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<body class="manpage">
<div id="header">
<h1>git-format-rev(1) Manual Page</h1>
<h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<p>git-format-rev - EXPERIMENTAL: Pretty format revisions on demand</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="verseblock">
<pre class="content">(<code>EXPERIMENTAL</code>!) <code>git</code> <code>format-rev</code> <code>--stdin-mode=</code><em>&lt;mode&gt;</em> <code>--format=</code><em>&lt;pretty&gt;</em> [<code>--</code>[<code>no-</code>]<code>notes=</code><em>&lt;ref&gt;</em>] [<code>-z</code>] [<code>--</code>[<code>no-</code>]<code>null-output</code>] [<code>--</code>[<code>no-</code>]<code>null-input</code>]</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Pretty format revisions from standard input.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>THIS COMMAND IS EXPERIMENTAL. THE BEHAVIOR MAY CHANGE.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--stdin-mode=</code><em>&lt;mode&gt;</em></dt>
<dd>
<p>How to interpret standard input data:</p>
<div class="openblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>revs</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Each line or record (see the <a href="#io">INPUT AND OUTPUT FORMATS</a>
section) is interpreted as a commit. Any kind of revision
expression can be used (see <a href="gitrevisions.html">gitrevisions(7)</a>). Annotated
tags are peeled (see <a href="gitglossary.html">gitglossary(7)</a>).</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The argument <code>rev</code> is also accepted.</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>text</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Formats all commit object names found in freeform text. These
must the full object names, i.e. abbreviated hexidecimal object
names will not be interpreted.</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Anything that is parsed as an object name but that is not found to be a
commit object name is left alone (echoed).</p>
</div>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--format=</code><em>&lt;pretty&gt;</em></dt>
<dd>
<p>Pretty format string.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--notes=</code><em>&lt;ref&gt;</em></dt>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--no-notes</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Custom notes ref. Notes are displayed when using the <code>%N</code>
atom. See <a href="git-notes.html">git-notes(1)</a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>-z</code></dt>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--null</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Use <em>NUL</em> character to terminate both input and output instead
of newline. This option cannot be negated.</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This is useful if both the input and output could contain newlines or if
the input to this command also uses <em>NUL</em> character termination; see the
<a href="#io">INPUT AND OUTPUT FORMATS</a> section below.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The mode <code>--stdin-mode=text</code> can have use for this option when it needs
to process input like for example <code>git</code> <code>last-modified</code> <code>-z</code>; see the
<a href="#examples">EXAMPLES</a> section below.</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--null-output</code></dt>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--no-null-output</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Use <em>NUL</em> character to terminate output instead of newline. The
default is <code>--no-null-output</code>.</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This is useful if the output could contain newlines, for example if the
<code>%n</code> (newline) atom is used.</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--null-input</code></dt>
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--no-null-input</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Use <em>NUL</em> character to terminate input instead of newline. The
default is <code>--no-null-input</code>.</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This is useful if the input revision expressions could contain newlines.</p>
</div>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="io">INPUT AND OUTPUT FORMAT</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The command uses newlines for both input and output termination by
default. See the <code>-z</code>, <code>--null-output</code>, and <code>--null-input</code> options for
using <em>NUL</em> character as the terminator.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The mode <code>--stdin-mode=revs</code> outputs one formatted commit followed by
the terminator. This could either be called a <em>line</em> or a <em>record</em> in
case "line" is too suggestive of newline termination.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Note that this means that the terminator character (newline or <em>NUL</em>)
acts as a <em>terminator</em>, not a <em>separator</em>. In other words, the final
line or record is also terminated by the terminator character.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The mode <code>--stdin-mode=text</code> replaces each object name with the
formatted commit, i.e. the format <code>%s</code> would transform some commit
object name to <em>&lt;subject&gt;</em> without any termination. Like this:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>Did we not fix this in "&lt;subject&gt;"?</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>It is safe to interactively read and write from this command since each
record is immediately flushed.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="examples">EXAMPLES</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The command <a href="git-last-modified.html">git-last-modified(1)</a> shows the commit that each file
was last modified in.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>$ git last-modified -- README.md Makefile
7798034171030be0909c56377a4e0e10e6d2df93 Makefile
c50fbb2dd225e7e82abba4380423ae105089f4d7 README.md</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>We can pipe the result to this command in order to replace the object
name with the commit author.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>$ git last-modified -- README.md Makefile |
git format-rev --stdin-mode=text --format=%an
Junio C Hamano Makefile
Todd Zullinger README.md</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Another example is <em>formatting commits in commit messages</em>. Given this commit message:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>Fix off-by-one error
Fix off-by-one error introduced in
e83c5163316f89bfbde7d9ab23ca2e25604af290.
We thought we fixed this in 5569bf9bbedd63a00780fc5c110e0cfab3aa97b9 but
that only covered 1/3 of the faulty cases.</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>We can format the commits and use par(1) to reflow the text, say in a
<code>commit-msg</code> hook:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>$ git config set hook.reference-commits.event commit-msg
$ git config set hook.reference-commits.command reference-commits
$ cat $(which reference-commits)
#/bin/sh
msg="$1"
rewritten=$(mktemp)
git format-rev --stdin-mode=text --format=reference &lt;"$msg" |
par &gt;"$rewritten"
mv "$rewritten" "$msg"</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Which will produce something like this:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>Fix off-by-one error
Fix off-by-one error introduced in e83c5163316 (Implement better memory
allocator, 2005-04-07).
We thought we fixed this in 5569bf9bbed (Fix memory allocator,
2005-06-22) but that only covered 1/3 of the faulty cases.</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_discussion">DISCUSSION</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This command lets you format any number of revisions in any order
through one command invocation. Consider the
<a href="git-last-modified.html">git-last-modified(1)</a> case from the <a href="#examples">EXAMPLES</a> section
above:</p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>There might be hundreds of files</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Commits can be repeated, i.e. two or more files were last modified in
the same commit</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Two widely-used commands which pretty formats commits are
<a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a> and <a href="git-show.html">git-show(1)</a>. It turns out that they are
not a good fit for the above use case.</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>The output of <a href="git-last-modified.html">git-last-modified(1)</a> would have to be processed
in stages since you need to transform the first column separately and
then link the author to the filename. But this is surmountable.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>You can feed each commit to <code>git</code> <code>show</code> or <code>git</code> <code>log</code> <code>--no-walk</code> <code>-1</code>. But
that means that you need to create a process for each line.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Let’s say that you want to use one process, not one per line. So you
want to feed all the commits to the command. Now you face the problem
that you have to feed all the commits to the commands before you get
any output (this is also the case for the <code>--stdin</code> modes). In other
words, you cannot loop through each line, get the author for the
commit, and output the author and the filename. You need to feed all
the commits, get back all the output, and match the output with the
filename.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>But the next problem is that commands will deduplicate the input and
only output one commit one single time only. Thus you cannot make the
output order match the input order, since a commit could have been
repeated in the original input.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In short, it is straightforward to use these two commands if you use one
process per line. It is much more work if you just want to use one
process, but still doable. In contrast, this problem is solved with just
another shell pipeline with this command.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p><a href="git-name-rev.html">git-name-rev(1)</a>,
<a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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