blob: 6418cf1f6c15ff4cbffbac5d6964399f64e33615 [file] [log] [blame]
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <libgen.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "fio.h"
#include "diskutil.h"
void update_rusage_stat(struct thread_data *td)
{
struct thread_stat *ts = &td->ts;
getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &ts->ru_end);
ts->usr_time += mtime_since(&ts->ru_start.ru_utime,
&ts->ru_end.ru_utime);
ts->sys_time += mtime_since(&ts->ru_start.ru_stime,
&ts->ru_end.ru_stime);
ts->ctx += ts->ru_end.ru_nvcsw + ts->ru_end.ru_nivcsw
- (ts->ru_start.ru_nvcsw + ts->ru_start.ru_nivcsw);
ts->minf += ts->ru_end.ru_minflt - ts->ru_start.ru_minflt;
ts->majf += ts->ru_end.ru_majflt - ts->ru_start.ru_majflt;
memcpy(&ts->ru_start, &ts->ru_end, sizeof(ts->ru_end));
}
static int calc_lat(struct io_stat *is, unsigned long *min, unsigned long *max,
double *mean, double *dev)
{
double n = is->samples;
if (is->samples == 0)
return 0;
*min = is->min_val;
*max = is->max_val;
n = (double) is->samples;
*mean = is->mean;
if (n > 1.0)
*dev = sqrt(is->S / (n - 1.0));
else
*dev = 0;
return 1;
}
static void show_group_stats(struct group_run_stats *rs, int id)
{
char *p1, *p2, *p3, *p4;
const char *ddir_str[] = { " READ", " WRITE" };
int i;
log_info("\nRun status group %d (all jobs):\n", id);
for (i = 0; i <= DDIR_WRITE; i++) {
const int i2p = is_power_of_2(rs->kb_base);
if (!rs->max_run[i])
continue;
p1 = num2str(rs->io_kb[i], 6, rs->kb_base, i2p);
p2 = num2str(rs->agg[i], 6, rs->kb_base, i2p);
p3 = num2str(rs->min_bw[i], 6, rs->kb_base, i2p);
p4 = num2str(rs->max_bw[i], 6, rs->kb_base, i2p);
log_info("%s: io=%sB, aggrb=%sB/s, minb=%sB/s, maxb=%sB/s,"
" mint=%llumsec, maxt=%llumsec\n", ddir_str[i], p1, p2,
p3, p4, rs->min_run[i],
rs->max_run[i]);
free(p1);
free(p2);
free(p3);
free(p4);
}
}
#define ts_total_io_u(ts) \
((ts)->total_io_u[0] + (ts)->total_io_u[1])
static void stat_calc_dist(unsigned int *map, unsigned long total,
double *io_u_dist)
{
int i;
/*
* Do depth distribution calculations
*/
for (i = 0; i < FIO_IO_U_MAP_NR; i++) {
if (total) {
io_u_dist[i] = (double) map[i] / (double) total;
io_u_dist[i] *= 100.0;
if (io_u_dist[i] < 0.1 && map[i])
io_u_dist[i] = 0.1;
} else
io_u_dist[i] = 0.0;
}
}
static void stat_calc_lat(struct thread_stat *ts, double *dst,
unsigned int *src, int nr)
{
unsigned long total = ts_total_io_u(ts);
int i;
/*
* Do latency distribution calculations
*/
for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
if (total) {
dst[i] = (double) src[i] / (double) total;
dst[i] *= 100.0;
if (dst[i] < 0.01 && src[i])
dst[i] = 0.01;
} else
dst[i] = 0.0;
}
}
static void stat_calc_lat_u(struct thread_stat *ts, double *io_u_lat)
{
stat_calc_lat(ts, io_u_lat, ts->io_u_lat_u, FIO_IO_U_LAT_U_NR);
}
static void stat_calc_lat_m(struct thread_stat *ts, double *io_u_lat)
{
stat_calc_lat(ts, io_u_lat, ts->io_u_lat_m, FIO_IO_U_LAT_M_NR);
}
static int usec_to_msec(unsigned long *min, unsigned long *max, double *mean,
double *dev)
{
if (*min > 1000 && *max > 1000 && *mean > 1000.0 && *dev > 1000.0) {
*min /= 1000;
*max /= 1000;
*mean /= 1000.0;
*dev /= 1000.0;
return 0;
}
return 1;
}
static void show_ddir_status(struct group_run_stats *rs, struct thread_stat *ts,
int ddir)
{
const char *ddir_str[] = { "read ", "write" };
unsigned long min, max, runt;
unsigned long long bw, iops;
double mean, dev;
char *io_p, *bw_p, *iops_p;
int i2p;
if (!ts->runtime[ddir])
return;
i2p = is_power_of_2(rs->kb_base);
runt = ts->runtime[ddir];
bw = (1000 * ts->io_bytes[ddir]) / runt;
io_p = num2str(ts->io_bytes[ddir], 6, 1, i2p);
bw_p = num2str(bw, 6, 1, i2p);
iops = (1000 * ts->total_io_u[ddir]) / runt;
iops_p = num2str(iops, 6, 1, 0);
log_info(" %s: io=%sB, bw=%sB/s, iops=%s, runt=%6lumsec\n",
ddir_str[ddir], io_p, bw_p, iops_p,
ts->runtime[ddir]);
free(io_p);
free(bw_p);
free(iops_p);
if (calc_lat(&ts->slat_stat[ddir], &min, &max, &mean, &dev)) {
const char *base = "(usec)";
char *minp, *maxp;
if (!usec_to_msec(&min, &max, &mean, &dev))
base = "(msec)";
minp = num2str(min, 6, 1, 0);
maxp = num2str(max, 6, 1, 0);
log_info(" slat %s: min=%s, max=%s, avg=%5.02f,"
" stdev=%5.02f\n", base, minp, maxp, mean, dev);
free(minp);
free(maxp);
}
if (calc_lat(&ts->clat_stat[ddir], &min, &max, &mean, &dev)) {
const char *base = "(usec)";
char *minp, *maxp;
if (!usec_to_msec(&min, &max, &mean, &dev))
base = "(msec)";
minp = num2str(min, 6, 1, 0);
maxp = num2str(max, 6, 1, 0);
log_info(" clat %s: min=%s, max=%s, avg=%5.02f,"
" stdev=%5.02f\n", base, minp, maxp, mean, dev);
free(minp);
free(maxp);
}
if (calc_lat(&ts->bw_stat[ddir], &min, &max, &mean, &dev)) {
double p_of_agg;
p_of_agg = mean * 100 / (double) rs->agg[ddir];
log_info(" bw (KB/s) : min=%5lu, max=%5lu, per=%3.2f%%,"
" avg=%5.02f, stdev=%5.02f\n", min, max, p_of_agg,
mean, dev);
}
}
static void show_lat(double *io_u_lat, int nr, const char **ranges,
const char *msg)
{
int new_line = 1, i, line = 0;
for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
if (io_u_lat[i] <= 0.0)
continue;
if (new_line) {
if (line)
log_info("\n");
log_info(" lat (%s): ", msg);
new_line = 0;
line = 0;
}
if (line)
log_info(", ");
log_info("%s%3.2f%%", ranges[i], io_u_lat[i]);
line++;
if (line == 5)
new_line = 1;
}
}
static void show_lat_u(double *io_u_lat_u)
{
const char *ranges[] = { "2=", "4=", "10=", "20=", "50=", "100=",
"250=", "500=", "750=", "1000=", };
show_lat(io_u_lat_u, FIO_IO_U_LAT_U_NR, ranges, "usec");
}
static void show_lat_m(double *io_u_lat_m)
{
const char *ranges[] = { "2=", "4=", "10=", "20=", "50=", "100=",
"250=", "500=", "750=", "1000=", "2000=",
">=2000=", };
show_lat(io_u_lat_m, FIO_IO_U_LAT_M_NR, ranges, "msec");
}
static void show_latencies(double *io_u_lat_u, double *io_u_lat_m)
{
show_lat_u(io_u_lat_u);
log_info("\n");
show_lat_m(io_u_lat_m);
log_info("\n");
}
static void show_thread_status(struct thread_stat *ts,
struct group_run_stats *rs)
{
double usr_cpu, sys_cpu;
unsigned long runtime;
double io_u_dist[FIO_IO_U_MAP_NR];
double io_u_lat_u[FIO_IO_U_LAT_U_NR];
double io_u_lat_m[FIO_IO_U_LAT_M_NR];
if (!(ts->io_bytes[0] + ts->io_bytes[1]) &&
!(ts->total_io_u[0] + ts->total_io_u[1]))
return;
if (!ts->error) {
log_info("%s: (groupid=%d, jobs=%d): err=%2d: pid=%d\n",
ts->name, ts->groupid, ts->members,
ts->error, (int) ts->pid);
} else {
log_info("%s: (groupid=%d, jobs=%d): err=%2d (%s): pid=%d\n",
ts->name, ts->groupid, ts->members,
ts->error, ts->verror, (int) ts->pid);
}
if (ts->description)
log_info(" Description : [%s]\n", ts->description);
if (ts->io_bytes[DDIR_READ])
show_ddir_status(rs, ts, DDIR_READ);
if (ts->io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE])
show_ddir_status(rs, ts, DDIR_WRITE);
runtime = ts->total_run_time;
if (runtime) {
double runt = (double) runtime;
usr_cpu = (double) ts->usr_time * 100 / runt;
sys_cpu = (double) ts->sys_time * 100 / runt;
} else {
usr_cpu = 0;
sys_cpu = 0;
}
log_info(" cpu : usr=%3.2f%%, sys=%3.2f%%, ctx=%lu, majf=%lu,"
" minf=%lu\n", usr_cpu, sys_cpu, ts->ctx, ts->majf, ts->minf);
stat_calc_dist(ts->io_u_map, ts_total_io_u(ts), io_u_dist);
log_info(" IO depths : 1=%3.1f%%, 2=%3.1f%%, 4=%3.1f%%, 8=%3.1f%%,"
" 16=%3.1f%%, 32=%3.1f%%, >=64=%3.1f%%\n", io_u_dist[0],
io_u_dist[1], io_u_dist[2],
io_u_dist[3], io_u_dist[4],
io_u_dist[5], io_u_dist[6]);
stat_calc_dist(ts->io_u_submit, ts->total_submit, io_u_dist);
log_info(" submit : 0=%3.1f%%, 4=%3.1f%%, 8=%3.1f%%, 16=%3.1f%%,"
" 32=%3.1f%%, 64=%3.1f%%, >=64=%3.1f%%\n", io_u_dist[0],
io_u_dist[1], io_u_dist[2],
io_u_dist[3], io_u_dist[4],
io_u_dist[5], io_u_dist[6]);
stat_calc_dist(ts->io_u_complete, ts->total_complete, io_u_dist);
log_info(" complete : 0=%3.1f%%, 4=%3.1f%%, 8=%3.1f%%, 16=%3.1f%%,"
" 32=%3.1f%%, 64=%3.1f%%, >=64=%3.1f%%\n", io_u_dist[0],
io_u_dist[1], io_u_dist[2],
io_u_dist[3], io_u_dist[4],
io_u_dist[5], io_u_dist[6]);
log_info(" issued r/w: total=%lu/%lu, short=%lu/%lu\n",
ts->total_io_u[0], ts->total_io_u[1],
ts->short_io_u[0], ts->short_io_u[1]);
stat_calc_lat_u(ts, io_u_lat_u);
stat_calc_lat_m(ts, io_u_lat_m);
show_latencies(io_u_lat_u, io_u_lat_m);
if (ts->continue_on_error) {
log_info(" errors : total=%lu, first_error=%d/<%s>\n",
ts->total_err_count,
ts->first_error,
strerror(ts->first_error));
}
}
static void show_ddir_status_terse(struct thread_stat *ts,
struct group_run_stats *rs, int ddir)
{
unsigned long min, max;
unsigned long long bw;
double mean, dev;
bw = 0;
if (ts->runtime[ddir])
bw = ts->io_bytes[ddir] / ts->runtime[ddir];
log_info(";%llu;%llu;%lu", ts->io_bytes[ddir] >> 10, bw,
ts->runtime[ddir]);
if (calc_lat(&ts->slat_stat[ddir], &min, &max, &mean, &dev))
log_info(";%lu;%lu;%f;%f", min, max, mean, dev);
else
log_info(";%lu;%lu;%f;%f", 0UL, 0UL, 0.0, 0.0);
if (calc_lat(&ts->clat_stat[ddir], &min, &max, &mean, &dev))
log_info(";%lu;%lu;%f;%f", min, max, mean, dev);
else
log_info(";%lu;%lu;%f;%f", 0UL, 0UL, 0.0, 0.0);
if (calc_lat(&ts->bw_stat[ddir], &min, &max, &mean, &dev)) {
double p_of_agg;
p_of_agg = mean * 100 / (double) rs->agg[ddir];
log_info(";%lu;%lu;%f%%;%f;%f", min, max, p_of_agg, mean, dev);
} else
log_info(";%lu;%lu;%f%%;%f;%f", 0UL, 0UL, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
}
static void show_thread_status_terse(struct thread_stat *ts,
struct group_run_stats *rs)
{
double io_u_dist[FIO_IO_U_MAP_NR];
double io_u_lat_u[FIO_IO_U_LAT_U_NR];
double io_u_lat_m[FIO_IO_U_LAT_M_NR];
double usr_cpu, sys_cpu;
int i;
log_info("%s;%d;%d", ts->name, ts->groupid, ts->error);
show_ddir_status_terse(ts, rs, 0);
show_ddir_status_terse(ts, rs, 1);
if (ts->total_run_time) {
double runt = (double) ts->total_run_time;
usr_cpu = (double) ts->usr_time * 100 / runt;
sys_cpu = (double) ts->sys_time * 100 / runt;
} else {
usr_cpu = 0;
sys_cpu = 0;
}
log_info(";%f%%;%f%%;%lu;%lu;%lu", usr_cpu, sys_cpu, ts->ctx, ts->majf,
ts->minf);
stat_calc_dist(ts->io_u_map, ts_total_io_u(ts), io_u_dist);
stat_calc_lat_u(ts, io_u_lat_u);
stat_calc_lat_m(ts, io_u_lat_m);
log_info(";%3.1f%%;%3.1f%%;%3.1f%%;%3.1f%%;%3.1f%%;%3.1f%%;%3.1f%%",
io_u_dist[0], io_u_dist[1], io_u_dist[2], io_u_dist[3],
io_u_dist[4], io_u_dist[5], io_u_dist[6]);
for (i = 0; i < FIO_IO_U_LAT_U_NR; i++)
log_info(";%3.2f%%", io_u_lat_u[i]);
for (i = 0; i < FIO_IO_U_LAT_M_NR; i++)
log_info(";%3.2f%%", io_u_lat_m[i]);
if (ts->continue_on_error)
log_info(";%lu;%d", ts->total_err_count, ts->first_error);
log_info("\n");
if (ts->description)
log_info(";%s", ts->description);
log_info("\n");
}
static void sum_stat(struct io_stat *dst, struct io_stat *src, int nr)
{
double mean, S;
dst->min_val = min(dst->min_val, src->min_val);
dst->max_val = max(dst->max_val, src->max_val);
dst->samples += src->samples;
/*
* Needs a new method for calculating stddev, we cannot just
* average them we do below for nr > 1
*/
if (nr == 1) {
mean = src->mean;
S = src->S;
} else {
mean = ((src->mean * (double) (nr - 1))
+ dst->mean) / ((double) nr);
S = ((src->S * (double) (nr - 1)) + dst->S) / ((double) nr);
}
dst->mean = mean;
dst->S = S;
}
void show_run_stats(void)
{
struct group_run_stats *runstats, *rs;
struct thread_data *td;
struct thread_stat *threadstats, *ts;
int i, j, k, l, nr_ts, last_ts, idx;
int kb_base_warned = 0;
runstats = malloc(sizeof(struct group_run_stats) * (groupid + 1));
for (i = 0; i < groupid + 1; i++) {
rs = &runstats[i];
memset(rs, 0, sizeof(*rs));
rs->min_bw[0] = rs->min_run[0] = ~0UL;
rs->min_bw[1] = rs->min_run[1] = ~0UL;
}
/*
* find out how many threads stats we need. if group reporting isn't
* enabled, it's one-per-td.
*/
nr_ts = 0;
last_ts = -1;
for_each_td(td, i) {
if (!td->o.group_reporting) {
nr_ts++;
continue;
}
if (last_ts == td->groupid)
continue;
last_ts = td->groupid;
nr_ts++;
}
threadstats = malloc(nr_ts * sizeof(struct thread_stat));
for (i = 0; i < nr_ts; i++) {
ts = &threadstats[i];
memset(ts, 0, sizeof(*ts));
for (j = 0; j <= DDIR_WRITE; j++) {
ts->clat_stat[j].min_val = -1UL;
ts->slat_stat[j].min_val = -1UL;
ts->bw_stat[j].min_val = -1UL;
}
ts->groupid = -1;
}
j = 0;
last_ts = -1;
idx = 0;
for_each_td(td, i) {
if (idx && (!td->o.group_reporting ||
(td->o.group_reporting && last_ts != td->groupid))) {
idx = 0;
j++;
}
last_ts = td->groupid;
ts = &threadstats[j];
idx++;
ts->members++;
if (ts->groupid == -1) {
/*
* These are per-group shared already
*/
ts->name = td->o.name;
ts->description = td->o.description;
ts->groupid = td->groupid;
/*
* first pid in group, not very useful...
*/
ts->pid = td->pid;
ts->kb_base = td->o.kb_base;
} else if (ts->kb_base != td->o.kb_base && !kb_base_warned) {
log_info("fio: kb_base differs for jobs in group, using"
" %u as the base\n", ts->kb_base);
kb_base_warned = 1;
}
ts->continue_on_error = td->o.continue_on_error;
ts->total_err_count += td->total_err_count;
ts->first_error = td->first_error;
if (!ts->error) {
if (!td->error && td->o.continue_on_error &&
td->first_error) {
ts->error = td->first_error;
ts->verror = td->verror;
} else if (td->error) {
ts->error = td->error;
ts->verror = td->verror;
}
}
for (l = 0; l <= DDIR_WRITE; l++) {
sum_stat(&ts->clat_stat[l], &td->ts.clat_stat[l], idx);
sum_stat(&ts->slat_stat[l], &td->ts.slat_stat[l], idx);
sum_stat(&ts->bw_stat[l], &td->ts.bw_stat[l], idx);
ts->stat_io_bytes[l] += td->ts.stat_io_bytes[l];
ts->io_bytes[l] += td->ts.io_bytes[l];
if (ts->runtime[l] < td->ts.runtime[l])
ts->runtime[l] = td->ts.runtime[l];
}
ts->usr_time += td->ts.usr_time;
ts->sys_time += td->ts.sys_time;
ts->ctx += td->ts.ctx;
ts->majf += td->ts.majf;
ts->minf += td->ts.minf;
for (k = 0; k < FIO_IO_U_MAP_NR; k++)
ts->io_u_map[k] += td->ts.io_u_map[k];
for (k = 0; k < FIO_IO_U_MAP_NR; k++)
ts->io_u_submit[k] += td->ts.io_u_submit[k];
for (k = 0; k < FIO_IO_U_MAP_NR; k++)
ts->io_u_complete[k] += td->ts.io_u_complete[k];
for (k = 0; k < FIO_IO_U_LAT_U_NR; k++)
ts->io_u_lat_u[k] += td->ts.io_u_lat_u[k];
for (k = 0; k < FIO_IO_U_LAT_M_NR; k++)
ts->io_u_lat_m[k] += td->ts.io_u_lat_m[k];
for (k = 0; k <= DDIR_WRITE; k++) {
ts->total_io_u[k] += td->ts.total_io_u[k];
ts->short_io_u[k] += td->ts.short_io_u[k];
}
ts->total_run_time += td->ts.total_run_time;
ts->total_submit += td->ts.total_submit;
ts->total_complete += td->ts.total_complete;
}
for (i = 0; i < nr_ts; i++) {
unsigned long long bw;
ts = &threadstats[i];
rs = &runstats[ts->groupid];
rs->kb_base = ts->kb_base;
for (j = 0; j <= DDIR_WRITE; j++) {
if (!ts->runtime[j])
continue;
if (ts->runtime[j] < rs->min_run[j] || !rs->min_run[j])
rs->min_run[j] = ts->runtime[j];
if (ts->runtime[j] > rs->max_run[j])
rs->max_run[j] = ts->runtime[j];
bw = 0;
if (ts->runtime[j]) {
unsigned long runt;
runt = ts->runtime[j];
bw = ts->io_bytes[j] / runt;
}
if (bw < rs->min_bw[j])
rs->min_bw[j] = bw;
if (bw > rs->max_bw[j])
rs->max_bw[j] = bw;
rs->io_kb[j] += ts->io_bytes[j] / rs->kb_base;
}
}
for (i = 0; i < groupid + 1; i++) {
unsigned long max_run[2];
rs = &runstats[i];
max_run[0] = rs->max_run[0];
max_run[1] = rs->max_run[1];
if (rs->max_run[0])
rs->agg[0] = (rs->io_kb[0] * 1000) / max_run[0];
if (rs->max_run[1])
rs->agg[1] = (rs->io_kb[1] * 1000) / max_run[1];
}
/*
* don't overwrite last signal output
*/
if (!terse_output)
printf("\n");
for (i = 0; i < nr_ts; i++) {
ts = &threadstats[i];
rs = &runstats[ts->groupid];
if (terse_output)
show_thread_status_terse(ts, rs);
else
show_thread_status(ts, rs);
}
if (!terse_output) {
for (i = 0; i < groupid + 1; i++)
show_group_stats(&runstats[i], i);
show_disk_util();
}
free(runstats);
free(threadstats);
}
static inline void add_stat_sample(struct io_stat *is, unsigned long data)
{
double val = data;
double delta;
if (data > is->max_val)
is->max_val = data;
if (data < is->min_val)
is->min_val = data;
delta = val - is->mean;
if (delta) {
is->mean += delta / (is->samples + 1.0);
is->S += delta * (val - is->mean);
}
is->samples++;
}
static void __add_log_sample(struct io_log *iolog, unsigned long val,
enum fio_ddir ddir, unsigned int bs,
unsigned long time)
{
const int nr_samples = iolog->nr_samples;
if (iolog->nr_samples == iolog->max_samples) {
int new_size = sizeof(struct io_sample) * iolog->max_samples*2;
iolog->log = realloc(iolog->log, new_size);
iolog->max_samples <<= 1;
}
iolog->log[nr_samples].val = val;
iolog->log[nr_samples].time = time;
iolog->log[nr_samples].ddir = ddir;
iolog->log[nr_samples].bs = bs;
iolog->nr_samples++;
}
static void add_log_sample(struct thread_data *td, struct io_log *iolog,
unsigned long val, enum fio_ddir ddir,
unsigned int bs)
{
__add_log_sample(iolog, val, ddir, bs, mtime_since_now(&td->epoch));
}
void add_agg_sample(unsigned long val, enum fio_ddir ddir, unsigned int bs)
{
struct io_log *iolog = agg_io_log[ddir];
__add_log_sample(iolog, val, ddir, bs, mtime_since_genesis());
}
void add_clat_sample(struct thread_data *td, enum fio_ddir ddir,
unsigned long usec, unsigned int bs)
{
struct thread_stat *ts = &td->ts;
add_stat_sample(&ts->clat_stat[ddir], usec);
if (ts->clat_log)
add_log_sample(td, ts->clat_log, usec, ddir, bs);
}
void add_slat_sample(struct thread_data *td, enum fio_ddir ddir,
unsigned long usec, unsigned int bs)
{
struct thread_stat *ts = &td->ts;
add_stat_sample(&ts->slat_stat[ddir], usec);
if (ts->slat_log)
add_log_sample(td, ts->slat_log, usec, ddir, bs);
}
void add_bw_sample(struct thread_data *td, enum fio_ddir ddir, unsigned int bs,
struct timeval *t)
{
struct thread_stat *ts = &td->ts;
unsigned long spent = mtime_since(&ts->stat_sample_time[ddir], t);
unsigned long rate;
if (spent < td->o.bw_avg_time)
return;
rate = (td->this_io_bytes[ddir] - ts->stat_io_bytes[ddir]) *
1000 / spent / 1024;
add_stat_sample(&ts->bw_stat[ddir], rate);
if (ts->bw_log)
add_log_sample(td, ts->bw_log, rate, ddir, bs);
fio_gettime(&ts->stat_sample_time[ddir], NULL);
ts->stat_io_bytes[ddir] = td->this_io_bytes[ddir];
}