast-export --anonymize --all >anon-stream
---------------------------------------------------

Then confirm that the bug persists in a repository created from that
stream (many bugs will not, as they really do depend on the exact
repository contents):

---------------------------------------------------
$ git init anon-repo
$ cd anon-repo
$ git fast-import <../anon-stream
$ ... test your bug ...
---------------------------------------------------

If the anonymized repository shows the bug, it may be worth sharing
`anon-stream` along with a regular bug report. Note that the anonymized
stream compresses very well, so gzipping it is encouraged. If you want
to examine the stream to see that it does not contain any private data,
you can peruse it directly before sending. You may also want to try:

---------------------------------------------------
$ perl -pe 's/\d+/X/g' <anon-stream | sort -u | less
---------------------------------------------------

which shows all of the unique lines (with numbers converted to "X", to
collapse "User 0", "User 1", etc into "User X"). This produces a much
smaller output, and it is usually easy to quickly confirm that there is
no private data in the stream.

Reproducing some bugs may require referencing particular commits or
paths, which becomes challenging after refnames and paths have been
anonymized. You can ask for a particular token to be left as-is or
mapped to a new value. For example, if you have a bug which reproduces
with `git rev-list sensitive -- secret.c`, you can run:

---------------------------------------------------
$ git fast-export --anonymize --all \
      --anonymize-map=sensitive:foo \
      --anonymize-map=secret.c:bar.c \
      >stream
---------------------------------------------------

After importing the stream, you can then run `git rev-list foo -- bar.c`
in the anonymized repository.

Note that paths and refnames are split into tokens at slash boundaries.
The command above would anonymize `subdir/secret.c` as something like
`path123/bar.c`; you could then search for `bar.c` in the anonymized
repository to determine the final pathname.

To make referencing the final pathname simpler, you can map each path
component; so if you also anonymize `subdir` to `publicdir`, then the
final pathname would be `publicdir/bar.c`.

LIMITATIONS
-----------

Since 'git fast-import' cannot tag trees, you will not be
able to export the linux.git repository completely, as it contains
a tag referencing a tree instead of a commit.

SEE ALSO
--------
linkgit:git-fast-import[1]

GIT
---
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite