technical/shallow.html - pub/scm/git/git-htmldocs - Git at Google

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 <body class="article">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>Shallow commits</h1>
 <span id="revdate">2024-04-25</span>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div id="preamble">
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="sidebarblock">
 <div class="content">
 <div class="title">Definition</div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Shallow commits do have parents, but not in the shallow
 repo, and therefore grafts are introduced pretending that
 these commits have no parents.</p></div>
 </div></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>$GIT_DIR/shallow lists commit object names and tells Git to
 pretend as if they are root commits (e.g. "git log" traversal
 stops after showing them; "git fsck" does not complain saying
 the commits listed on their "parent" lines do not exist).</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Each line contains exactly one object name. When read, a commit_graft
 will be constructed, which has nr_parent &lt; 0 to make it easier
 to discern from user provided grafts.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that the shallow feature could not be changed easily to
 use replace refs: a commit containing a <code>mergetag</code> is not allowed
 to be replaced, not even by a root commit. Such a commit can be
 made shallow, though. Also, having a <code>shallow</code> file explicitly
 listing all the commits made shallow makes it a <strong>lot</strong> easier to
 do shallow-specific things such as to deepen the history.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Since fsck-objects relies on the library to read the objects,
 it honours shallow commits automatically.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>There are some unfinished ends of the whole shallow business:</p></div>
 <div class="ulist"><ul>
 <li>
 <p>
 maybe we have to force non-thin packs when fetching into a
   shallow repo (ATM they are forced non-thin).
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 A special handling of a shallow upstream is needed. At some
   stage, upload-pack has to check if it sends a shallow commit,
   and it should send that information early (or fail, if the
   client does not support shallow repositories). There is no
   support at all for this in this patch series.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 Instead of locking $GIT_DIR/shallow at the start, just
   the timestamp of it is noted, and when it comes to writing it,
   a check is performed if the mtime is still the same, dying if
   it is not.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 It is unclear how "push into/from a shallow repo" should behave.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 If you deepen a history, you&#8217;d want to get the tags of the
   newly stored (but older!) commits. This does not work right now.
 </p>
 </li>
 </ul></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>To make a shallow clone, you can call "git-clone --depth 20 repo".
 The result contains only commit chains with a length of at most 20.
 It also writes an appropriate $GIT_DIR/shallow.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>You can deepen a shallow repository with "git-fetch --depth 20
 repo branch", which will fetch branch from repo, but stop at depth
 20, updating $GIT_DIR/shallow.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>The special depth 2147483647 (or 0x7fffffff, the largest positive
 number a signed 32-bit integer can contain) means infinite depth.</p></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
 <div id="footer">
 <div id="footer-text">
 Last updated
  2020-08-19 22:10:31 PDT
 </div>
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	<body class="article">
	<div id="header">
	<h1>Shallow commits</h1>
	<span id="revdate">2024-04-25</span>
	</div>
	<div id="content">
	<div id="preamble">
	<div class="sectionbody">
	<div class="sidebarblock">
	<div class="content">
	<div class="title">Definition</div>
	<div class="paragraph"><p>Shallow commits do have parents, but not in the shallow
	repo, and therefore grafts are introduced pretending that
	these commits have no parents.</p></div>
	</div></div>
	<div class="paragraph"><p>$GIT_DIR/shallow lists commit object names and tells Git to
	pretend as if they are root commits (e.g. "git log" traversal
	stops after showing them; "git fsck" does not complain saying
	the commits listed on their "parent" lines do not exist).</p></div>
	<div class="paragraph"><p>Each line contains exactly one object name. When read, a commit_graft
	will be constructed, which has nr_parent < 0 to make it easier
	to discern from user provided grafts.</p></div>
	<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that the shallow feature could not be changed easily to
	use replace refs: a commit containing a <code>mergetag</code> is not allowed
	to be replaced, not even by a root commit. Such a commit can be
	made shallow, though. Also, having a <code>shallow</code> file explicitly
	listing all the commits made shallow makes it a <strong>lot</strong> easier to
	do shallow-specific things such as to deepen the history.</p></div>
	<div class="paragraph"><p>Since fsck-objects relies on the library to read the objects,
	it honours shallow commits automatically.</p></div>
	<div class="paragraph"><p>There are some unfinished ends of the whole shallow business:</p></div>
	<div class="ulist"><ul>
	<li>
	<p>
	maybe we have to force non-thin packs when fetching into a
	shallow repo (ATM they are forced non-thin).
	</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>
	A special handling of a shallow upstream is needed. At some
	stage, upload-pack has to check if it sends a shallow commit,
	and it should send that information early (or fail, if the
	client does not support shallow repositories). There is no
	support at all for this in this patch series.
	</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>
	Instead of locking $GIT_DIR/shallow at the start, just
	the timestamp of it is noted, and when it comes to writing it,
	a check is performed if the mtime is still the same, dying if
	it is not.
	</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>
	It is unclear how "push into/from a shallow repo" should behave.
	</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>
	If you deepen a history, you’d want to get the tags of the
	newly stored (but older!) commits. This does not work right now.
	</p>
	</li>
	</ul></div>
	<div class="paragraph"><p>To make a shallow clone, you can call "git-clone --depth 20 repo".
	The result contains only commit chains with a length of at most 20.
	It also writes an appropriate $GIT_DIR/shallow.</p></div>
	<div class="paragraph"><p>You can deepen a shallow repository with "git-fetch --depth 20
	repo branch", which will fetch branch from repo, but stop at depth
	20, updating $GIT_DIR/shallow.</p></div>
	<div class="paragraph"><p>The special depth 2147483647 (or 0x7fffffff, the largest positive
	number a signed 32-bit integer can contain) means infinite depth.</p></div>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
	<div id="footer">
	<div id="footer-text">
	Last updated
	2020-08-19 22:10:31 PDT
	</div>
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