Autogenerated HTML docs for v2.45.0-rc0
diff --git a/MyFirstContribution.html b/MyFirstContribution.html
index 1306b1e..8fe009f 100644
--- a/MyFirstContribution.html
+++ b/MyFirstContribution.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>My First Contribution to the Git Project</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
diff --git a/MyFirstObjectWalk.html b/MyFirstObjectWalk.html
index a034217..bab735e 100644
--- a/MyFirstObjectWalk.html
+++ b/MyFirstObjectWalk.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>My First Object Walk</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
diff --git a/RelNotes/2.45.0.txt b/RelNotes/2.45.0.txt
index f0267cb..0570dcd 100644
--- a/RelNotes/2.45.0.txt
+++ b/RelNotes/2.45.0.txt
@@ -430,3 +430,5 @@
(merge 39bb692152 rs/imap-send-use-xsnprintf later to maint).
(merge 8d320cec60 jc/t2104-style-fixes later to maint).
(merge b4454d5a7b pw/t3428-cleanup later to maint).
+ (merge 84a7c33a4b pf/commitish-committish later to maint).
+ (merge 8882ee9d68 la/mailmap-entry later to maint).
diff --git a/ReviewingGuidelines.html b/ReviewingGuidelines.html
index 128b9c1..933eba4 100644
--- a/ReviewingGuidelines.html
+++ b/ReviewingGuidelines.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Reviewing Patches in the Git Project</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
diff --git a/SubmittingPatches.html b/SubmittingPatches.html
index 9b91129..e744f71 100644
--- a/SubmittingPatches.html
+++ b/SubmittingPatches.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Submitting Patches</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
@@ -1555,7 +1555,7 @@
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2024-04-03 15:35:56 PDT
+ 2024-04-19 09:43:35 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/ToolsForGit.html b/ToolsForGit.html
index 868b008..a88f0b9 100644
--- a/ToolsForGit.html
+++ b/ToolsForGit.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Tools for developing Git</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
diff --git a/everyday.html b/everyday.html
index 4a3e833..892bbde 100644
--- a/everyday.html
+++ b/everyday.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
diff --git a/git-bisect-lk2009.html b/git-bisect-lk2009.html
index e102ee8..fc09079 100644
--- a/git-bisect-lk2009.html
+++ b/git-bisect-lk2009.html
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@
<h1>Fighting regressions with git bisect</h1>
<span id="author">Christian Couder</span><br />
<span id="email"><code><<a href="mailto:chriscool@tuxfamily.org">chriscool@tuxfamily.org</a>></code></span><br />
-<span id="revdate">2024-02-22</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
diff --git a/git-remote-helpers.html b/git-remote-helpers.html
index 7bbdc6c..1f10373 100644
--- a/git-remote-helpers.html
+++ b/git-remote-helpers.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>git-remote-helpers</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
diff --git a/git-tools.html b/git-tools.html
index 960ac0c..4812394 100644
--- a/git-tools.html
+++ b/git-tools.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Git Tools</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-02-22</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
diff --git a/howto-index.html b/howto-index.html
index 1945707..cc00ded 100644
--- a/howto-index.html
+++ b/howto-index.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Git Howto Index</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-03-25</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -896,7 +896,7 @@
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2024-03-25 17:24:51 PDT
+ 2024-04-19 09:43:32 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/coordinate-embargoed-releases.html b/howto/coordinate-embargoed-releases.html
index 7f75be4..09f609b 100644
--- a/howto/coordinate-embargoed-releases.html
+++ b/howto/coordinate-embargoed-releases.html
@@ -1038,7 +1038,7 @@
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2024-04-16 14:54:57 PDT
+ 2024-04-19 09:43:34 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/keep-canonical-history-correct.html b/howto/keep-canonical-history-correct.html
index 11c82f2..4c0da91 100644
--- a/howto/keep-canonical-history-correct.html
+++ b/howto/keep-canonical-history-correct.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Keep authoritative canonical history correct with git pull</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -939,7 +939,7 @@
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2024-04-16 14:54:57 PDT
+ 2024-04-19 09:43:34 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/maintain-git.html b/howto/maintain-git.html
index ec7ba0a..fc7a60a 100644
--- a/howto/maintain-git.html
+++ b/howto/maintain-git.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to maintain Git</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
@@ -1479,7 +1479,7 @@
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2024-04-16 14:54:57 PDT
+ 2024-04-19 09:43:34 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/new-command.html b/howto/new-command.html
index c394e9e..19b87f5 100644
--- a/howto/new-command.html
+++ b/howto/new-command.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to integrate new subcommands</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -864,7 +864,7 @@
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2024-04-16 14:54:55 PDT
+ 2024-04-19 09:43:32 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.html b/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.html
index 986820e..6ec86b0 100644
--- a/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.html
+++ b/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to rebase from an internal branch</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -896,7 +896,7 @@
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2024-04-16 14:54:57 PDT
+ 2024-04-19 09:43:34 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.html b/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.html
index 89053dd..a222d46 100644
--- a/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.html
+++ b/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to rebuild from update hook</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -848,7 +848,7 @@
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2024-04-16 14:54:57 PDT
+ 2024-04-19 09:43:34 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.html b/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.html
index ccdc37b..ef27975 100644
--- a/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.html
+++ b/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to recover a corrupted blob object</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -881,7 +881,7 @@
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2024-04-16 14:54:57 PDT
+ 2024-04-19 09:43:33 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.html b/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.html
index 898a1a9..ee7bbdc 100644
--- a/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.html
+++ b/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to recover an object from scratch</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -1190,7 +1190,7 @@
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2024-04-16 14:54:57 PDT
+ 2024-04-19 09:43:33 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html b/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html
index 9c7863c..eceda47 100644
--- a/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html
+++ b/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to revert a faulty merge</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -1026,7 +1026,7 @@
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2024-04-16 14:54:56 PDT
+ 2024-04-19 09:43:33 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/revert-branch-rebase.html b/howto/revert-branch-rebase.html
index f989249..4690af7 100644
--- a/howto/revert-branch-rebase.html
+++ b/howto/revert-branch-rebase.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to revert an existing commit</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -908,7 +908,7 @@
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2024-04-16 14:54:55 PDT
+ 2024-04-19 09:43:33 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/separating-topic-branches.html b/howto/separating-topic-branches.html
index e6cd98e..838e3b1 100644
--- a/howto/separating-topic-branches.html
+++ b/howto/separating-topic-branches.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to separate topic branches</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -842,7 +842,7 @@
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2024-04-16 14:54:56 PDT
+ 2024-04-19 09:43:33 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html b/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html
index d0f0da8..4291a7c 100644
--- a/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html
+++ b/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to setup Git server over http</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -1072,7 +1072,7 @@
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2024-04-16 14:54:56 PDT
+ 2024-04-19 09:43:33 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/update-hook-example.html b/howto/update-hook-example.html
index 3df996c..af0d4a8 100644
--- a/howto/update-hook-example.html
+++ b/howto/update-hook-example.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to use the update hook</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -931,7 +931,7 @@
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2024-04-16 14:54:56 PDT
+ 2024-04-19 09:43:33 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/use-git-daemon.html b/howto/use-git-daemon.html
index f007932..3fa63af 100644
--- a/howto/use-git-daemon.html
+++ b/howto/use-git-daemon.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to use git-daemon</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -792,7 +792,7 @@
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2024-04-16 14:54:56 PDT
+ 2024-04-19 09:43:33 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/using-merge-subtree.html b/howto/using-merge-subtree.html
index 8e29d1b..778126f 100644
--- a/howto/using-merge-subtree.html
+++ b/howto/using-merge-subtree.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to use the subtree merge strategy</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -849,7 +849,7 @@
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2024-04-16 14:54:55 PDT
+ 2024-04-19 09:43:33 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.html b/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.html
index f752b2d..6a8c97c 100644
--- a/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.html
+++ b/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to use a signed tag in pull requests</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -953,7 +953,7 @@
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2024-04-16 14:54:55 PDT
+ 2024-04-19 09:43:33 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/technical/api-error-handling.html b/technical/api-error-handling.html
index e724804..dfa84ce 100644
--- a/technical/api-error-handling.html
+++ b/technical/api-error-handling.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Error reporting in git</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
diff --git a/technical/api-index.html b/technical/api-index.html
index 22b9815..f1dc24b 100644
--- a/technical/api-index.html
+++ b/technical/api-index.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Git API Documents</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -776,7 +776,7 @@
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2024-02-23 07:31:14 PST
+ 2024-04-19 09:43:36 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/technical/api-merge.html b/technical/api-merge.html
index 03645cb..207e7d4 100644
--- a/technical/api-merge.html
+++ b/technical/api-merge.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>merge API</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
diff --git a/technical/api-parse-options.html b/technical/api-parse-options.html
index 4bd5b68..2def8e4 100644
--- a/technical/api-parse-options.html
+++ b/technical/api-parse-options.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>parse-options API</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
diff --git a/technical/api-simple-ipc.html b/technical/api-simple-ipc.html
index b81a0ca..1d09a07 100644
--- a/technical/api-simple-ipc.html
+++ b/technical/api-simple-ipc.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Simple-IPC API</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
diff --git a/technical/api-trace2.html b/technical/api-trace2.html
index 0978a08..d3447f8 100644
--- a/technical/api-trace2.html
+++ b/technical/api-trace2.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Trace2 API</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
diff --git a/technical/bitmap-format.html b/technical/bitmap-format.html
index aceb349..c396442 100644
--- a/technical/bitmap-format.html
+++ b/technical/bitmap-format.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>GIT bitmap v1 format</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
diff --git a/technical/bundle-uri.html b/technical/bundle-uri.html
index 3662b57..afe0199 100644
--- a/technical/bundle-uri.html
+++ b/technical/bundle-uri.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Bundle URIs</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
diff --git a/technical/hash-function-transition.html b/technical/hash-function-transition.html
index 2d2c9fe..201345f 100644
--- a/technical/hash-function-transition.html
+++ b/technical/hash-function-transition.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Git hash function transition</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
diff --git a/technical/long-running-process-protocol.html b/technical/long-running-process-protocol.html
index 9dddb87..6754e47 100644
--- a/technical/long-running-process-protocol.html
+++ b/technical/long-running-process-protocol.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Long-running process protocol</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2024-04-16</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-04-19</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
diff --git a/technical/multi-pack-index.html b/technical/multi-pack-index.html
index 01ea8d9..5f4b520 100644
--- a/technical/multi-pack-index.html
+++ b/technical/multi-pack-index.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Multi-Pack-Index (MIDX) Design Notes</h1>
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<h1>Concerning Git’s Packing Heuristics</h1>
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<h1>Partial Clone Design Notes</h1>
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<h1>Unit Testing</h1>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
-<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Git User Manual</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook-xsl.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div lang="en" class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="id-1"></a>Git User Manual</h1></div><div><div class="revhistory"><table style="border-style:solid; width:100%;" summary="Revision History"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" colspan="2"><b>Revision History</b></th></tr><tr><td align="left"></td><td align="left">2024-04-16</td></tr></table></div></div></div><hr></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="preface"><a href="#_introduction">Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#repositories-and-branches">1. Repositories and Branches</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-get-a-git-repository">How to get a Git repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-check-out">How to check out a different version of a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-commits">Understanding History: Commits</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-reachability">Understanding history: commits, parents, and reachability</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-diagrams">Understanding history: History diagrams</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#what-is-a-branch">Understanding history: What is a branch?</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#manipulating-branches">Manipulating branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#detached-head">Examining an old version without creating a new branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-remote-branches">Examining branches from a remote repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-git-stores-references">Naming branches, tags, and other references</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch">Updating a repository with git fetch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-branches">Fetching branches from other repositories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#exploring-git-history">2. Exploring Git history</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-bisect">How to use bisect to find a regression</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#naming-commits">Naming commits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-tags">Creating tags</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#browsing-revisions">Browsing revisions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#generating-diffs">Generating diffs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#viewing-old-file-versions">Viewing old file versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#counting-commits-on-a-branch">Counting the number of commits on a branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-equal-branches">Check whether two branches point at the same history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#finding-tagged-descendants">Find first tagged version including a given fix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#showing-commits-unique-to-a-branch">Showing commits unique to a given branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-a-release">Creating a changelog and tarball for a software release</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Finding-commits-With-given-Content">Finding commits referencing a file with given content</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#Developing-With-git">3. Developing with Git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#telling-git-your-name">Telling Git your name</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-make-a-commit">How to make a commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-good-commit-messages">Creating good commit messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ignoring-files">Ignoring files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-merge">How to merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#resolving-a-merge">Resolving a merge</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#conflict-resolution">Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#undoing-a-merge">Undoing a merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fast-forwards">Fast-forward merges</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-mistakes">Fixing mistakes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reverting-a-commit">Fixing a mistake with a new commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-a-mistake-by-rewriting-history">Fixing a mistake by rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checkout-of-path">Checking out an old version of a file</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#interrupted-work">Temporarily setting aside work in progress</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-good-performance">Ensuring good performance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-reliability">Ensuring reliability</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-corruption">Checking the repository for corruption</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-lost-changes">Recovering lost changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#sharing-development">4. Sharing development with others</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#getting-updates-With-git-pull">Getting updates with git pull</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#submitting-patches">Submitting patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#importing-patches">Importing patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#public-repositories">Public Git repositories</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-public-repository">Setting up a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-git">Exporting a Git repository via the Git protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-http">Exporting a git repository via HTTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository">Pushing changes to a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-push">What to do when a push fails</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-shared-repository">Setting up a shared repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-gitweb">Allowing web browsing of a repository</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-get-a-git-repository-with-minimal-history">How to get a Git repository with minimal history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-development-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#maintaining-topic-branches">Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#cleaning-up-history">5. Rewriting history and maintaining patch series</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series">Creating the perfect patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-git-rebase">Keeping a patch series up to date using git rebase</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#rewriting-one-commit">Rewriting a single commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reordering-patch-series">Reordering or selecting from a patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#interactive-rebase">Using interactive rebases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series-tools">Other tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#problems-With-rewriting-history">Problems with rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#bisect-merges">Why bisecting merge commits can be harder than bisecting linear history</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#advanced-branch-management">6. Advanced branch management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-individual-branches">Fetching individual branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetch-fast-forwards">git fetch and fast-forwards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-fetch">Forcing git fetch to do non-fast-forward updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#remote-branch-configuration">Configuring remote-tracking branches</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#git-concepts">7. Git concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-object-database">The Object Database</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#commit-object">Commit Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tree-object">Tree Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#blob-object">Blob Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#trust">Trust</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tag-object">Tag Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pack-files">How Git stores objects efficiently: pack files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#dangling-objects">Dangling objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-from-repository-corruption">Recovering from repository corruption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-index">The index</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#submodules">8. Submodules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pitfalls-with-submodules">Pitfalls with submodules</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#low-level-operations">9. Low-level Git operations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-manipulation">Object access and manipulation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-workflow">The Workflow</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#working-directory-to-index">working directory → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-object-database">index → object database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-database-to-index">object database → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-working-directory">index → working directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tying-it-all-together">Tying it all together</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-the-data">Examining the data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees">Merging multiple trees</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees-2">Merging multiple trees, continued</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#hacking-git">10. Hacking Git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-details">Object storage format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#birdview-on-the-source-code">A birds-eye view of Git’s source code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#glossary">11. Git Glossary</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#git-explained">Git explained</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#git-quick-start">A. Git Quick Reference</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#quick-creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#managing-branches">Managing branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exploring-history">Exploring history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-changes">Making changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging">Merging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-your-changes">Sharing your changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#repository-maintenance">Repository maintenance</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#todo">B. Notes and todo list for this manual</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#todo-list">Todo list</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="preface"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="_introduction"></a>Introduction</h1></div></div></div><p>Git is a fast distributed revision control system.</p><p>This manual is designed to be readable by someone with basic UNIX
+<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Git User Manual</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook-xsl.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div lang="en" class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="id-1"></a>Git User Manual</h1></div><div><div class="revhistory"><table style="border-style:solid; width:100%;" summary="Revision History"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" colspan="2"><b>Revision History</b></th></tr><tr><td align="left"></td><td align="left">2024-04-19</td></tr></table></div></div></div><hr></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="preface"><a href="#_introduction">Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#repositories-and-branches">1. Repositories and Branches</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-get-a-git-repository">How to get a Git repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-check-out">How to check out a different version of a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-commits">Understanding History: Commits</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-reachability">Understanding history: commits, parents, and reachability</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-diagrams">Understanding history: History diagrams</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#what-is-a-branch">Understanding history: What is a branch?</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#manipulating-branches">Manipulating branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#detached-head">Examining an old version without creating a new branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-remote-branches">Examining branches from a remote repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-git-stores-references">Naming branches, tags, and other references</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch">Updating a repository with git fetch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-branches">Fetching branches from other repositories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#exploring-git-history">2. Exploring Git history</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-bisect">How to use bisect to find a regression</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#naming-commits">Naming commits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-tags">Creating tags</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#browsing-revisions">Browsing revisions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#generating-diffs">Generating diffs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#viewing-old-file-versions">Viewing old file versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#counting-commits-on-a-branch">Counting the number of commits on a branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-equal-branches">Check whether two branches point at the same history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#finding-tagged-descendants">Find first tagged version including a given fix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#showing-commits-unique-to-a-branch">Showing commits unique to a given branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-a-release">Creating a changelog and tarball for a software release</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Finding-commits-With-given-Content">Finding commits referencing a file with given content</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#Developing-With-git">3. Developing with Git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#telling-git-your-name">Telling Git your name</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-make-a-commit">How to make a commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-good-commit-messages">Creating good commit messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ignoring-files">Ignoring files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-merge">How to merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#resolving-a-merge">Resolving a merge</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#conflict-resolution">Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#undoing-a-merge">Undoing a merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fast-forwards">Fast-forward merges</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-mistakes">Fixing mistakes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reverting-a-commit">Fixing a mistake with a new commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-a-mistake-by-rewriting-history">Fixing a mistake by rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checkout-of-path">Checking out an old version of a file</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#interrupted-work">Temporarily setting aside work in progress</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-good-performance">Ensuring good performance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-reliability">Ensuring reliability</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-corruption">Checking the repository for corruption</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-lost-changes">Recovering lost changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#sharing-development">4. Sharing development with others</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#getting-updates-With-git-pull">Getting updates with git pull</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#submitting-patches">Submitting patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#importing-patches">Importing patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#public-repositories">Public Git repositories</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-public-repository">Setting up a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-git">Exporting a Git repository via the Git protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-http">Exporting a git repository via HTTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository">Pushing changes to a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-push">What to do when a push fails</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-shared-repository">Setting up a shared repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-gitweb">Allowing web browsing of a repository</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-get-a-git-repository-with-minimal-history">How to get a Git repository with minimal history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-development-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#maintaining-topic-branches">Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#cleaning-up-history">5. Rewriting history and maintaining patch series</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series">Creating the perfect patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-git-rebase">Keeping a patch series up to date using git rebase</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#rewriting-one-commit">Rewriting a single commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reordering-patch-series">Reordering or selecting from a patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#interactive-rebase">Using interactive rebases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series-tools">Other tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#problems-With-rewriting-history">Problems with rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#bisect-merges">Why bisecting merge commits can be harder than bisecting linear history</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#advanced-branch-management">6. Advanced branch management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-individual-branches">Fetching individual branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetch-fast-forwards">git fetch and fast-forwards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-fetch">Forcing git fetch to do non-fast-forward updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#remote-branch-configuration">Configuring remote-tracking branches</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#git-concepts">7. Git concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-object-database">The Object Database</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#commit-object">Commit Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tree-object">Tree Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#blob-object">Blob Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#trust">Trust</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tag-object">Tag Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pack-files">How Git stores objects efficiently: pack files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#dangling-objects">Dangling objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-from-repository-corruption">Recovering from repository corruption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-index">The index</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#submodules">8. Submodules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pitfalls-with-submodules">Pitfalls with submodules</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#low-level-operations">9. Low-level Git operations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-manipulation">Object access and manipulation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-workflow">The Workflow</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#working-directory-to-index">working directory → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-object-database">index → object database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-database-to-index">object database → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-working-directory">index → working directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tying-it-all-together">Tying it all together</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-the-data">Examining the data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees">Merging multiple trees</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees-2">Merging multiple trees, continued</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#hacking-git">10. Hacking Git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-details">Object storage format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#birdview-on-the-source-code">A birds-eye view of Git’s source code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#glossary">11. Git Glossary</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#git-explained">Git explained</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#git-quick-start">A. Git Quick Reference</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#quick-creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#managing-branches">Managing branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exploring-history">Exploring history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-changes">Making changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging">Merging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-your-changes">Sharing your changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#repository-maintenance">Repository maintenance</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#todo">B. Notes and todo list for this manual</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#todo-list">Todo list</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="preface"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="_introduction"></a>Introduction</h1></div></div></div><p>Git is a fast distributed revision control system.</p><p>This manual is designed to be readable by someone with basic UNIX
command-line skills, but no previous knowledge of Git.</p><p><a class="xref" href="#repositories-and-branches" title="Chapter 1. Repositories and Branches">Chapter 1, <i>Repositories and Branches</i></a> and <a class="xref" href="#exploring-git-history" title="Chapter 2. Exploring Git history">Chapter 2, <i>Exploring Git history</i></a> explain how
to fetch and study a project using git—read these chapters to learn how
to build and test a particular version of a software project, search for
