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| <body class="manpage"> |
| <div id="header"> |
| <h1>git-repack(1) Manual Page</h1> |
| <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <p>git-repack - Pack unpacked objects in a repository</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div id="content"> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="verseblock"> |
| <pre class="content"><em>git repack</em> [-a] [-A] [-d] [-f] [-F] [-l] [-n] [-q] [-b] [-m] |
| [--window=<n>] [--depth=<n>] [--threads=<n>] [--keep-pack=<pack-name>] |
| [--write-midx] [--name-hash-version=<n>] [--path-walk]</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This command is used to combine all objects that do not currently |
| reside in a "pack", into a pack. It can also be used to re-organize |
| existing packs into a single, more efficient pack.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A pack is a collection of objects, individually compressed, with |
| delta compression applied, stored in a single file, with an |
| associated index file.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Packs are used to reduce the load on mirror systems, backup |
| engines, disk storage, etc.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">-a</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Instead of incrementally packing the unpacked objects, |
| pack everything referenced into a single pack. |
| Especially useful when packing a repository that is used |
| for private development. Use |
| with <code>-d</code>. This will clean up the objects that <code>git</code> <code>prune</code> |
| leaves behind, but <code>git</code> <code>fsck</code> <code>--full</code> <code>--dangling</code> shows as |
| dangling.</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Note that users fetching over dumb protocols will have to fetch the |
| whole new pack in order to get any contained object, no matter how many |
| other objects in that pack they already have locally.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Promisor packfiles are repacked separately: if there are packfiles that |
| have an associated ".promisor" file, these packfiles will be repacked |
| into another separate pack, and an empty ".promisor" file corresponding |
| to the new separate pack will be written.</p> |
| </div> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">-A</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Same as <code>-a</code>, unless <code>-d</code> is used. Then any unreachable |
| objects in a previous pack become loose, unpacked objects, |
| instead of being left in the old pack. Unreachable objects |
| are never intentionally added to a pack, even when repacking. |
| This option prevents unreachable objects from being immediately |
| deleted by way of being left in the old pack and then |
| removed. Instead, the loose unreachable objects |
| will be pruned according to normal expiry rules |
| with the next <em>git gc</em> invocation. See <a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a>.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">-d</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>After packing, if the newly created packs make some |
| existing packs redundant, remove the redundant packs. |
| Also run <em>git prune-packed</em> to remove redundant |
| loose object files.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--cruft</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Same as <code>-a</code>, unless <code>-d</code> is used. Then any unreachable objects |
| are packed into a separate cruft pack. Unreachable objects can |
| be pruned using the normal expiry rules with the next <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> |
| invocation (see <a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a>). Incompatible with <code>-k</code>.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--cruft-expiration=<approxidate></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Expire unreachable objects older than <em><approxidate></em> |
| immediately instead of waiting for the next <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> invocation. |
| Only useful with <code>--cruft</code> <code>-d</code>.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--max-cruft-size=<n></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Overrides <code>--max-pack-size</code> for cruft packs. Inherits the value of |
| <code>--max-pack-size</code> (if any) by default. See the documentation for |
| <code>--max-pack-size</code> for more details.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--combine-cruft-below-size=<n></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>When generating cruft packs without pruning, only repack |
| existing cruft packs whose size is strictly less than <em><n></em>, |
| where <em><n></em> represents a number of bytes, which can optionally |
| be suffixed with "k", "m", or "g". Cruft packs whose size is |
| greater than or equal to <em><n></em> are left as-is and not repacked. |
| Useful when you want to avoid repacking large cruft pack(s) in |
| repositories that have many and/or large unreachable objects.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--expire-to=<dir></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Write a cruft pack containing pruned objects (if any) to the |
| directory <em><dir></em>. This option is useful for keeping a copy of |
| any pruned objects in a separate directory as a backup. Only |
| useful with <code>--cruft</code> <code>-d</code>.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">-l</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Pass the <code>--local</code> option to <em>git pack-objects</em>. See |
| <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">-f</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Pass the <code>--no-reuse-delta</code> option to <code>git-pack-objects</code>, see |
| <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">-F</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Pass the <code>--no-reuse-object</code> option to <code>git-pack-objects</code>, see |
| <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">-q</dt> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--quiet</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Show no progress over the standard error stream and pass the <code>-q</code> |
| option to <em>git pack-objects</em>. See <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">-n</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Do not update the server information with |
| <em>git update-server-info</em>. This option skips |
| updating local catalog files needed to publish |
| this repository (or a direct copy of it) |
| over HTTP or FTP. See <a href="git-update-server-info.html">git-update-server-info(1)</a>.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--window=<n></dt> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--depth=<n></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>These two options affect how the objects contained in the pack are |
| stored using delta compression. The objects are first internally |
| sorted by type, size and optionally names and compared against the |
| other objects within <code>--window</code> to see if using delta compression saves |
| space. <code>--depth</code> limits the maximum delta depth; making it too deep |
| affects the performance on the unpacker side, because delta data needs |
| to be applied that many times to get to the necessary object.</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The default value for --window is 10 and --depth is 50. The maximum |
| depth is 4095.</p> |
| </div> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--threads=<n></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>This option is passed through to <code>git</code> <code>pack-objects</code>.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--window-memory=<n></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>This option provides an additional limit on top of <code>--window</code>; |
| the window size will dynamically scale down so as to not take |
| up more than <em><n></em> bytes in memory. This is useful in |
| repositories with a mix of large and small objects to not run |
| out of memory with a large window, but still be able to take |
| advantage of the large window for the smaller objects. The |
| size can be suffixed with "k", "m", or "g". |
| <code>--window-memory=0</code> makes memory usage unlimited. The default |
| is taken from the <code>pack.windowMemory</code> configuration variable. |
| Note that the actual memory usage will be the limit multiplied |
| by the number of threads used by <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--max-pack-size=<n></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Maximum size of each output pack file. The size can be suffixed with |
| "k", "m", or "g". The minimum size allowed is limited to 1 MiB. |
| If specified, multiple packfiles may be created, which also |
| prevents the creation of a bitmap index. |
| The default is unlimited, unless the config variable |
| <code>pack.packSizeLimit</code> is set. Note that this option may result in |
| a larger and slower repository; see the discussion in |
| <code>pack.packSizeLimit</code>.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--filter=<filter-spec></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Remove objects matching the filter specification from the |
| resulting packfile and put them into a separate packfile. Note |
| that objects used in the working directory are not filtered |
| out. So for the split to fully work, it’s best to perform it |
| in a bare repo and to use the <code>-a</code> and <code>-d</code> options along with |
| this option. Also <code>--no-write-bitmap-index</code> (or the |
| <code>repack.writebitmaps</code> config option set to <code>false</code>) should be |
| used otherwise writing bitmap index will fail, as it supposes |
| a single packfile containing all the objects. See |
| <a href="git-rev-list.html">git-rev-list(1)</a> for valid <em><filter-spec></em> forms.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--filter-to=<dir></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Write the pack containing filtered out objects to the |
| directory <em><dir></em>. Only useful with <code>--filter</code>. This can be |
| used for putting the pack on a separate object directory that |
| is accessed through the Git alternates mechanism. <strong>WARNING:</strong> |
| If the packfile containing the filtered out objects is not |
| accessible, the repo can become corrupt as it might not be |
| possible to access the objects in that packfile. See the |
| <code>objects</code> and <code>objects/info/alternates</code> sections of |
| <a href="gitrepository-layout.html">gitrepository-layout(5)</a>.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">-b</dt> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--write-bitmap-index</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Write a reachability bitmap index as part of the repack. This |
| only makes sense when used with <code>-a</code>, <code>-A</code> or <code>-m</code>, as the bitmaps |
| must be able to refer to all reachable objects. This option |
| overrides the setting of <code>repack.writeBitmaps</code>. This option |
| has no effect if multiple packfiles are created, unless writing a |
| MIDX (in which case a multi-pack bitmap is created).</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--pack-kept-objects</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Include objects in .<code>keep</code> files when repacking. Note that we |
| still do not delete .<code>keep</code> packs after <code>pack-objects</code> finishes. |
| This means that we may duplicate objects, but this makes the |
| option safe to use when there are concurrent pushes or fetches. |
| This option is generally only useful if you are writing bitmaps |
| with <code>-b</code> or <code>repack.writeBitmaps</code>, as it ensures that the |
| bitmapped packfile has the necessary objects.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--keep-pack=<pack-name></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Exclude the given pack from repacking. This is the equivalent |
| of having .<code>keep</code> file on the pack. <em><pack-name></em> is the |
| pack file name without leading directory (e.g. <code>pack-123.pack</code>). |
| The option can be specified multiple times to keep multiple |
| packs.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--unpack-unreachable=<when></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>When loosening unreachable objects, do not bother loosening any |
| objects older than <em><when></em>. This can be used to optimize out |
| the write of any objects that would be immediately pruned by |
| a follow-up <code>git</code> <code>prune</code>.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">-k</dt> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--keep-unreachable</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>When used with <code>-ad</code>, any unreachable objects from existing |
| packs will be appended to the end of the packfile instead of |
| being removed. In addition, any unreachable loose objects will |
| be packed (and their loose counterparts removed).</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">-i</dt> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--delta-islands</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Pass the <code>--delta-islands</code> option to <code>git-pack-objects</code>, see |
| <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">-g<factor></dt> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--geometric=<factor></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Arrange resulting pack structure so that each successive pack |
| contains at least <em><factor></em> times the number of objects as the |
| next-largest pack.</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><code>git</code> <code>repack</code> ensures this by determining a "cut" of packfiles that need |
| to be repacked into one in order to ensure a geometric progression. It |
| picks the smallest set of packfiles such that as many of the larger |
| packfiles (by count of objects contained in that pack) may be left |
| intact.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Unlike other repack modes, the set of objects to pack is determined |
| uniquely by the set of packs being "rolled-up"; in other words, the |
| packs determined to need to be combined in order to restore a geometric |
| progression.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Loose objects are implicitly included in this "roll-up", without respect to |
| their reachability. This is subject to change in the future.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When writing a multi-pack bitmap, <code>git</code> <code>repack</code> selects the largest resulting |
| pack as the preferred pack for object selection by the MIDX (see |
| <a href="git-multi-pack-index.html">git-multi-pack-index(1)</a>).</p> |
| </div> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">-m</dt> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--write-midx</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Write a multi-pack index (see <a href="git-multi-pack-index.html">git-multi-pack-index(1)</a>) |
| containing the non-redundant packs.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--name-hash-version=<n></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Provide this argument to the underlying <code>git</code> <code>pack-objects</code> process. |
| See <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a> for full details.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--path-walk</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Pass the <code>--path-walk</code> option to the underlying <code>git</code> <code>pack-objects</code> |
| process. See <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a> for full details.</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_configuration">CONFIGURATION</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Various configuration variables affect packing, see |
| <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> (search for "pack" and "delta").</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>By default, the command passes <code>--delta-base-offset</code> option to |
| <em>git pack-objects</em>; this typically results in slightly smaller packs, |
| but the generated packs are incompatible with versions of Git older than |
| version 1.4.4. If you need to share your repository with such ancient Git |
| versions, either directly or via the dumb http protocol, then you |
| need to set the configuration variable <code>repack.UseDeltaBaseOffset</code> to |
| "false" and repack. Access from old Git versions over the native protocol |
| is unaffected by this option as the conversion is performed on the fly |
| as needed in that case.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Delta compression is not used on objects larger than the |
| <code>core.bigFileThreshold</code> configuration variable and on files with the |
| attribute <code>delta</code> set to false.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a> |
| <a href="git-prune-packed.html">git-prune-packed(1)</a></p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div id="footer"> |
| <div id="footer-text"> |
| Last updated 2025-06-24 11:24:02 -0700 |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </body> |
| </html> |
