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| </head> |
| <body class="manpage"> |
| <div id="header"> |
| <h1>gitformat-loose(5) Manual Page</h1> |
| <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <p>gitformat-loose - Git loose object format</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div id="content"> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="verseblock"> |
| <pre class="content">$GIT_DIR/objects/[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]/* |
| $GIT_DIR/objects/object-map/map-*.map</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Loose objects are how Git stores individual objects, where every object is |
| written as a separate file.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Over the lifetime of a repository, objects are usually written as loose objects |
| initially. Eventually, these loose objects will be compacted into packfiles |
| via repository maintenance to improve disk space usage and speed up the lookup |
| of these objects.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_loose_objects">Loose objects</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Each loose object contains a prefix, followed immediately by the data of the |
| object. The prefix contains <em><type></em> <em><size></em><code>\0</code>. <em><type></em> is one of <code>blob</code>, |
| <code>tree</code>, <code>commit</code>, or <code>tag</code> and <code>size</code> is the size of the data (without the |
| prefix) as a decimal integer expressed in ASCII.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The entire contents, prefix and data concatenated, is then compressed with zlib |
| and the compressed data is stored in the file. The object ID of the object is |
| the SHA-1 or SHA-256 (as appropriate) hash of the uncompressed data.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The file for the loose object is stored under the <code>objects</code> directory, with the |
| first two hex characters of the object ID being the directory and the remaining |
| characters being the file name. This is done to shard the data and avoid too |
| many files being in one directory, since some file systems perform poorly with |
| many items in a directory.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>As an example, the empty tree contains the data (when uncompressed) <code>tree</code> <code>0\0</code> |
| and, in a SHA-256 repository, would have the object ID |
| <code>6ef19b41225c5369f1c104d45d8d85efa9b057b53b14b4b9b939dd74decc5321</code> and would be |
| stored under |
| <code>$GIT_DIR/objects/6e/f19b41225c5369f1c104d45d8d85efa9b057b53b14b4b9b939dd74decc5321</code>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Similarly, a blob containing the contents <code>abc</code> would have the uncompressed |
| data of <code>blob</code> <code>3\0abc</code>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_loose_object_mapping">Loose object mapping</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When the <code>compatObjectFormat</code> option is used, Git needs to store a mapping |
| between the repository’s main algorithm and the compatibility algorithm for |
| loose objects as well as some auxiliary information.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The mapping consists of a set of files under <code>$GIT_DIR/objects/object-map</code> |
| ending in .<code>map</code>. The portion of the filename before the extension is that of |
| the main hash checksum (that is, the one specified in |
| <code>extensions.objectformat</code>) in hex format.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><code>git</code> <code>gc</code> will repack existing entries into one file, removing any unnecessary |
| objects, such as obsolete shallow entries or loose objects that have been |
| packed.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The file format is as follows. All values are in network byte order and all |
| 4-byte and 8-byte values must be 4-byte aligned in the file, so the NUL padding |
| may be required in some cases. Git always uses the smallest number of NUL |
| bytes (including zero) that is required for the padding in order to make |
| writing files deterministic.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>A header appears at the beginning and consists of the following:</p> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>A 4-byte mapping signature: <code>LMAP</code></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>4-byte version number: 1</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>4-byte length of the header section (including reserved entries but |
| excluding any NUL padding).</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>4-byte number of objects declared in this map file.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>4-byte number of object formats declared in this map file.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>For each object format:</p> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>4-byte format identifier (e.g., <code>sha1</code> for SHA-1)</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>4-byte length in bytes of shortened object names (that is, prefixes of |
| the full object names). This is the shortest possible length needed to |
| make names in the shortened object name table unambiguous.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>8-byte integer, recording where tables relating to this format |
| are stored in this index file, as an offset from the beginning.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>8-byte offset to the trailer from the beginning of this file.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The remainder of the header section is reserved for future use. |
| Readers must ignore unrecognized data here.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Zero or more NUL bytes. These are used to improve the alignment of the |
| 4-byte quantities below.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Tables for the first object format:</p> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>A sorted table of shortened object names. These are prefixes of the names |
| of all objects in this file, packed together to reduce the cache footprint |
| of the binary search for a specific object name.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>A sorted table of full object names.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>A table of 4-byte metadata values.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Zero or more NUL bytes.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Tables for subsequent object formats:</p> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>A sorted table of shortened object names. These are prefixes of the names |
| of all objects in this file, packed together without offset values to |
| reduce the cache footprint of the binary search for a specific object name.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>A table of full object names in the order specified by the first object format.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>A table of 4-byte values mapping object name order to the order of the |
| first object format. For an object in the table of sorted shortened object |
| names, the value at the corresponding index in this table is the index in |
| the previous table for that same object.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Zero or more NUL bytes.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The trailer consists of the following:</p> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>Hash checksum of all of the above using the main hash.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The lower six bits of each metadata table contain a type field indicating the |
| reason that this object is stored:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">0</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Reserved.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">1</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>This object is stored as a loose object in the repository.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">2</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>This object is a shallow entry. The mapping refers to a shallow value |
| returned by a remote server.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">3</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>This object is a submodule entry. The mapping refers to the commit stored |
| representing a submodule.</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Other data may be stored in this field in the future. Bits that are not used |
| must be zero.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div id="footer"> |
| <div id="footer-text"> |
| Last updated 2026-03-12 12:43:12 -0700 |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </body> |
| </html> |
