common/rc

##/bin/bash
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
# Copyright (c) 2000-2006 Silicon Graphics, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.

. common/config

BC="$(type -P bc)" || BC=

_require_math()
{
	if [ -z "$BC" ]; then
		_notrun "this test requires 'bc' tool for doing math operations"
	fi
}

_math()
{
	[ $# -le 0 ] && return
	LANG=C echo "scale=0; $@" | "$BC" -q 2> /dev/null
}

dd()
{
	command dd --help 2>&1 | grep noxfer >/dev/null
	if [ "$?" -eq 0 ]
	    then
		command dd status=noxfer $@
	    else
		command dd $@
	fi
}

# Prints the md5 checksum of a given file
_md5_checksum()
{
	md5sum $1 | cut -d ' ' -f1
}

# Write a byte into a range of a file
_pwrite_byte() {
	local pattern="$1"
	local offset="$2"
	local len="$3"
	local file="$4"
	local xfs_io_args="$5"

	$XFS_IO_PROG $xfs_io_args -f -c "pwrite -S $pattern $offset $len" "$file"
}

# mmap-write a byte into a range of a file
_mwrite_byte() {
	local pattern="$1"
	local offset="$2"
	local len="$3"
	local mmap_len="$4"
	local file="$5"

	$XFS_IO_PROG -f -c "mmap -rw 0 $mmap_len" -c "mwrite -S $pattern $offset $len" "$file"
}

# ls -l w/ selinux sometimes puts a dot at the end:
# -rwxrw-r--. id1 id2 file1
# Also filter out lost+found directory on extN file system if present

_ls_l()
{
	ls -l $* | sed "s/\(^[-rwxdlbcpsStT]*\)\. /\1 /" | grep -v 'lost+found'
}

_dump_err()
{
    _err_msg="$*"
    echo "$_err_msg"
}

_dump_err_cont()
{
    _err_msg="$*"
    echo -n "$_err_msg"
}

_dump_err2()
{
    _err_msg="$*"
    >&2 echo "$_err_msg"
}

_log_err()
{
    _err_msg="$*"
    echo "$_err_msg" | tee -a $seqres.full
    echo "(see $seqres.full for details)"
}

# make sure we have a standard umask
umask 022

# check for correct setup and source the $FSTYP specific functions now
case "$FSTYP" in
    xfs)
	 [ "$XFS_LOGPRINT_PROG" = "" ] && _fatal "xfs_logprint not found"
	 [ "$XFS_REPAIR_PROG" = "" ] && _fatal "xfs_repair not found"
	 [ "$XFS_DB_PROG" = "" ] && _fatal "xfs_db not found"
	 [ "$MKFS_XFS_PROG" = "" ] && _fatal "mkfs_xfs not found"
	 [ "$XFS_INFO_PROG" = "" ] && _fatal "xfs_info not found"

	 . ./common/xfs
	 ;;
    udf)
	 [ "$MKFS_UDF_PROG" = "" ] && _fatal "mkfs_udf/mkudffs not found"
	 ;;
    btrfs)
	 [ "$MKFS_BTRFS_PROG" = "" ] && _fatal "mkfs.btrfs not found"

	 . ./common/btrfs
	 ;;
    ext4)
	 [ "$MKFS_EXT4_PROG" = "" ] && _fatal "mkfs.ext4 not found"
	 ;;
    f2fs)
	 [ "$MKFS_F2FS_PROG" = "" ] && _fatal "mkfs.f2fs not found"
	 ;;
    nfs)
	 . ./common/nfs
	 ;;
    cifs)
	 ;;
    9p)
	 ;;
    ceph)
	 . ./common/ceph
	 ;;
    glusterfs)
	 ;;
    overlay)
	 . ./common/overlay
	 ;;
    reiser4)
	 [ "$MKFS_REISER4_PROG" = "" ] && _fatal "mkfs.reiser4 not found"
	 ;;
    pvfs2)
	;;
    ubifs)
	[ "$UBIUPDATEVOL_PROG" = "" ] && _fatal "ubiupdatevol not found"
	;;
esac

if [ ! -z "$REPORT_LIST" ]; then
	. ./common/report
	_assert_report_list
fi

_get_filesize()
{
    stat -c %s "$1"
}

# Get hugepagesize in bytes
_get_hugepagesize()
{
	local hugepgsz=$(awk '/Hugepagesize/ {print $2}' /proc/meminfo)
	# Call _notrun if $hugepgsz is not a number
	echo "$hugepgsz" | egrep -q ^[0-9]+$ || \
		_notrun "Cannot get the value of Hugepagesize"
	echo $((hugepgsz * 1024))
}

_mount()
{
    $MOUNT_PROG `_mount_ops_filter $*`
}

# Call _mount to do mount operation but also save mountpoint to
# MOUNTED_POINT_STACK. Note that the mount point must be the last parameter
_get_mount()
{
	local mnt_point=${!#}
	local mnt_dev=${@:(-2):1}
	local scratch_opts=""
	if [ "$mnt_dev" = "$SCRATCH_DEV" ]; then
		_scratch_options mount
		scratch_opts="$SCRATCH_OPTIONS"
	fi

	_mount $scratch_opts $*
	if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
		# mount --move operation updates the mountpoint, so remove
		# the old one and insert the new one
		if [[ "$*" =~ --move|-M ]]; then
			MOUNTED_POINT_STACK=`echo $MOUNTED_POINT_STACK | \
						cut -d\  -f2-`
		fi
		MOUNTED_POINT_STACK="$mnt_point $MOUNTED_POINT_STACK"
	else
		return 1
	fi
}

# Unmount the last mounted mountpoint in MOUNTED_POINT_STACK
# and return it to caller
_put_mount()
{
	local last_mnt=`echo $MOUNTED_POINT_STACK | awk '{print $1}'`

	if [ -n "$last_mnt" ]; then
		$UMOUNT_PROG $last_mnt
	fi
	MOUNTED_POINT_STACK=`echo $MOUNTED_POINT_STACK | cut -d\  -f2-`
}

# Unmount all mountpoints in MOUNTED_POINT_STACK and clear the stack
_clear_mount_stack()
{
	if [ -n "$MOUNTED_POINT_STACK" ]; then
		$UMOUNT_PROG $MOUNTED_POINT_STACK
	fi
	MOUNTED_POINT_STACK=""
}

_scratch_options()
{
    local type=$1
    local rt_opt=""
    local log_opt=""
    SCRATCH_OPTIONS=""

    if [ "$FSTYP" != "xfs" ]; then
        return
    fi

    case $type in
    mkfs)
	SCRATCH_OPTIONS="$SCRATCH_OPTIONS -f"
	rt_opt="-r"
        log_opt="-l"
	;;
    mount)
	rt_opt="-o"
        log_opt="-o"
	;;
    esac
    [ "$USE_EXTERNAL" = yes -a ! -z "$SCRATCH_RTDEV" ] && \
	SCRATCH_OPTIONS="$SCRATCH_OPTIONS ${rt_opt}rtdev=$SCRATCH_RTDEV"
    [ "$USE_EXTERNAL" = yes -a ! -z "$SCRATCH_LOGDEV" ] && \
	SCRATCH_OPTIONS="$SCRATCH_OPTIONS ${log_opt}logdev=$SCRATCH_LOGDEV"
}

_test_options()
{
    local type=$1
    local rt_opt=""
    local log_opt=""
    TEST_OPTIONS=""

    if [ "$FSTYP" != "xfs" ]; then
        return
    fi

    case $type in
    mkfs)
	rt_opt="-r"
        log_opt="-l"
	;;
    mount)
	rt_opt="-o"
        log_opt="-o"
	;;
    esac
    [ "$USE_EXTERNAL" = yes -a ! -z "$TEST_RTDEV" ] && \
	TEST_OPTIONS="$TEST_OPTIONS ${rt_opt}rtdev=$TEST_RTDEV"
    [ "$USE_EXTERNAL" = yes -a ! -z "$TEST_LOGDEV" ] && \
	TEST_OPTIONS="$TEST_OPTIONS ${log_opt}logdev=$TEST_LOGDEV"
}

_mount_ops_filter()
{
    local params="$*"
    local last_index=$(( $# - 1 ))

    [ $last_index -gt 0 ] && shift $last_index
    local fs_escaped=$1

    echo $params | \
        $PERL_PROG -ne "s#mtpt=[^,|^\n|^\s]*#mtpt=$fs_escaped\1\2#; print;"

}

# Used for mounting non-scratch devices (e.g. loop, dm constructs)
# with the safe set of scratch mount options (e.g. loop image may be
# hosted on $SCRATCH_DEV, so can't use external scratch devices).
_common_dev_mount_options()
{
	echo $MOUNT_OPTIONS $SELINUX_MOUNT_OPTIONS $*
}

_scratch_mount_options()
{
	_scratch_options mount

	echo `_common_dev_mount_options $*` $SCRATCH_OPTIONS \
					$SCRATCH_DEV $SCRATCH_MNT
}

_supports_filetype()
{
	local dir=$1

	local fstyp=`$DF_PROG $dir | tail -1 | $AWK_PROG '{print $2}'`
	case "$fstyp" in
	xfs)
		$XFS_INFO_PROG $dir | grep -q "ftype=1"
		;;
	ext2|ext3|ext4)
		local dev=`$DF_PROG $dir | tail -1 | $AWK_PROG '{print $1}'`
		tune2fs -l $dev | grep -q filetype
		;;
	*)
		local testfile=$dir/$$.ftype
		touch $testfile
		# look for DT_UNKNOWN files
		local unknowns=$($here/src/t_dir_type $dir u | wc -l)
		rm $testfile
		# 0 unknowns is success
		return $unknowns
		;;
	esac
}

# mount scratch device with given options but don't check mount status
_try_scratch_mount()
{
	local mount_ret

	if [ "$FSTYP" == "overlay" ]; then
		_overlay_scratch_mount $*
		return $?
	fi
	_mount -t $FSTYP `_scratch_mount_options $*`
	mount_ret=$?
	[ $mount_ret -ne 0 ] && return $mount_ret
	_idmapped_mount $SCRATCH_DEV $SCRATCH_MNT
}

# mount scratch device with given options and _fail if mount fails
_scratch_mount()
{
	_try_scratch_mount $* || _fail "mount $(_scratch_mount_options $*) failed"
}

_scratch_mount_idmapped()
{
	local type="$1"
	local id="$2"

	if [ "$type" = "u" ]; then
		# This means root will be able to create files as uid %id in
		# the underlying filesystem by going through the idmapped mount.
		$here/src/vfs/mount-idmapped --map-mount u:0:$id:1 \
					     --map-mount u:$id:0:1 \
					     --map-mount g:0:0:1 \
					     "$SCRATCH_MNT" "$SCRATCH_MNT" || _fail "mount-idmapped failed"
	elif [ "$type" = "g" ]; then
		# This means root will be able to create files as gid %id in
		# the underlying filesystem by going through the idmapped mount.
		$here/src/vfs/mount-idmapped --map-mount g:0:$id:1 \
					     --map-mount g:$id:0:1 \
					     --map-mount u:0:0:1 \
					     "$SCRATCH_MNT" "$SCRATCH_MNT" || _fail "mount-idmapped failed"
	elif [ "$type" = "b" ]; then
		# This means root will be able to create files as uid and gid
		# %id in the underlying filesystem by going through the idmapped mount.
		$here/src/vfs/mount-idmapped --map-mount b:0:$id:1 \
					     --map-mount b:$id:0:1 \
					     "$SCRATCH_MNT" "$SCRATCH_MNT" || _fail "mount-idmapped failed"
	else
		_fail "usage: either \"u\" (uid), \"g\" (gid), or \"b\" (uid and gid) must be specified "
	fi
}

_scratch_unmount()
{
	case "$FSTYP" in
	overlay)
		_overlay_scratch_unmount
		;;
	btrfs)
		$UMOUNT_PROG $SCRATCH_MNT
		;;
	*)
		$UMOUNT_PROG $SCRATCH_DEV
		;;
	esac
}

_scratch_umount_idmapped()
{
	$UMOUNT_PROG $SCRATCH_MNT
}

_scratch_remount()
{
    local opts="$1"

    if test -n "$opts"; then
	_try_scratch_mount "-o remount,$opts"
    fi
}

_scratch_cycle_mount()
{
    local opts="$1"

    if [ "$FSTYP" = tmpfs ]; then
	_scratch_remount "$opts"
	return
    fi
    if test -n "$opts"; then
	opts="-o $opts"
    fi
    _scratch_unmount
    _try_scratch_mount "$opts" || _fail "cycle mount failed"
}

_scratch_shutdown()
{
	if [ $FSTYP = "overlay" ]; then
		# In lagacy overlay usage, it may specify directory as
		# SCRATCH_DEV, in this case OVL_BASE_SCRATCH_DEV
		# will be null, so check OVL_BASE_SCRATCH_DEV before
		# running shutdown to avoid shutting down base fs accidently.
		if [ -z $OVL_BASE_SCRATCH_DEV ]; then
			_fail "_scratch_shutdown: call _require_scratch_shutdown first in test"
		else
			$here/src/godown $* $OVL_BASE_SCRATCH_MNT
		fi
	else
		$here/src/godown $* $SCRATCH_MNT
	fi
}

# Return a file path that can be used to shut down the scratch filesystem.
# Caller should _require_scratch_shutdown before using this.
_scratch_shutdown_handle()
{
	if [ $FSTYP = "overlay" ]; then
		echo $OVL_BASE_SCRATCH_MNT
	else
		echo $SCRATCH_MNT
	fi
}

_move_mount()
{
	local mnt=$1
	local tmp=$2

	# Replace $mnt with $tmp. Use a temporary bind-mount because
	# mount --move will fail with certain mount propagation layouts.
	$UMOUNT_PROG $mnt || _fail "Failed to unmount $mnt"
	_mount --bind $tmp $mnt || _fail "Failed to bind-mount $tmp to $mnt"
	$UMOUNT_PROG $tmp || _fail "Failed to unmount $tmp"
	rmdir $tmp
}

_idmapped_mount()
{
	[ "$IDMAPPED_MOUNTS" = "true" ] || return 0

	local dev=$1
	local mnt=$2
	local status=0
	local tmp=`mktemp -d`

	local mount_rec=`findmnt -rncv -S $dev -o OPTIONS`
	if [[ "$mount_rec" == *"idmapped"* ]]; then
		return 0
	fi

	# We create an idmapped mount where {g,u}id 0 writes to disk as
	# {g,u}id 10000000 and $(id -u fsgqa) + 10000000. We change ownership
        # of $mnt so {g,u} id 0 can actually create objects in there.
	chown 10000000:10000000 $mnt || return 1
	$here/src/vfs/mount-idmapped \
		--map-mount b:10000000:0:100000000000 \
		$mnt $tmp
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
		rmdir $tmp
		return 1
	fi

	# The next call ensures we don't end up stacking an idmapped mount on
	# top of the original mount. Instead we fully replace the original
	# mount with the idmapped mount. This will not just allow a clean mount
        # layout it also makes unmount and remounting way simpler.
	_move_mount $mnt $tmp
	return $?
}

_test_mount()
{
    local mount_ret

    if [ "$FSTYP" == "overlay" ]; then
        _overlay_test_mount $*
        return $?
    fi
    _test_options mount
    _mount -t $FSTYP $TEST_OPTIONS $TEST_FS_MOUNT_OPTS $SELINUX_MOUNT_OPTIONS $* $TEST_DEV $TEST_DIR
    mount_ret=$?
    [ $mount_ret -ne 0 ] && return $mount_ret
    _idmapped_mount $TEST_DEV $TEST_DIR
}

_test_unmount()
{
	if [ "$FSTYP" == "overlay" ]; then
		_overlay_test_unmount
	else
		$UMOUNT_PROG $TEST_DEV
	fi
}

_test_cycle_mount()
{
    if [ "$FSTYP" = tmpfs ]; then
	return
    fi
    _test_unmount
    _test_mount
}

_scratch_mkfs_options()
{
    _scratch_options mkfs
    echo $SCRATCH_OPTIONS $MKFS_OPTIONS $* $SCRATCH_DEV
}

# Do the actual mkfs work on SCRATCH_DEV. Firstly mkfs with both MKFS_OPTIONS
# and user specified mkfs options, if that fails (due to conflicts between mkfs
# options), do a second mkfs with only user provided mkfs options.
#
# First param is the mkfs command without any mkfs options and device.
# Second param is the filter to remove unnecessary messages from mkfs stderr.
# Other extra mkfs options are followed.
_scratch_do_mkfs()
{
	local mkfs_cmd=$1
	local mkfs_filter=$2
	shift 2
	local extra_mkfs_options=$*
	local mkfs_status
	local tmp=`mktemp -u`

	# save mkfs output in case conflict means we need to run again.
	# only the output for the mkfs that applies should be shown
	eval "$mkfs_cmd $MKFS_OPTIONS $extra_mkfs_options $SCRATCH_DEV" \
		2>$tmp.mkfserr 1>$tmp.mkfsstd
	mkfs_status=$?

	# a mkfs failure may be caused by conflicts between $MKFS_OPTIONS and
	# $extra_mkfs_options
	if [ $mkfs_status -ne 0 -a -n "$extra_mkfs_options" ]; then
		(
		echo -n "** mkfs failed with extra mkfs options "
		echo "added to \"$MKFS_OPTIONS\" by test $seq **"
		echo -n "** attempting to mkfs using only test $seq "
		echo "options: $extra_mkfs_options **"
		) >> $seqres.full

		# running mkfs again. overwrite previous mkfs output files
		eval "$mkfs_cmd $extra_mkfs_options $SCRATCH_DEV" \
			2>$tmp.mkfserr 1>$tmp.mkfsstd
		mkfs_status=$?
	fi

	# output stored mkfs output, filtering unnecessary output from stderr
	cat $tmp.mkfsstd
	eval "cat $tmp.mkfserr | $mkfs_filter" >&2

	rm -f $tmp.mkfserr $tmp.mkfsstd
	return $mkfs_status
}

_setup_large_ext4_fs()
{
	local fs_size=$1
	local tmp_dir=/tmp/

	[ "$LARGE_SCRATCH_DEV" != yes ] && return 0
	[ -z "$SCRATCH_DEV_EMPTY_SPACE" ] && SCRATCH_DEV_EMPTY_SPACE=0
	[ $SCRATCH_DEV_EMPTY_SPACE -ge $fs_size ] && return 0

	# Default free space in the FS is 50GB, but you can specify more via
	# SCRATCH_DEV_EMPTY_SPACE
	local space_to_consume=$(($fs_size - 50*1024*1024*1024 - $SCRATCH_DEV_EMPTY_SPACE))

	# mount the filesystem and create 16TB - 4KB files until we consume
	# all the necessary space.
	_try_scratch_mount 2>&1 >$tmp_dir/mnt.err
	local status=$?
	if [ $status -ne 0 ]; then
		echo "mount failed"
		cat $tmp_dir/mnt.err >&2
		rm -f $tmp_dir/mnt.err
		return $status
	fi
	rm -f $tmp_dir/mnt.err

	local file_size=$((16*1024*1024*1024*1024 - 4096))
	local nfiles=0
	while [ $space_to_consume -gt $file_size ]; do

		xfs_io -F -f \
			-c "truncate $file_size" \
			-c "falloc -k 0 $file_size" \
			$SCRATCH_MNT/.use_space.$nfiles 2>&1
		status=$?
		if [ $status -ne 0 ]; then
			break;
		fi

		space_to_consume=$(( $space_to_consume - $file_size ))
		nfiles=$(($nfiles + 1))
	done

	# consume the remaining space.
	if [ $space_to_consume -gt 0 ]; then
		xfs_io -F -f \
			-c "truncate $space_to_consume" \
			-c "falloc -k 0 $space_to_consume" \
			$SCRATCH_MNT/.use_space.$nfiles 2>&1
		status=$?
	fi
	export NUM_SPACE_FILES=$nfiles

	_scratch_unmount
	if [ $status -ne 0 ]; then
		echo "large file prealloc failed"
		cat $tmp_dir/mnt.err >&2
		return $status
	fi
	return 0
}

_scratch_mkfs_ext4()
{
	local mkfs_cmd="$MKFS_EXT4_PROG -F"
	local mkfs_filter="grep -v -e ^Warning: -e \"^mke2fs \" | grep -v \"^$\""
	local tmp=`mktemp -u`
	local mkfs_status

	[ "$USE_EXTERNAL" = yes -a ! -z "$SCRATCH_LOGDEV" ] && \
	    $mkfs_cmd -O journal_dev $MKFS_OPTIONS $SCRATCH_LOGDEV && \
	    mkfs_cmd="$mkfs_cmd -J device=$SCRATCH_LOGDEV"

	_scratch_do_mkfs "$mkfs_cmd" "$mkfs_filter" $* 2>$tmp.mkfserr 1>$tmp.mkfsstd
	mkfs_status=$?

	if [ $mkfs_status -eq 0 -a "$LARGE_SCRATCH_DEV" = yes ]; then
		# manually parse the mkfs output to get the fs size in bytes
		local fs_size=`cat $tmp.mkfsstd | awk ' \
			/^Block size/ { split($2, a, "="); bs = a[2] ; } \
			/ inodes, / { blks = $3 } \
			/reserved for the super user/ { resv = $1 } \
			END { fssize = bs * blks - resv; print fssize }'`

		_setup_large_ext4_fs $fs_size
		mkfs_status=$?
	fi

	# output mkfs stdout and stderr
	cat $tmp.mkfsstd
	cat $tmp.mkfserr >&2
	rm -f $tmp.mkfserr $tmp.mkfsstd

	return $mkfs_status
}

_ext4_metadump()
{
	local device="$1"
	local dumpfile="$2"
	local compressopt="$3"

	test -n "$E2IMAGE_PROG" || _fail "e2image not installed"
	$E2IMAGE_PROG -Q "$device" "$dumpfile"
	[ "$compressopt" = "compress" ] && [ -n "$DUMP_COMPRESSOR" ] &&
		$DUMP_COMPRESSOR -f "$dumpfile" &>> "$seqres.full"
}

# Capture the metadata of a filesystem in a dump file for offline analysis.
# This is not supported by all filesystem types, so this function should only
# be used after a test has already failed.
_metadump_dev() {
	local device="$1"
	local dumpfile="$2"
	local compressopt="$3"

	test "$DUMP_CORRUPT_FS" = 1 || return 0

	case "$FSTYP" in
	btrfs)
		_btrfs_metadump $device $dumpfile
		;;
	ext*)
		_ext4_metadump $device $dumpfile $compressopt
		;;
	xfs)
		_xfs_metadump $dumpfile $device none $compressopt
		;;
	*)
		echo "Don't know how to metadump $FSTYP"
		return 1
		;;
	esac
}

_test_mkfs()
{
    case $FSTYP in
    nfs*)
	# do nothing for nfs
	;;
    cifs)
	# do nothing for cifs
	;;
    9p)
	# do nothing for 9p
	;;
    virtiofs)
	# do nothing for virtiofs
	;;
    ceph)
	# do nothing for ceph
	;;
    glusterfs)
	# do nothing for glusterfs
	;;
    overlay)
	# do nothing for overlay
	;;
    pvfs2)
	# do nothing for pvfs2
	;;
    udf)
        $MKFS_UDF_PROG $MKFS_OPTIONS $* $TEST_DEV > /dev/null
	;;
    btrfs)
        $MKFS_BTRFS_PROG $MKFS_OPTIONS $* $TEST_DEV > /dev/null
	;;
    ext2|ext3|ext4)
	$MKFS_PROG -t $FSTYP -- -F $MKFS_OPTIONS $* $TEST_DEV
	;;
    *)
	yes | $MKFS_PROG -t $FSTYP -- $MKFS_OPTIONS $* $TEST_DEV
	;;
    esac
}

_mkfs_dev()
{
    local tmp=`mktemp -u`
    case $FSTYP in
    nfs*)
	# do nothing for nfs
	;;
    9p)
	# do nothing for 9p
	;;
    virtiofs)
	# do nothing for virtiofs
	;;
    overlay)
	# do nothing for overlay
	;;
    pvfs2)
	# do nothing for pvfs2
	;;
    udf)
        $MKFS_UDF_PROG $MKFS_OPTIONS $* 2>$tmp.mkfserr 1>$tmp.mkfsstd
	;;
    btrfs)
        $MKFS_BTRFS_PROG $MKFS_OPTIONS $* 2>$tmp.mkfserr 1>$tmp.mkfsstd
	;;
    ext2|ext3|ext4)
	$MKFS_PROG -t $FSTYP -- -F $MKFS_OPTIONS $* \
		2>$tmp.mkfserr 1>$tmp.mkfsstd
	;;
    xfs)
	$MKFS_PROG -t $FSTYP -- -f $MKFS_OPTIONS $* \
		2>$tmp.mkfserr 1>$tmp.mkfsstd
	;;
    *)
	yes | $MKFS_PROG -t $FSTYP -- $MKFS_OPTIONS $* \
		2>$tmp.mkfserr 1>$tmp.mkfsstd
	;;
    esac

    if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
	# output stored mkfs output
	cat $tmp.mkfserr >&2
	cat $tmp.mkfsstd
	status=1
	exit 1
    fi
    rm -f $tmp.mkfserr $tmp.mkfsstd
}

# remove all files in $SCRATCH_MNT, useful when testing on NFS/CIFS
_scratch_cleanup_files()
{
	case $FSTYP in
	overlay)
		# Avoid rm -rf /* if we messed up
		[ -n "$OVL_BASE_SCRATCH_MNT" ] || return 1
		_overlay_base_scratch_mount || return 1
		rm -rf $OVL_BASE_SCRATCH_MNT/* || return 1
		_overlay_mkdirs $OVL_BASE_SCRATCH_MNT
		# leave base fs mouted so tests can setup lower/upper dir files
		;;
	*)
		[ -n "$SCRATCH_MNT" ] || return 1
		_scratch_mount
		rm -rf $SCRATCH_MNT/*
		_scratch_unmount
		;;
	esac
}

_scratch_mkfs()
{
	local mkfs_cmd=""
	local mkfs_filter=""
	local mkfs_status

	case $FSTYP in
	nfs*|cifs|ceph|overlay|glusterfs|pvfs2|9p|virtiofs)
		# unable to re-create this fstyp, just remove all files in
		# $SCRATCH_MNT to avoid EEXIST caused by the leftover files
		# created in previous runs
		_scratch_cleanup_files
		return $?
		;;
	tmpfs)
		# do nothing for tmpfs
		return 0
		;;
	ubifs)
		# erase the UBI volume; reformated automatically on next mount
		$UBIUPDATEVOL_PROG ${SCRATCH_DEV} -t
		return 0
		;;
	ext4)
		_scratch_mkfs_ext4 $*
		return $?
		;;
	xfs)
		_scratch_mkfs_xfs $*
		return $?
		;;
	udf)
		mkfs_cmd="$MKFS_UDF_PROG"
		mkfs_filter="cat"
		;;
	btrfs)
		mkfs_cmd="$MKFS_BTRFS_PROG"
		mkfs_filter="cat"
		;;
	ext3)
		mkfs_cmd="$MKFS_PROG -t $FSTYP -- -F"
		mkfs_filter="grep -v -e ^Warning: -e \"^mke2fs \""

		# put journal on separate device?
		[ "$USE_EXTERNAL" = yes -a ! -z "$SCRATCH_LOGDEV" ] && \
		$mkfs_cmd -O journal_dev $MKFS_OPTIONS $SCRATCH_LOGDEV && \
		mkfs_cmd="$mkfs_cmd -J device=$SCRATCH_LOGDEV"
		;;
	ext2)
		mkfs_cmd="$MKFS_PROG -t $FSTYP -- -F"
		mkfs_filter="grep -v -e ^Warning: -e \"^mke2fs \""
		;;
	f2fs)
		mkfs_cmd="$MKFS_F2FS_PROG"
		mkfs_filter="cat"
		;;
	ocfs2)
		mkfs_cmd="yes | $MKFS_PROG -t $FSTYP --"
		mkfs_filter="grep -v -e ^mkfs\.ocfs2"
		;;
	*)
		mkfs_cmd="yes | $MKFS_PROG -t $FSTYP --"
		mkfs_filter="cat"
		;;
	esac

	_scratch_do_mkfs "$mkfs_cmd" "$mkfs_filter" $*
	return $?
}

# Helper function to get a spare or replace-target device from
# configured SCRATCH_DEV_POLL, must call _scratch_dev_pool_get()
# before _spare_dev_get(). Replace-target-device/Spare-device will
# be assigned to SPARE_DEV.
# As of now only one replace-target-device/spare-device can be
# assigned.
#
# Usage:
#  _scratch_dev_pool_get() <ndevs>
#     _spare_dev_get()
#     :: do stuff
#     _spare_dev_put()
#  _scratch_dev_pool_put()
#
_spare_dev_get()
{
	typeset -p SCRATCH_DEV_POOL_SAVED >/dev/null 2>&1
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
		_fail "Bug: unset val, must call _scratch_dev_pool_get before _spare_dev_get"
	fi

	if [ -z "$SCRATCH_DEV_POOL_SAVED" ]; then
		_fail "Bug: str empty, must call _scratch_dev_pool_get before _spare_dev_get"
	fi

	# Check if the spare is already assigned
	typeset -p SPARE_DEV >/dev/null 2>&1
	if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
		if [ ! -z "$SPARE_DEV" ]; then
			_fail "Bug: SPARE_DEV = $SPARE_DEV already assigned"
		fi
	fi

	local ndevs=`echo $SCRATCH_DEV_POOL| wc -w`
	local config_ndevs=`echo $SCRATCH_DEV_POOL_SAVED| wc -w`

	if [ $ndevs -eq $config_ndevs ]; then
		_notrun "All devs used no spare"
	fi
	# Get a dev that is not used
	local -a devs="( $SCRATCH_DEV_POOL_SAVED )"
	SPARE_DEV=${devs[@]:$ndevs:1}
	export SPARE_DEV
}

_spare_dev_put()
{
	typeset -p SPARE_DEV >/dev/null 2>&1
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
		_fail "Bug: unset val, must call _spare_dev_get before its put"
	fi

	if [ -z "$SPARE_DEV" ]; then
		_fail "Bug: str empty, must call _spare_dev_get before its put"
	fi

	export SPARE_DEV=""
}

#
# Generally test cases will have..
#   _require_scratch_dev_pool X
# to make sure it has the enough scratch devices including
# replace-target and spare device. Now arg1 here is the
# required number of scratch devices by a-test-case excluding
# the replace-target and spare device. So this function will
# set SCRATCH_DEV_POOL to the specified number of devices.
#
# Usage:
#  _scratch_dev_pool_get() <ndevs>
#     :: do stuff
#
#  _scratch_dev_pool_put()
#
_scratch_dev_pool_get()
{
	if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then
		_fail "Usage: _scratch_dev_pool_get ndevs"
	fi

	typeset -p SCRATCH_DEV_POOL >/dev/null 2>&1
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
		_fail "Bug: cant find SCRATCH_DEV_POOL ndevs"
	fi

	local test_ndevs=$1
	local config_ndevs=`echo $SCRATCH_DEV_POOL| wc -w`
	local -a devs="( $SCRATCH_DEV_POOL )"

	if [ $config_ndevs -lt $test_ndevs ]; then
		_notrun "Need at least test requested number of ndevs $test_ndevs"
	fi

	SCRATCH_DEV_POOL_SAVED=${SCRATCH_DEV_POOL}
	export SCRATCH_DEV_POOL_SAVED
	SCRATCH_DEV_POOL=${devs[@]:0:$test_ndevs}
	export SCRATCH_DEV_POOL
}

_scratch_dev_pool_put()
{
	typeset -p SCRATCH_DEV_POOL_SAVED >/dev/null 2>&1
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
		_fail "Bug: unset val, must call _scratch_dev_pool_get before _scratch_dev_pool_put"
	fi

	if [ -z "$SCRATCH_DEV_POOL_SAVED" ]; then
		_fail "Bug: str empty, must call _scratch_dev_pool_get before _scratch_dev_pool_put"
	fi

	export SCRATCH_DEV_POOL=$SCRATCH_DEV_POOL_SAVED
	export SCRATCH_DEV_POOL_SAVED=""
}

_scratch_pool_mkfs()
{
    case $FSTYP in
    btrfs)
        $MKFS_BTRFS_PROG $MKFS_OPTIONS $* $SCRATCH_DEV_POOL > /dev/null
        ;;
    *)
        echo "_scratch_pool_mkfs is not implemented for $FSTYP" 1>&2
        ;;
    esac
}

# Return the amount of free memory available on the system
_free_memory_bytes()
{
    free -b | grep ^Mem | awk '{print $4}'
}

_available_memory_bytes()
{
	nf=`free -b | grep ^Mem | awk '{print NF}'`
	if [[ nf -lt 7 ]]; then
		# Doesn't have available field. Fallback.
		_free_memory_bytes
	else
		free -b | grep ^Mem | awk '{print $7}'
	fi
}

_check_minimal_fs_size()
{
	local fssize=$1

	if [ -n "$MIN_FSSIZE" ]; then
		[ $MIN_FSSIZE -gt "$fssize" ] &&
			_notrun "specified filesystem size is too small"
	fi
}

# Create fs of certain size on scratch device
# _scratch_mkfs_sized <size in bytes> [optional blocksize]
_scratch_mkfs_sized()
{
	local fssize=$1
	local blocksize=$2
	local def_blksz

	case $FSTYP in
	xfs)
		def_blksz=`echo $MKFS_OPTIONS | sed -rn 's/.*-b ?size= ?+([0-9]+).*/\1/p'`
		;;
	btrfs)
		def_blksz=`echo $MKFS_OPTIONS | sed -rn 's/.*-s ?+([0-9]+).*/\1/p'`
		;;
	ext2|ext3|ext4|ext4dev|udf|reiser4|ocfs2|reiserfs)
		def_blksz=`echo $MKFS_OPTIONS | sed -rn 's/.*-b ?+([0-9]+).*/\1/p'`
		;;
	jfs)
		def_blksz=4096
		;;
	esac

	[ -n "$def_blksz" ] && blocksize=$def_blksz
	[ -z "$blocksize" ] && blocksize=4096

	local re='^[0-9]+$'
	if ! [[ $fssize =~ $re ]] ; then
		_notrun "error: _scratch_mkfs_sized: fs size \"$fssize\" not an integer."
	fi
	if ! [[ $blocksize =~ $re ]] ; then
		_notrun "error: _scratch_mkfs_sized: block size \"$blocksize\" not an integer."
	fi

	local blocks=`expr $fssize / $blocksize`

	_check_minimal_fs_size $fssize

	if [ -b "$SCRATCH_DEV" ]; then
		local devsize=`blockdev --getsize64 $SCRATCH_DEV`
		[ "$fssize" -gt "$devsize" ] && _notrun "Scratch device too small"
	fi

	if [ "$FSTYP" = "xfs" ] && [ -b "$SCRATCH_RTDEV" ]; then
		local rtdevsize=`blockdev --getsize64 $SCRATCH_RTDEV`
		[ "$fssize" -gt "$rtdevsize" ] && _notrun "Scratch rt device too small"
		rt_ops="-r size=$fssize"
	fi

	case $FSTYP in
	xfs)
		# don't override MKFS_OPTIONS that set a block size.
		echo $MKFS_OPTIONS |egrep -q "b?size="
		if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
			_scratch_mkfs_xfs -d size=$fssize $rt_ops
		else
			_scratch_mkfs_xfs -d size=$fssize $rt_ops -b size=$blocksize
		fi
		;;
	ext2|ext3|ext4|ext4dev)
		${MKFS_PROG} -t $FSTYP -F $MKFS_OPTIONS -b $blocksize $SCRATCH_DEV $blocks
		;;
	gfs2)
		# mkfs.gfs2 doesn't automatically shrink journal files on small
		# filesystems, so the journal files may end up being bigger than the
		# filesystem, which will cause mkfs.gfs2 to fail.  Until that's fixed,
		# shrink the journal size to at most one eigth of the filesystem and at
		# least 8 MiB, the minimum size allowed.
		local min_journal_size=8
		local default_journal_size=128
		if (( fssize/8 / (1024*1024) < default_journal_size )); then
			local journal_size=$(( fssize/8 / (1024*1024) ))
			(( journal_size >= min_journal_size )) || journal_size=$min_journal_size
			MKFS_OPTIONS="-J $journal_size $MKFS_OPTIONS"
		fi
		${MKFS_PROG} -t $FSTYP $MKFS_OPTIONS -O -b $blocksize $SCRATCH_DEV $blocks
		;;
	ocfs2)
		yes | ${MKFS_PROG} -t $FSTYP -F $MKFS_OPTIONS -b $blocksize $SCRATCH_DEV $blocks
		;;
	udf)
		$MKFS_UDF_PROG $MKFS_OPTIONS -b $blocksize $SCRATCH_DEV $blocks
		;;
	btrfs)
		local mixed_opt=
		# Mixed option is required when the filesystem size is small and
		# the device is not zoned. Ref: btrfs-progs: btrfs_min_dev_size()
		(( fssize < $((256 * 1024 * 1024)) )) &&
			! _scratch_btrfs_is_zoned && mixed_opt='--mixed'
		$MKFS_BTRFS_PROG $MKFS_OPTIONS $mixed_opt -b $fssize $SCRATCH_DEV
		;;
	jfs)
		${MKFS_PROG} -t $FSTYP $MKFS_OPTIONS $SCRATCH_DEV $blocks
		;;
	reiserfs)
		${MKFS_PROG} -t $FSTYP $MKFS_OPTIONS -b $blocksize $SCRATCH_DEV $blocks
		;;
	reiser4)
		# mkfs.resier4 requires size in KB as input for creating filesystem
		$MKFS_REISER4_PROG $MKFS_OPTIONS -y -b $blocksize $SCRATCH_DEV \
				   `expr $fssize / 1024`
		;;
	f2fs)
		# mkfs.f2fs requires # of sectors as an input for the size
		local sector_size=`blockdev --getss $SCRATCH_DEV`
		$MKFS_F2FS_PROG $MKFS_OPTIONS $SCRATCH_DEV `expr $fssize / $sector_size`
		;;
	tmpfs)
		local free_mem=`_free_memory_bytes`
		if [ "$free_mem" -lt "$fssize" ] ; then
		   _notrun "Not enough memory ($free_mem) for tmpfs with $fssize bytes"
		fi
		export MOUNT_OPTIONS="-o size=$fssize $TMPFS_MOUNT_OPTIONS"
		;;
	bcachefs)
		$MKFS_PROG -t $FSTYP -- $MKFS_OPTIONS --fs_size=$fssize --block_size=$blocksize $SCRATCH_DEV
		;;
	*)
		_notrun "Filesystem $FSTYP not supported in _scratch_mkfs_sized"
		;;
	esac
}

# Emulate an N-data-disk stripe w/ various stripe units
# _scratch_mkfs_geom <sunit bytes> <swidth multiplier> [optional blocksize]
_scratch_mkfs_geom()
{
    local sunit_bytes=$1
    local swidth_mult=$2
    local blocksize=$3
    [ -z "$blocksize" ] && blocksize=4096

    local sunit_blocks=$(( sunit_bytes / blocksize ))
    local swidth_blocks=$(( sunit_blocks * swidth_mult ))

    case $FSTYP in
    xfs)
	if echo "$MKFS_OPTIONS" | egrep -q "b?size="; then
		MKFS_OPTIONS=$(echo "$MKFS_OPTIONS" | sed -r "s/(b?size=)[0-9]+k?/\1$blocksize/")
	else
		MKFS_OPTIONS+=" -b size=$blocksize"
	fi

	if echo "$MKFS_OPTIONS" | egrep -q "(su|sunit|sw|swidth)="; then
		MKFS_OPTIONS=$(echo "$MKFS_OPTIONS" | sed -r \
			-e "s/(su|sunit)=[0-9kmg]+/su=$sunit_bytes/" \
			-e "s/(sw|swidth)=[0-9kmg]+/sw=$swidth_mult/")
	else
		MKFS_OPTIONS+=" -d su=$sunit_bytes,sw=$swidth_mult"
	fi
	;;
    ext4|ext4dev)
	MKFS_OPTIONS+=" -b $blocksize -E stride=$sunit_blocks,stripe_width=$swidth_blocks"
	;;
    *)
	_notrun "can't mkfs $FSTYP with geometry"
	;;
    esac
    _scratch_mkfs
}

# Create fs of certain blocksize on scratch device
# _scratch_mkfs_blocksized blocksize
_scratch_mkfs_blocksized()
{
	local blocksize=$1

	local re='^[0-9]+$'
	if ! [[ $blocksize =~ $re ]] ; then
		_notrun "error: _scratch_mkfs_sized: block size \"$blocksize\" not an integer."
	fi

	case $FSTYP in
	btrfs)
		test -f /sys/fs/btrfs/features/supported_sectorsizes || \
		_notrun "Subpage sectorsize support is not found in $FSTYP"

		grep -wq $blocksize /sys/fs/btrfs/features/supported_sectorsizes || \
		_notrun "$FSTYP does not support sectorsize=$blocksize yet"

		_scratch_mkfs --sectorsize=$blocksize
		;;
	xfs)
		_scratch_mkfs_xfs $MKFS_OPTIONS -b size=$blocksize
		;;
	ext2|ext3|ext4)
		${MKFS_PROG} -t $FSTYP -F $MKFS_OPTIONS -b $blocksize $SCRATCH_DEV
		;;
	gfs2)
		${MKFS_PROG} -t $FSTYP $MKFS_OPTIONS -O -b $blocksize $SCRATCH_DEV
		;;
	ocfs2)
		yes | ${MKFS_PROG} -t $FSTYP -F $MKFS_OPTIONS -b $blocksize \
						-C $blocksize $SCRATCH_DEV
		;;
	bcachefs)
		${MKFS_PROG} -t $FSTYP $MKFS_OPTIONS --block_size=$blocksize \
								$SCRATCH_DEV
		;;
	*)
		_notrun "Filesystem $FSTYP not supported in _scratch_mkfs_blocksized"
		;;
	esac
}

_scratch_resvblks()
{
	case $FSTYP in
	xfs)
		xfs_io -x -c "resblks $1" $SCRATCH_MNT
		;;
	*)
		;;
	esac
}


# Repair scratch filesystem.  Returns 0 if the FS is good to go (either no
# errors found or errors were fixed) and nonzero otherwise; also spits out
# a complaint on stderr if fsck didn't tell us that the FS is good to go.
_repair_scratch_fs()
{
    case $FSTYP in
    xfs)
        _scratch_xfs_repair "$@" 2>&1
	local res=$?
	if [ "$res" -ne 0 ]; then
		echo "xfs_repair returns $res; replay log?"
		_try_scratch_mount
		res=$?
		if [ "$res" -gt 0 ]; then
			echo "mount returns $res; zap log?"
			_scratch_xfs_repair -L 2>&1
			echo "log zap returns $?"
		else
			umount "$SCRATCH_MNT"
		fi
		_scratch_xfs_repair "$@" 2>&1
		res=$?
	fi
	if [ $res -ne 0 ]; then
		_dump_err2 "xfs_repair failed, err=$res"
	fi
	return $res
        ;;
    bcachefs)
	# With bcachefs, if fsck detects any errors we consider it a bug and we
	# want the test to fail:
	_check_scratch_fs
	;;
    *)
	local dev=$SCRATCH_DEV
	local fstyp=$FSTYP
	if [ $FSTYP = "overlay" -a -n "$OVL_BASE_SCRATCH_DEV" ]; then
		_repair_overlay_scratch_fs
		# Fall through to repair base fs
		dev=$OVL_BASE_SCRATCH_DEV
		fstyp=$OVL_BASE_FSTYP
		$UMOUNT_PROG $OVL_BASE_SCRATCH_MNT
	fi
	# Let's hope fsck -y suffices...
	fsck -t $fstyp -y $dev 2>&1
	local res=$?
	case $res in
	$FSCK_OK|$FSCK_NONDESTRUCT|$FSCK_REBOOT)
		res=0
		;;
	*)
		_dump_err2 "fsck.$FSTYP failed, err=$res"
		;;
	esac
	return $res
        ;;
    esac
}

_get_pids_by_name()
{
    if [ $# -ne 1 ]
    then
	echo "Usage: _get_pids_by_name process-name" 1>&2
	exit 1
    fi

    # Algorithm ... all ps(1) variants have a time of the form MM:SS or
    # HH:MM:SS before the psargs field, use this as the search anchor.
    #
    # Matches with $1 (process-name) occur if the first psarg is $1
    # or ends in /$1 ... the matching uses sed's regular expressions,
    # so passing a regex into $1 will work.

    ps $PS_ALL_FLAGS \
    | sed -n \
	-e 's/$/ /' \
	-e 's/[ 	][ 	]*/ /g' \
	-e 's/^ //' \
	-e 's/^[^ ]* //' \
	-e "/[0-9]:[0-9][0-9]  *[^ ]*\/$1 /s/ .*//p" \
	-e "/[0-9]:[0-9][0-9]  *$1 /s/ .*//p"
}

#
# _df_device : get an IRIX style df line for a given device
#
#       - returns "" if not mounted
#       - returns fs type in field two (ala IRIX)
#       - joins line together if split by fancy df formatting
#       - strips header etc
#

_df_device()
{
    if [ $# -ne 1 ]
    then
	echo "Usage: _df_device device" 1>&2
	exit 1
    fi

    # Note that we use "==" here so awk doesn't try to interpret an NFS over
    # IPv6 server as a regular expression.
    $DF_PROG 2>/dev/null | $AWK_PROG -v what=$1 '
        ($1==what) && (NF==1) {
            v=$1
            getline
            print v, $0
            exit
        }
        ($1==what) {
            print
            exit
        }
    '
}

#
# _df_dir : get an IRIX style df line for device where a directory resides
#
#       - returns fs type in field two (ala IRIX)
#       - joins line together if split by fancy df formatting
#       - strips header etc
#

_df_dir()
{
    if [ $# -ne 1 ]
    then
	echo "Usage: _df_dir device" 1>&2
	exit 1
    fi

    $DF_PROG $1 2>/dev/null | $AWK_PROG -v what=$1 '
        NR == 2 && NF==1 {
            v=$1
            getline
            print v, $0;
            exit 0
        }
        NR == 2 {
            print;
            exit 0
        }
        {}
    '
    # otherwise, nada
}

# return percentage used disk space for mounted device

_used()
{
    if [ $# -ne 1 ]
    then
	echo "Usage: _used device" 1>&2
	exit 1
    fi

    _df_device $1 | $AWK_PROG '{ sub("%", "") ; print $6 }'
}

# return the FS type of a mounted device
#
_fs_type()
{
    if [ $# -ne 1 ]
    then
	echo "Usage: _fs_type device" 1>&2
	exit 1
    fi

    #
    # The Linux kernel shows NFSv4 filesystems in df output as
    # filesystem type nfs4, although we mounted it as nfs earlier.
    # Fix the filesystem type up here so that the callers don't
    # have to bother with this quirk.
    #
    _df_device $1 | $AWK_PROG '{ print $2 }' | \
        sed -e 's/nfs4/nfs/' -e 's/fuse.glusterfs/glusterfs/'
}

# return the FS mount options of a mounted device
#
# should write a version which just parses the output of mount for IRIX
# compatibility, but since this isn't used at all, at the moment I'll leave
# this for now
#
_fs_options()
{
    if [ $# -ne 1 ]
    then
	echo "Usage: _fs_options device" 1>&2
	exit 1
    fi

    $AWK_PROG -v dev=$1 '
        match($1,dev) { print $4 }
    ' </proc/mounts
}

# returns device number if a file is a block device
#
_is_block_dev()
{
    if [ $# -ne 1 ]
    then
	echo "Usage: _is_block_dev dev" 1>&2
	exit 1
    fi

    local dev=$1
    if [ -L "$dev" ]; then
        dev=`readlink -f "$dev"`
    fi

    if [ -b "$dev" ]; then
        $here/src/lstat64 "$dev" | $AWK_PROG '/Device type:/ { print $9 }'
    fi
}

# returns device number if a file is a character device
#
_is_char_dev()
{
	if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then
		echo "Usage: _is_char_dev dev" 1>&2
		exit 1
	fi

	local dev=$1
	if [ -L "$dev" ]; then
		dev=`readlink -f "$dev"`
	fi

	if [ -c "$dev" ]; then
		$here/src/lstat64 "$dev" | $AWK_PROG '/Device type:/ { print $9 }'
	fi
}

# Do a command, log it to $seqres.full, optionally test return status
# and die if command fails. If called with one argument _do executes the
# command, logs it, and returns its exit status. With two arguments _do
# first prints the message passed in the first argument, and then "done"
# or "fail" depending on the return status of the command passed in the
# second argument. If the command fails and the variable _do_die_on_error
# is set to "always" or the two argument form is used and _do_die_on_error
# is set to "message_only" _do will print an error message to
# $seqres.out and exit.

_do()
{
    if [ $# -eq 1 ]; then
	local cmd=$1
    elif [ $# -eq 2 ]; then
	local note=$1
	local cmd=$2
	echo -n "$note... "
    else
	echo "Usage: _do [note] cmd" 1>&2
	status=1; exit
    fi

    (eval "echo '---' \"$cmd\"") >>$seqres.full
    (eval "$cmd") >$tmp._out 2>&1
    local ret=$?
    cat $tmp._out >>$seqres.full
    rm -f $tmp._out
    if [ $# -eq 2 ]; then
	if [ $ret -eq 0 ]; then
	    echo "done"
	else
	    echo "fail"
	fi
    fi
    if [ $ret -ne 0  ] \
	&& [ "$_do_die_on_error" = "always" \
	    -o \( $# -eq 2 -a "$_do_die_on_error" = "message_only" \) ]
    then
	[ $# -ne 2 ] && echo
	eval "echo \"$cmd\" failed \(returned $ret\): see $seqres.full"
	status=1; exit
    fi

    return $ret
}

# bail out, setting up .notrun file. Need to kill the filesystem check files
# here, otherwise they are set incorrectly for the next test.
#
_notrun()
{
    echo "$*" > $seqres.notrun
    echo "$seq not run: $*"
    rm -f ${RESULT_DIR}/require_test*
    rm -f ${RESULT_DIR}/require_scratch*

    status=0
    exit
}

# just plain bail out
#
_fail()
{
    echo "$*" | tee -a $seqres.full
    echo "(see $seqres.full for details)"
    status=1
    exit 1
}

# tests whether $FSTYP is one of the supported filesystems for a test
#
_supported_fs()
{
    local f

    for f
    do
	if [ "$f" = "$FSTYP" -o "$f" = "generic" ]
	then
	    return
	fi
    done

    _notrun "not suitable for this filesystem type: $FSTYP"
}

# check if a FS on a device is mounted
# if so, verify that it is mounted on mount point
# if fstype is given as argument, verify that it is also
# mounted with correct fs type
#
_check_mounted_on()
{
	local devname=$1
	local dev=$2
	local mntname=$3
	local mnt=$4
	local type=$5

	# find $dev as the source, and print result in "$dev $mnt" format
	local mount_rec=`findmnt -rncv -S $dev -o SOURCE,TARGET`
	[ -n "$mount_rec" ] || return 1 # 1 = not mounted

	# if it's mounted, make sure its on $mnt
	if [ "$mount_rec" != "$dev $mnt" ]; then
		echo "$devname=$dev is mounted but not on $mntname=$mnt - aborting"
		echo "Already mounted result:"
		echo $mount_rec
		return 2 # 2 = mounted on wrong mnt
	fi

	if [ -n "$type" -a "`_fs_type $dev`" != "$type" ]; then
		echo "$devname=$dev is mounted but not a type $type filesystem"
		# raw $DF_PROG cannot handle NFS/CIFS/overlay correctly
		_df_device $dev
		return 3 # 3 = mounted as wrong type
	fi
	return 0 # 0 = mounted as expected
}

# this test needs a scratch partition - check we're ok & unmount it
# No post-test check of the device is required. e.g. the test intentionally
# finishes the test with the filesystem in a corrupt state
_require_scratch_nocheck()
{
    case "$FSTYP" in
	glusterfs)
		echo $SCRATCH_DEV | egrep -q ":/?" > /dev/null 2>&1
		if [ -z "$SCRATCH_DEV" -o "$?" != "0" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires a valid \$SCRATCH_DEV"
		fi
		if [ ! -d "$SCRATCH_MNT" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires a valid \$SCRATCH_MNT"
		fi
		;;
	9p|virtiofs)
		if [ -z "$SCRATCH_DEV" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires a valid \$SCRATCH_DEV"
		fi
		if [ ! -d "$SCRATCH_MNT" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires a valid \$SCRATCH_MNT"
		fi
		;;
	nfs*)
		echo $SCRATCH_DEV | grep -q ":/" > /dev/null 2>&1
		if [ -z "$SCRATCH_DEV" -o "$?" != "0" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires a valid \$SCRATCH_DEV"
		fi
		if [ ! -d "$SCRATCH_MNT" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires a valid \$SCRATCH_MNT"
		fi
		;;
	ceph)
		echo $SCRATCH_DEV | grep -qE "=/|:/" > /dev/null 2>&1
		if [ -z "$SCRATCH_DEV" -o "$?" != "0" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires a valid \$SCRATCH_DEV"
		fi
		if [ ! -d "$SCRATCH_MNT" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires a valid \$SCRATCH_MNT"
		fi
		;;
	pvfs2)
		echo $SCRATCH_DEV | grep -q "://" > /dev/null 2>&1
		if [ -z "$SCRATCH_DEV" -o "$?" != "0" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires a valid \$SCRATCH_DEV"
		fi
		if [ ! -d "$SCRATCH_MNT" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires a valid \$SCRATCH_MNT"
		fi
		;;
	cifs)
		echo $SCRATCH_DEV | grep -q "//" > /dev/null 2>&1
		if [ -z "$SCRATCH_DEV" -o "$?" != "0" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires a valid \$SCRATCH_DEV"
		fi
		if [ ! -d "$SCRATCH_MNT" ]; then
		     _notrun "this test requires a valid \$SCRATCH_MNT"
		fi
		;;
	overlay)
		if [ -z "$OVL_BASE_SCRATCH_MNT" -o ! -d "$OVL_BASE_SCRATCH_MNT" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires a valid \$OVL_BASE_SCRATCH_MNT as ovl base dir"
		fi
		# if $SCRATCH_MNT is derived from $OVL_BASE_SCRATCH_MNT then
		# don't check $SCRATCH_MNT dir here because base fs may not be mounted
		# and we will create the mount point anyway on _overlay_mount
		if [ "$SCRATCH_MNT" != "$OVL_BASE_SCRATCH_MNT/$OVL_MNT" -a ! -d "$SCRATCH_MNT" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires a valid \$SCRATCH_MNT"
		fi
		;;
	tmpfs)
		if [ -z "$SCRATCH_DEV" -o ! -d "$SCRATCH_MNT" ];
		then
		    _notrun "this test requires a valid \$SCRATCH_MNT and unique \$SCRATCH_DEV"
		fi
		;;
	ubifs)
		# ubifs needs an UBI volume. This will be a char device, not a block device.
		if [ ! -c "$SCRATCH_DEV" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires a valid UBI volume for \$SCRATCH_DEV"
		fi
		if [ ! -d "$SCRATCH_MNT" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires a valid \$SCRATCH_MNT"
		fi
		;;
	*)
		 if [ -z "$SCRATCH_DEV" -o "`_is_block_dev "$SCRATCH_DEV"`" = "" ]
		 then
		     _notrun "this test requires a valid \$SCRATCH_DEV"
		 fi
		 if [ "`_is_block_dev "$SCRATCH_DEV"`" = "`_is_block_dev "$TEST_DEV"`" ]
		 then
		     _notrun "this test requires a valid \$SCRATCH_DEV"
		 fi
		if [ ! -d "$SCRATCH_MNT" ]
		then
		     _notrun "this test requires a valid \$SCRATCH_MNT"
		fi
		 ;;
    esac

    _check_mounted_on SCRATCH_DEV $SCRATCH_DEV SCRATCH_MNT $SCRATCH_MNT
    local err=$?
    [ $err -le 1 ] || exit 1
    if [ $err -eq 0 ]
    then
        # if it's mounted, unmount it
        if ! _scratch_unmount
        then
            echo "failed to unmount $SCRATCH_DEV"
            exit 1
        fi
    fi
    rm -f ${RESULT_DIR}/require_scratch
}

# we need the scratch device and it needs to not be an lvm device
_require_scratch_nolvm()
{
	_require_scratch_nocheck

	# This works if we don't have LVM, all we want is to skip if the scratch
	# device is an lvm device.
	$LVM_PROG lvdisplay $SCRATCH_DEV > /dev/null 2>&1
	[ $? -eq 0 ] && _notrun "test requires a non-lvm scratch device"
}

_require_no_compress()
{
	case "$FSTYP" in
	btrfs)
		_require_btrfs_no_compress
		;;
	*)
		;;
	esac
}

# we need the scratch device and it should be checked post test.
_require_scratch()
{
	_require_scratch_nocheck
	touch ${RESULT_DIR}/require_scratch
}

# require a scratch dev of a minimum size (in kb)
_require_scratch_size()
{
	[ $# -eq 1 ] || _fail "_require_scratch_size: expected size param"

	_require_scratch
	local devsize=`_get_device_size $SCRATCH_DEV`
	[ $devsize -lt $1 ] && _notrun "scratch dev too small"
}

# require a scratch dev of a minimum size (in kb) and should not be checked
# post test
_require_scratch_size_nocheck()
{
	[ $# -eq 1 ] || _fail "_require_scratch_size: expected size param"

	_require_scratch_nocheck
	local devsize=`_get_device_size $SCRATCH_DEV`
	[ $devsize -lt $1 ] && _notrun "scratch dev too small"
}

# Require scratch fs which supports >16T of filesystem size.
# _require_scratch must be called before this function is called.
_require_scratch_16T_support()
{
	case $FSTYP in
	ext2|ext3|f2fs)
		_notrun "$FSTYP doesn't support >16T filesystem"
		;;
	ext4)
		_scratch_mkfs >> $seqres.full 2>&1
		_scratch_mount
		local blocksize=$(_get_block_size $SCRATCH_MNT)
		if [ $blocksize -lt 4096 ]; then
			_notrun "This test requires >16T fs support"
		fi
		_scratch_unmount
		;;
	*)
		;;
	esac
}

# Require scratch fs supports delay allocation.
_require_scratch_delalloc()
{
	_require_command "$FILEFRAG_PROG" filefrag

	_scratch_mkfs > $seqres.full
	_scratch_mount
	$XFS_IO_PROG -f -c 'pwrite 0 64k' $SCRATCH_MNT/testy &> /dev/null
	$FILEFRAG_PROG -v $SCRATCH_MNT/testy 2>&1 | grep -q delalloc || \
		_notrun "test requires delayed allocation buffered writes"
	_scratch_unmount
}

# this test needs a test partition - check we're ok & mount it
#
_require_test()
{
    case "$FSTYP" in
	glusterfs)
		echo $TEST_DEV | egrep -q ":/?" > /dev/null 2>&1
		if [ -z "$TEST_DEV" -o "$?" != "0" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires a valid \$TEST_DEV"
		fi
		if [ ! -d "$TEST_DIR" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires a valid \$TEST_DIR"
		fi
		;;
	9p|virtiofs)
		if [ -z "$TEST_DEV" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires a valid \$TEST_DEV"
		fi
		if [ ! -d "$TEST_DIR" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires a valid \$TEST_DIR"
		fi
		;;
	nfs*)
		echo $TEST_DEV | grep -q ":/" > /dev/null 2>&1
		if [ -z "$TEST_DEV" -o "$?" != "0" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires a valid \$TEST_DEV"
		fi
		if [ ! -d "$TEST_DIR" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires a valid \$TEST_DIR"
		fi
		;;
	ceph)
		echo $TEST_DEV | grep -qE "=/|:/" > /dev/null 2>&1
		if [ -z "$TEST_DEV" -o "$?" != "0" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires a valid \$TEST_DEV"
		fi
		if [ ! -d "$TEST_DIR" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires a valid \$TEST_DIR"
		fi
		;;
	cifs)
		echo $TEST_DEV | grep -q "//" > /dev/null 2>&1
		if [ -z "$TEST_DEV" -o "$?" != "0" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires a valid \$TEST_DEV"
		fi
		if [ ! -d "$TEST_DIR" ]; then
		     _notrun "this test requires a valid \$TEST_DIR"
		fi
		;;
	pvfs2)
		echo $TEST_DEV | grep -q "://" > /dev/null 2>&1
		if [ -z "$TEST_DEV" -o "$?" != "0" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires a valid \$TEST_DIR"
		fi
		if [ ! -d "$TEST_DIR" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires a valid \$TEST_DIR"
		fi
		;;
	overlay)
		if [ -z "$OVL_BASE_TEST_DIR" -o ! -d "$OVL_BASE_TEST_DIR" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires a valid \$TEST_DIR as ovl base dir"
		fi
		if [ ! -d "$TEST_DIR" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires a valid \$TEST_DIR"
		fi
		;;
	tmpfs)
		if [ -z "$TEST_DEV" -o ! -d "$TEST_DIR" ];
		then
		    _notrun "this test requires a valid \$TEST_DIR and unique $TEST_DEV"
		fi
		;;
	ubifs)
		# ubifs needs an UBI volume. This will be a char device, not a block device.
		if [ ! -c "$TEST_DEV" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires a valid UBI volume for \$TEST_DEV"
		fi
		if [ ! -d "$TEST_DIR" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires a valid \$TEST_DIR"
		fi
		;;
	*)
		 if [ -z "$TEST_DEV" ] || [ "`_is_block_dev "$TEST_DEV"`" = "" ]
		 then
		     _notrun "this test requires a valid \$TEST_DEV"
		 fi
		 if [ "`_is_block_dev "$SCRATCH_DEV"`" = "`_is_block_dev "$TEST_DEV"`" ]
		 then
		     _notrun "this test requires a valid \$TEST_DEV"
		 fi
		if [ ! -d "$TEST_DIR" ]
		then
		     _notrun "this test requires a valid \$TEST_DIR"
		fi
		 ;;
    esac

    _check_mounted_on TEST_DEV $TEST_DEV TEST_DIR $TEST_DIR
    local err=$?
    [ $err -le 1 ] || exit 1
    if [ $err -ne 0 ]
    then
	if ! _test_mount
	then
		echo "!!! failed to mount $TEST_DEV on $TEST_DIR"
		exit 1
	fi
    fi
    touch ${RESULT_DIR}/require_test
}

_has_logdev()
{
	local ret=0
	[ -z "$SCRATCH_LOGDEV" -o ! -b "$SCRATCH_LOGDEV" ] && ret=1
	[ "$USE_EXTERNAL" != yes ] && ret=1

	return $ret
}

# this test needs a logdev
#
_require_logdev()
{
    [ -z "$SCRATCH_LOGDEV" -o ! -b "$SCRATCH_LOGDEV" ] && \
        _notrun "This test requires a valid \$SCRATCH_LOGDEV"
    [ "$USE_EXTERNAL" != yes ] && \
        _notrun "This test requires USE_EXTERNAL to be enabled"

    # ensure its not mounted
    $UMOUNT_PROG $SCRATCH_LOGDEV 2>/dev/null
}

# this test requires loopback device support
#
_require_loop()
{
    modprobe loop >/dev/null 2>&1
    if grep loop /proc/devices >/dev/null 2>&1
    then
	:
    else
	_notrun "This test requires loopback device support"
    fi

    # loop device does not handle zone information
    _require_non_zoned_device ${TEST_DEV}
}

# this test requires kernel support for a secondary filesystem
#
_require_extra_fs()
{
	modprobe "$1" >/dev/null 2>&1
	grep -q -w "$1" /proc/filesystems ||
		_notrun "this test requires $1 support"
}

# this test requires that (large) loopback device files are not in use
#
_require_no_large_scratch_dev()
{
    [ "$LARGE_SCRATCH_DEV" = yes ] && \
	_notrun "Large filesystem testing in progress, skipped this test"
}

# this test requires that a realtime subvolume is in use, and
# that the kernel supports realtime as well.
#
_require_realtime()
{
    [ "$USE_EXTERNAL" = yes ] || \
	_notrun "External volumes not in use, skipped this test"
    [ "$SCRATCH_RTDEV" = "" ] && \
	_notrun "Realtime device required, skipped this test"
}

# This test requires that a realtime subvolume is not in use
#
_require_no_realtime()
{
	[ "$USE_EXTERNAL" = "yes" ] && [ -n "$SCRATCH_RTDEV" ] && \
		_notrun "Test not compatible with realtime subvolumes, skipped this test"
}

# this test requires that a specified command (executable) exists
# $1 - command, $2 - name for error message
#
# Note: the command string might have parameters, so strip them before checking
# whether it is executable.
_require_command()
{
	if [ $# -eq 2 ]; then
		local name="$2"
	elif [ $# -eq 1 ]; then
		local name="$1"
	else
		_fail "usage: _require_command <command> [<name>]"
	fi

	local command=`echo "$1" | awk '{ print $1 }'`
	if [ ! -x "$command" ]; then
		_notrun "$name utility required, skipped this test"
	fi
}

# this test requires the device to be valid block device
# $1 - device
_require_block_device()
{
	if [ -z "$1" ]; then
		echo "Usage: _require_block_device <dev>" 1>&2
		exit 1
	fi
	if [ "`_is_block_dev "$1"`" == "" ]; then
		_notrun "require $1 to be valid block disk"
	fi
}

# this test requires a path to refere to a local block or character device
# $1 - device
_require_local_device()
{
	if [ -z "$1" ]; then
		echo "Usage: _require_local_device <dev>" 1>&2
		exit 1
	fi
	if [ "`_is_block_dev "$1"`" != "" ]; then
		return 0
	fi
	if [ "`_is_char_dev "$1"`" != "" ]; then
		return 0
	fi
	_notrun "require $1 to be local device"
}

# brd based ram disks erase the device when they receive a flush command when no
# active references are present. This causes problems for DM devices sitting on
# top of brd devices as DM doesn't hold active references to the brd device.
_require_sane_bdev_flush()
{
	echo $1 | grep -q "^/dev/ram[0-9]\+$"
	if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
		_notrun "This test requires a sane block device flush"
	fi
}

# Decide if the scratch filesystem is likely to be mounted in fsdax mode.
# It goes 3 ways based on mount options::
#	1. "dax" or "dax=always" means always test using DAX
#	2. "dax=never" means we'll never use DAX
#	3. "dax=inode" or nothing means "use scratch dev capability" to
#	    determine whether DAX is going to be used.
#
# Returns 0 if DAX will be used, 1 if DAX is not going to be used.
__scratch_uses_fsdax()
{
	local ops=$(_normalize_mount_options "$MOUNT_OPTIONS")

	echo $ops | egrep -qw "dax(=always| |$)" && return 0
	echo $ops | grep -qw "dax=never" && return 1

	local sysfs="/sys/block/$(_short_dev $SCRATCH_DEV)"
	test -e "${sysfs}/dax" && return 0
	test "$(cat "${sysfs}/queue/dax" 2>/dev/null)" = "1" && return 0
	return 1
}

# this test requires a specific device mapper target
_require_dm_target()
{
	local target=$1
	local fsdax
	local bdevdax

	# require SCRATCH_DEV to be a valid block device with sane BLKFLSBUF
	# behaviour
	_require_block_device $SCRATCH_DEV
	_require_sane_bdev_flush $SCRATCH_DEV
	_require_command "$DMSETUP_PROG" dmsetup

	if __scratch_uses_fsdax; then
		case $target in
		stripe|linear|log-writes)
			;;
		*)
			_notrun "Cannot run tests with DAX on $target devices."
			;;
		esac
	fi

	modprobe dm-$target >/dev/null 2>&1

	$DMSETUP_PROG targets 2>&1 | grep -q ^$target
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
		_notrun "This test requires dm $target support"
	fi

	# dm-error cannot handle the zone information
	#
	# dm-snapshot and dm-thin-pool cannot ensure sequential writes on
	# the backing device
	case $target in
	error|snapshot|thin-pool)
		_require_non_zoned_device ${SCRATCH_DEV}
		;;
	esac
}

_zone_type()
{
	local target=$1
	if [ -z $target ]; then
		echo "Usage: _zone_type <device>"
		exit 1
	fi
	local sdev=`_short_dev $target`

	if [ -e /sys/block/${sdev}/queue/zoned ]; then
		cat /sys/block/${sdev}/queue/zoned
	else
		echo none
	fi
}

_require_zoned_device()
{
	local target=$1
	if [ -z $target ]; then
		echo "Usage: _require_zoned_device <device>"
		exit 1
	fi

	local type=`_zone_type ${target}`
	if [ "${type}" = "none" ]; then
		_notrun "this test require zoned block device"
	fi
}

_require_non_zoned_device()
{
	local target=$1
	if [ -z $target ]; then
		echo "Usage: _require_non_zoned_device <device>"
		exit 1
	fi

	local type=`_zone_type ${target}`
	if [ "${type}" != "none" ]; then
		_notrun "this test require non-zoned block device"
	fi
}

# this test requires the ext4 kernel support crc feature on scratch device
#
_require_scratch_ext4_crc()
{
	_scratch_mkfs_ext4 >/dev/null 2>&1
	dumpe2fs -h $SCRATCH_DEV 2> /dev/null | grep -q metadata_csum || _notrun "metadata_csum not supported by this filesystem"
	_try_scratch_mount >/dev/null 2>&1 \
	   || _notrun "Kernel doesn't support metadata_csum feature"
	_scratch_unmount
}

# Check whether the specified feature whether it is supported by
# mkfs.ext4 and the kernel.
_require_scratch_ext4_feature()
{
    if [ -z "$1" ]; then
        echo "Usage: _require_scratch_ext4_feature feature"
        exit 1
    fi
    $MKFS_EXT4_PROG -F $MKFS_OPTIONS -O "$1" \
		    $SCRATCH_DEV 512m >/dev/null 2>&1 \
	|| _notrun "mkfs.ext4 doesn't support $1 feature"
    _try_scratch_mount >/dev/null 2>&1 \
	|| _notrun "Kernel doesn't support the ext4 feature(s): $1"
    _scratch_unmount
}

# this test requires that external log/realtime devices are not in use
#
_require_nonexternal()
{
    [ "$USE_EXTERNAL" = yes ] && \
	_notrun "External device testing in progress, skipped this test"
}

# this test requires that the kernel supports asynchronous I/O
_require_aio()
{
	$here/src/feature -A
	case $? in
	0)
		;;
	1)
		_notrun "kernel does not support asynchronous I/O"
		;;
	*)
		_fail "unexpected error testing for asynchronous I/O support"
		;;
	esac
}

# this test requires that a (specified) aio-dio executable exists
# and that the kernel supports asynchronous I/O.
# $1 - command (optional)
#
_require_aiodio()
{
    if [ -z "$1" ]
    then
        AIO_TEST=$here/src/aio-dio-regress/aiodio_sparse2
        [ -x $AIO_TEST ] || _notrun "aio-dio utilities required"
    else
        AIO_TEST=$here/src/aio-dio-regress/$1
        [ -x $AIO_TEST ] || _notrun "$AIO_TEST not built"
    fi
    _require_aio
    _require_odirect
}

# this test requires that the kernel supports IO_URING
_require_io_uring()
{
	$here/src/feature -R
	case $? in
	0)
		;;
	1)
		_notrun "kernel does not support IO_URING"
		;;
	*)
		_fail "unexpected error testing for IO_URING support"
		;;
	esac
}

# test whether the mount_setattr syscall is available
_require_mount_setattr()
{
	$here/src/feature -r
	case $? in
	0)
		;;
	1)
		_notrun "kernel does not support mount_setattr syscall"
		;;
	*)
		_fail "unexpected error testing for mount_setattr support"
		;;
	esac
}

# test whether idmapped mounts are supported
_require_idmapped_mounts()
{
        IDMAPPED_MOUNTS_TEST=$here/src/vfs/vfstest
        [ -x $IDMAPPED_MOUNTS_TEST ] || _notrun "vfstest utilities required"

	_require_mount_setattr

	$here/src/vfs/vfstest --idmapped-mounts-supported \
		--device "$TEST_DEV" \
		--mount "$TEST_DIR" \
		--fstype "$FSTYP"

	if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
		_notrun "vfstest not support by $FSTYP"
	fi
}

# this test requires that a test program exists under src/
# $1 - command (require)
#
_require_test_program()
{
    local prog=$here/src/$1
    [ -x $prog ] || _notrun "$prog not built"
}

# run an aio-dio program
# $1 - command
_run_aiodio()
{
    if [ -z "$1" ]
    then
        echo "usage: _run_aiodio command_name" 2>&1
        status=1; exit 1
    fi

    _require_aiodio $1

    local testtemp=$TEST_DIR/aio-testfile
    rm -f $testtemp
    $AIO_TEST $testtemp 2>&1
    status=$?
    rm -f $testtemp

    return $status
}

_require_timestamp_range()
{
	local device=${1:-$TEST_DEV}

	local tsmin tsmax
	read tsmin tsmax <<<$(_filesystem_timestamp_range $device)
	if [ $tsmin -eq -1 -a $tsmax -eq -1 ]; then
		_notrun "filesystem $FSTYP timestamp bounds are unknown"
	fi

	# expect console warning from rw scratch mount if fs limit is near
	if [ $tsmax -le $((1<<31)) ] && \
		! _check_dmesg_for "filesystem being mounted at .* supports timestamps until"
	then
		_notrun "Kernel does not support timestamp limits"
	fi
}

_filesystem_timestamp_range()
{
	local device=${1:-$TEST_DEV}
	local fstyp=${2:-$FSTYP}
	u32max=$(((1<<32)-1))
	s32min=-$((1<<31))
	s32max=$(((1<<31)-1))
	s64max=$(((1<<63)-1))
	s64min=$((1<<63))

	case $fstyp in
	ext2)
		echo "$s32min $s32max"
		;;
	ext3|ext4)
		if [ $(dumpe2fs -h $device 2>/dev/null | grep "Inode size:" | cut -d: -f2) -gt 128 ]; then
			printf "%d %d\n" $s32min 0x37fffffff
		else
			echo "$s32min $s32max"
		fi
		;;

	jfs)
		echo "0 $u32max"
		;;
	xfs)
		_xfs_timestamp_range "$device"
		;;
	btrfs)
		echo "$s64min $s64max"
		;;
	overlay)
		if [ ! -z $OVL_BASE_FSTYP -a $OVL_BASE_FSTYP != "overlay" ]; then
			_filesystem_timestamp_range $OVL_BASE_TEST_DEV $OVL_BASE_FSTYP
		else
			echo "-1 -1"
		fi
		;;
	*)
		echo "-1 -1"
		;;
	esac
}

# indicate whether YP/NIS is active or not
#
_yp_active()
{
	local dn
	dn=$(domainname 2>/dev/null)
	local ypcat=$(type -P ypcat)
	local rpcinfo=$(type -P rpcinfo)
	test -n "${dn}" -a "${dn}" != "(none)" -a "${dn}" != "localdomain" -a -n "${ypcat}" -a -n "${rpcinfo}" && \
		"${rpcinfo}" -p localhost 2>/dev/null | grep -q ypbind
	echo $?
}

# cat the password file
#
_cat_passwd()
{
	[ $(_yp_active) -eq 0 ] && ypcat passwd
	cat /etc/passwd
}

# cat the group file
#
_cat_group()
{
	[ $(_yp_active) -eq 0 ] && ypcat group
	cat /etc/group
}

# check if a user exists in the system
#
_require_user_exists()
{
	local user=$1
	_cat_passwd | grep -q "^$user:"
	[ "$?" == "0" ] || _notrun "$user user not defined."
}

# check if a user exists and is able to execute commands.
# Uses 'fsgqa' user as default.
#
_require_user()
{
	qa_user=fsgqa
	if [ -n "$1" ];then
		qa_user=$1
	fi
	_require_user_exists $qa_user
	echo /bin/true | su $qa_user
	[ "$?" == "0" ] || _notrun "$qa_user cannot execute commands."
}

# check for a chown support
#
_require_chown()
{
	local rnd_uid=4242
	local file="$TEST_DIR/chown_testfile"

	rm -f $file
	touch $file
	chown ${rnd_uid}:${rnd_uid} $file >/dev/null 2>&1 \
		|| _notrun "chown is not supported ${FSTYP}"
}


# check for a chmod support
# Since chmod sometimes fails silently actual functionality test is done
#
_require_chmod()
{
	local file="$TEST_DIR/chmod_testfile"

	rm -f $file
	touch $file

	# get original file mode
	local mode=`stat --format="0%a" $file`
	# flip the user's read bit
	let mode^=0400
	chmod `printf '%o' "$mode"` $file
	# check that the chmod actually flipped the bit
	[ `stat --format="0%a" $file` == `printf '0%o' "$mode"` ] \
		|| _notrun "chmod is not supported ${FSTYP}"
}

# check for a group on the machine, fsgqa as default
#
_require_group()
{
    qa_group=fsgqa
    if [ -n "$1" ];then
        qa_group=$1
    fi
    _cat_group | grep -q "^$qa_group:"
    [ "$?" == "0" ] || _notrun "$qa_group group not defined."
}

_filter_user_do()
{
        perl -ne "
s,.*Permission\sdenied.*,Permission denied,;
s,.*no\saccess\sto\stty.*,,;
s,.*no\sjob\scontrol\sin\sthis\sshell.*,,;
s,^\s*$,,;
        print;"
}

_user_do()
{
	echo $1 | su -s /bin/bash $qa_user 2>&1 | _filter_user_do
}

_require_xfs_io_command()
{
	if [ -z "$1" ]
	then
		echo "Usage: _require_xfs_io_command command [switch]" 1>&2
		exit 1
	fi
	local command=$1
	shift
	local param="$*"
	local param_checked=""
	local opts=""
	local attr_info=""

	local testfile=$TEST_DIR/$$.xfs_io
	local testio
	case $command in
	"lsattr")
		# Test xfs_io lsattr support and filesystem FS_IOC_FSSETXATTR
		# support.
		testio=`$XFS_IO_PROG -F -f -c "lsattr $param" $testfile 2>&1`
		param_checked="$param"
		;;
	"chattr")
		local testdir=$TEST_DIR/$$.attr_dir
		mkdir $TEST_DIR/$$.attr_dir
		if [ -z "$param" ]; then
			param=s
		fi
		# Test xfs_io chattr support AND
		# filesystem FS_IOC_FSSETXATTR support
		# 'tPnE' flags are only valid for a directory so check them on a directory.
		if echo "$param" | egrep -q 't|P|n|E'; then
			testio=`$XFS_IO_PROG -F -c "chattr +$param" $testdir 2>&1`
			attr_info=`$XFS_IO_PROG -F -r -c "lsattr" $testdir | awk '{print $1}'`
			$XFS_IO_PROG -F -r -c "chattr -$param" $testdir 2>&1
		else
			testio=`$XFS_IO_PROG -F -f -c "chattr +$param" $testfile 2>&1`
			attr_info=`$XFS_IO_PROG -F -r -c "lsattr" $testfile | awk '{print $1}'`
			$XFS_IO_PROG -F -r -c "chattr -$param" $testfile 2>&1
		fi
		param_checked="+$param"
		rm -rf $testdir 2>&1 > /dev/null
		;;
	"chproj")
		testio=`$XFS_IO_PROG -F -f -c "chproj 0" $testfile 2>&1`
		;;
	"copy_range")
		local testcopy=$TEST_DIR/$$.copy.xfs_io
		local copy_opts=$testfile
		if [ "$param" == "-f" ]; then
			# source file is the open destination file
			testcopy=$testfile
			copy_opts="0 -d 4k -l 4k"
		fi
		$XFS_IO_PROG -F -f -c "pwrite 0 4k" $testfile > /dev/null 2>&1
		testio=`$XFS_IO_PROG -F -f -c "copy_range $param $copy_opts" $testcopy 2>&1`
		rm -f $testcopy > /dev/null 2>&1
		param_checked="$param"
		;;
	"falloc"|"allocsp")
		testio=`$XFS_IO_PROG -F -f -c "$command $param 0 1m" $testfile 2>&1`
		param_checked="$param"
		;;
	"fpunch" | "fcollapse" | "zero" | "fzero" | "finsert" | "funshare")
		local blocksize=$(_get_block_size $TEST_DIR)
		testio=`$XFS_IO_PROG -F -f -c "pwrite 0 $((5 * $blocksize))" \
			-c "fsync" -c "$command $blocksize $((2 * $blocksize))" \
			$testfile 2>&1`
		;;
	"fiemap")
		# If 'ranged' is passed as argument then we check to see if fiemap supports
		# ranged query params
		if echo "$param" | grep -q "ranged"; then
			param=$(echo "$param" | sed "s/ranged//")
			$XFS_IO_PROG -c "help fiemap" | grep -q "\[offset \[len\]\]"
			[ $? -eq 0 ] || _notrun "xfs_io $command ranged support is missing"
		fi
		testio=`$XFS_IO_PROG -F -f -c "pwrite 0 20k" -c "fsync" \
			-c "fiemap -v $param" $testfile 2>&1`
		param_checked="$param"
		;;
	"flink")
		local testlink=$TEST_DIR/$$.link.xfs_io
		testio=`$XFS_IO_PROG -F -f -c "flink $testlink" $testfile 2>&1`
		rm -f $testlink > /dev/null 2>&1
		;;
	"-T")
		# Check O_TMPFILE support in xfs_io, kernel and fs
		testio=`$XFS_IO_PROG -T -c quit $TEST_DIR 2>&1`
		echo $testio | egrep -q "invalid option|Is a directory" && \
			_notrun "xfs_io $command support is missing"
		echo $testio | grep -q "Operation not supported" && \
			_notrun "O_TMPFILE is not supported"
		;;
	"fsmap")
		testio=`$XFS_IO_PROG -f -c "fsmap" $testfile 2>&1`
		echo $testio | grep -q "Inappropriate ioctl" && \
			_notrun "xfs_io $command support is missing"
		;;
	"label")
		testio=`$XFS_IO_PROG -c "label" $TEST_DIR 2>&1`
		;;
	"open")
		# -c "open $f" is broken in xfs_io <= 4.8. Along with the fix,
		# a new -C flag was introduced to execute one shot commands.
		# Check for -C flag support as an indication for the bug fix.
		testio=`$XFS_IO_PROG -F -f -C "open $testfile" $testfile 2>&1`
		echo $testio | grep -q "invalid option" && \
			_notrun "xfs_io $command support is missing"
		;;
	"pwrite")
		# -N (RWF_NOWAIT) only works with direct vectored I/O writes
		local pwrite_opts=" "
		if [ "$param" == "-N" ]; then
			opts+=" -d"
			pwrite_opts+="-V 1 -b 4k"
		fi
		testio=`$XFS_IO_PROG -f $opts -c \
		        "pwrite $pwrite_opts $param 0 4k" $testfile 2>&1`
		param_checked="$pwrite_opts $param"
		;;
	"scrub"|"repair")
		testio=`$XFS_IO_PROG -x -c "$command probe" $TEST_DIR 2>&1`
		echo $testio | grep -q "Inappropriate ioctl" && \
			_notrun "xfs_io $command support is missing"
		;;
	"utimes" )
		testio=`$XFS_IO_PROG -f -c "utimes 0 0 0 0" $testfile 2>&1`
		;;
	"syncfs")
		touch $testfile
		testio=`$XFS_IO_PROG -c "syncfs" $testfile 2>&1`
		;;
	*)
		testio=`$XFS_IO_PROG -c "help $command" 2>&1`
	esac

	rm -f $testfile 2>&1 > /dev/null
	echo $testio | grep -q "not found" && \
		_notrun "xfs_io $command $param_checked support is missing"
	echo $testio | grep -q "Operation not supported\|Inappropriate ioctl" && \
		_notrun "xfs_io $command $param_checked failed (old kernel/wrong fs?)"
	echo $testio | grep -q "Invalid" && \
		_notrun "xfs_io $command $param_checked failed (old kernel/wrong fs/bad args?)"
	echo $testio | grep -q "foreign file active" && \
		_notrun "xfs_io $command $param_checked not supported on $FSTYP"
	echo $testio | grep -q "Function not implemented" && \
		_notrun "xfs_io $command $param_checked support is missing (missing syscall?)"
	echo $testio | grep -q "unknown flag" && \
		_notrun "xfs_io $command $param_checked support is missing (unknown flag)"

	[ -n "$param" ] || return

	if [ -z "$param_checked" ]; then
		$XFS_IO_PROG -c "help $command" | grep -E -q "^ $param ([a-zA-Z_]+ )?--" || \
			_notrun "xfs_io $command doesn't support $param"
	else
		# xfs_io could result in "command %c not supported" if it was
		# built on kernels not supporting pwritev2() calls
		echo $testio | grep -q "\(invalid option\|not supported\)" && \
			_notrun "xfs_io $command doesn't support $param"
	fi

	# On XFS, ioctl(FSSETXATTR)(called by xfs_io -c "chattr") maskes off unsupported
	# or invalid flags silently so need to check these flags by extra ioctl(FSGETXATTR)
	# (called by xfs_io -c "lsattr").
	# The following URL explains why we don't change the behavior of XFS.
	# https://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-xfs/msg44725.html
	if [ -n "$attr_info" -a "$FSTYP" = "xfs" ]; then
		local num=${#param}
		for i in $(seq 0 $((num-1))); do
			echo $attr_info | grep -q "${param:$i:1}" || \
				_notrun "xfs_io $command +${param:$i:1} support is missing (unknown flag in kernel)"
		done
	fi
}

# check that kernel and filesystem support direct I/O
_require_odirect()
{
	if [ $FSTYP = "ext4" ] || [ $FSTYP = "f2fs" ] ; then
		if echo "$MOUNT_OPTIONS" | grep -q "test_dummy_encryption"; then
			_notrun "$FSTYP encryption doesn't support O_DIRECT"
		fi
	fi
	if [ $FSTYP = "ext4" ] ; then
		if echo "$MOUNT_OPTIONS" | grep -q "data=journal"; then
			_notrun "ext4 data journaling doesn't support O_DIRECT"
		fi
	fi
	local testfile=$TEST_DIR/$$.direct
	$XFS_IO_PROG -F -f -d -c "pwrite 0 20k" $testfile > /dev/null 2>&1
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
		_notrun "O_DIRECT is not supported"
	fi
	rm -f $testfile 2>&1 > /dev/null
}

# Format a swapfile and return its size in bytes
_format_swapfile() {
	local fname="$1"
	local sz="$2"
	local swap_log=""

	rm -f "$fname"
	touch "$fname"
	chmod 0600 "$fname"
	# Swap files must be nocow on Btrfs.
	$CHATTR_PROG +C "$fname" > /dev/null 2>&1
	_pwrite_byte 0x61 0 "$sz" "$fname" >> $seqres.full
	# Ignore permission complaints on filesystems that don't support perms
	swap_log=$($MKSWAP_PROG "$fname" 2>&1 | grep -v "insecure permission")
	echo $swap_log >> $seqres.full

	echo $swap_log | grep -oP '\w+(?= bytes)'
}

_swapon_file() {
	local fname="$1"

	# Ignore permission complaints on filesystems that don't support perms
	$(swapon "$fname" 2> >(grep -v "insecure permissions" >&2))
}

# Check that the filesystem supports swapfiles
_require_scratch_swapfile()
{
	_require_scratch
	_require_command "$MKSWAP_PROG" "mkswap"

	_scratch_mkfs >/dev/null 2>&1

	# With mounting SELinux context(e.g. system_u:object_r:root_t:s0),
	# standard mkswap tried to reset the type of default context to
	# swapfile_t if it's not swapfile_t, and then it failed and returned
	# ENOTSUP expectedly as we don't want to create any SELinux attr on
	# purpose.  standard mkswap ignored this relabel error by commit
	# d97dc0e of util-linux, but it still reported the error before
	# commit d97dc0e.  We mount swapfile context directly to skip the
	# reset step.
	[ -n "$SELINUX_MOUNT_OPTIONS" ] && export \
		SELINUX_MOUNT_OPTIONS="-o context=system_u:object_r:swapfile_t:s0"

	_scratch_mount

	# Minimum size for mkswap is 10 pages
	_format_swapfile "$SCRATCH_MNT/swap" $(($(get_page_size) * 10)) > /dev/null

	# ext* has supported all variants of swap files since their
	# introduction, so swapon should not fail.
	case "$FSTYP" in
	ext2|ext3|ext4)
		if ! swapon "$SCRATCH_MNT/swap" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
			if _check_s_dax "$SCRATCH_MNT/swap" 1 >/dev/null; then
				_scratch_unmount
				_notrun "swapfiles are not supported"
			else
				_scratch_unmount
				_fail "swapon failed for $FSTYP"
			fi
		fi
		;;
	*)
		if ! swapon "$SCRATCH_MNT/swap" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
			_scratch_unmount
			_notrun "swapfiles are not supported"
		fi
		;;
	esac

	swapoff "$SCRATCH_MNT/swap" >/dev/null 2>&1
	_scratch_unmount
}

# Check that a fs has enough free space (in 1024b blocks)
#
_require_fs_space()
{
	local mnt=$1
	local blocks=$2	# in units of 1024
	local gb=$(( blocks / 1024 / 1024 ))

	local free_blocks=`df -kP $mnt | grep -v Filesystem | awk '{print $4}'`
	[ $free_blocks -lt $blocks ] && \
		_notrun "This test requires at least ${gb}GB free on $mnt to run"
}

#
# Check if the filesystem supports sparse files.
#
# Unfortunately there is no better way to do this than a manual black list.
#
_require_sparse_files()
{
    case $FSTYP in
    hfsplus|exfat)
        _notrun "Sparse files not supported by this filesystem type: $FSTYP"
	;;
    *)
        ;;
    esac
}

_require_debugfs()
{
    #boot_params always present in debugfs
    [ -d "$DEBUGFS_MNT/boot_params" ] || _notrun "Debugfs not mounted"
}

_require_fail_make_request()
{
    [ -f "$DEBUGFS_MNT/fail_make_request/probability" ] \
	|| _notrun "$DEBUGFS_MNT/fail_make_request \
 not found. Seems that CONFIG_FAULT_INJECTION_DEBUG_FS kernel config option not enabled"
}

# Disable extent zeroing for ext4 on the given device
_ext4_disable_extent_zeroout()
{
	local dev=${1:-$TEST_DEV}
	local sdev=`_short_dev $dev`

	[ -f /sys/fs/ext4/$sdev/extent_max_zeroout_kb ] && \
		echo 0 >/sys/fs/ext4/$sdev/extent_max_zeroout_kb
}

# The default behavior of SEEK_HOLE is to always return EOF.
# Filesystems that implement non-default behavior return the offset
# of holes with SEEK_HOLE. There is no way to query the filesystem
# of which behavior it is implementing.
# We use this whitelist FSTYP, to set expectation and avoid silent
# regression of filesystem seek hole behavior.
#
# Return 0 for true
_fstyp_has_non_default_seek_data_hole()
{
	if [ -z $1 ]; then
		local fstyp=$FSTYP
	else
		local fstyp=$1
	fi

	case "$fstyp" in
	btrfs|ext4|xfs|cifs|f2fs|gfs2|ocfs2|tmpfs)
		return 0
		;;
	nfs*)
		# NFSv2, NFSv3, and NFSv4.0/4.1 only support default behavior of SEEK_HOLE,
		# while NFSv4.2 supports non-default behavior
		local nfsvers=`_mount() | grep $TEST_DEV | sed -n 's/^.*vers=\([0-9.]*\).*$/\1/p'`
		[ "$nfsvers" = "4.2" ]
		return $?
		;;
	overlay)
		if [ ! -z $OVL_BASE_FSTYP -a $OVL_BASE_FSTYP != "overlay" ]; then
			_fstyp_has_non_default_seek_data_hole $OVL_BASE_FSTYP
			return $?
		else
			# Assume that base fs has default behavior
			return 1
		fi
		;;
	*)
		# by default fstyp has default SEEK_HOLE behavior;
		# if your fs has non-default behavior, add it to whitelist above!
		return 1
		;;
	esac
}

# Run seek sanity test with predefined expectation for SEEK_DATA/HOLE behavior
_run_seek_sanity_test()
{
	local testseekargs
	if _fstyp_has_non_default_seek_data_hole; then
		testseekargs+="-f"
	fi
	$here/src/seek_sanity_test $testseekargs $*
}

# Check if the file system supports seek_data/hole
_require_seek_data_hole()
{
	local dev=${1:-$TEST_DEV}
	local testfile=$TEST_DIR/$$.seek
	local testseek=`$here/src/seek_sanity_test -t $testfile 2>&1`

	rm -f $testfile &>/dev/null
	echo $testseek | grep -q "Kernel does not support" && \
		_notrun "File system does not support llseek(2) SEEK_DATA/HOLE"
	# Disable extent zeroing for ext4 as that change where holes are
	# created
	if [ "$FSTYP" = "ext4" ]; then
		_ext4_disable_extent_zeroout $dev
	fi
}

_require_runas()
{
	_require_test_program "runas"
}

_runas()
{
	"$here/src/runas" "$@"
}

_require_richacl_prog()
{
	_require_command "$GETRICHACL_PROG" getrichacl
	_require_command "$SETRICHACL_PROG" setrichacl
}

_require_scratch_richacl_xfs()
{
	_scratch_mkfs_xfs_supported -m richacl=1 >/dev/null 2>&1 \
		|| _notrun "mkfs.xfs doesn't have richacl feature"
	_scratch_mkfs_xfs -m richacl=1 >/dev/null 2>&1
	_try_scratch_mount >/dev/null 2>&1 \
		|| _notrun "kernel doesn't support richacl feature on $FSTYP"
	_scratch_unmount
}

_require_scratch_richacl_ext4()
{
	_scratch_mkfs -O richacl >/dev/null 2>&1 \
		|| _notrun "can't mkfs $FSTYP with option -O richacl"
	_try_scratch_mount >/dev/null 2>&1 \
		|| _notrun "kernel doesn't support richacl feature on $FSTYP"
	_scratch_unmount
}

_require_scratch_richacl_support()
{
	_scratch_mount
	$GETFATTR_PROG -n system.richacl >/dev/null 2>&1 \
		|| _notrun "this test requires richacl support on \$SCRATCH_DEV"
	_scratch_unmount
}

_require_scratch_richacl()
{
	case "$FSTYP" in
	xfs)    _require_scratch_richacl_xfs
		;;
	ext4)   _require_scratch_richacl_ext4
		;;
	nfs*|cifs|overlay)
		_require_scratch_richacl_support
		;;
	*)      _notrun "this test requires richacl support on \$SCRATCH_DEV"
		;;
	esac
}

_scratch_mkfs_richacl()
{
	case "$FSTYP" in
	xfs)    _scratch_mkfs_xfs -m richacl=1
		;;
	ext4)   _scratch_mkfs -O richacl
		;;
	nfs*|cifs|overlay)
		_scratch_mkfs
		;;
	esac
}

# check if the given device is mounted, if so, return mount point
_is_dev_mounted()
{
	local dev=$1
	local fstype=${2:-$FSTYP}

	if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then
		echo "Usage: _is_dev_mounted <device> [fstype]" 1>&2
		exit 1
	fi

	findmnt -rncv -S $dev -t $fstype -o TARGET | head -1
}

# check if the given dir is a mount point, if so, return mount point
_is_dir_mountpoint()
{
	local dir=$1
	local fstype=${2:-$FSTYP}

	if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then
		echo "Uasge: _is_dir_mountpoint <dir> [fstype]" 1>&2
		exit 1
	fi

	findmnt -rncv -t $fstype -o TARGET $dir | head -1
}

# remount a FS to a new mode (ro or rw)
#
_remount()
{
    if [ $# -ne 2 ]
    then
	echo "Usage: _remount device ro/rw" 1>&2
	exit 1
    fi
    local device=$1
    local mode=$2

    if ! mount -o remount,$mode $device
    then
        echo "_remount: failed to remount filesystem on $device as $mode"
        exit 1
    fi
}

# Run the appropriate repair/check on a filesystem
#
# if the filesystem is mounted, it's either remounted ro before being
# checked or it's unmounted and then remounted
#

# If set, we remount ro instead of unmounting for fsck
USE_REMOUNT=0

_umount_or_remount_ro()
{
    if [ $# -ne 1 ]
    then
	echo "Usage: _umount_or_remount_ro <device>" 1>&2
	exit 1
    fi

    local device=$1
    local mountpoint=`_is_dev_mounted $device`

    if [ $USE_REMOUNT -eq 0 ]; then
        $UMOUNT_PROG $device
    else
        _remount $device ro
    fi
    echo "$mountpoint"
}

_mount_or_remount_rw()
{
	if [ $# -ne 3 ]; then
		echo "Usage: _mount_or_remount_rw <opts> <dev> <mnt>" 1>&2
		exit 1
	fi
	local mount_opts=$1
	local device=$2
	local mountpoint=$3

	if [ $USE_REMOUNT -eq 0 ]; then
		if [ "$FSTYP" != "overlay" ]; then
			_mount -t $FSTYP $mount_opts $device $mountpoint
			_idmapped_mount $device $mountpoint
		else
			_overlay_mount $device $mountpoint
		fi
		if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
			_dump_err "!!! failed to remount $device on $mountpoint"
			return 0 # ok=0
		fi
	else
		_remount $device rw
	fi

	return 1 # ok=1
}

# Check a generic filesystem in no-op mode; this assumes that the
# underlying fsck program accepts "-n" for a no-op (check-only) run,
# and that it will still return an errno for corruption in this mode.
#
# Filesystems which don't support this will need to define their
# own check routine.
#
_check_generic_filesystem()
{
    local device=$1

    # If type is set, we're mounted
    local type=`_fs_type $device`
    local ok=1

    if [ "$type" = "$FSTYP" ]
    then
        # mounted ...
        local mountpoint=`_umount_or_remount_ro $device`
    fi

    fsck -t $FSTYP $FSCK_OPTIONS $device >$tmp.fsck 2>&1
    if [ $? -ne 0 ]
    then
	_log_err "_check_generic_filesystem: filesystem on $device is inconsistent"
        echo "*** fsck.$FSTYP output ***"	>>$seqres.full
        cat $tmp.fsck				>>$seqres.full
        echo "*** end fsck.$FSTYP output"	>>$seqres.full

        ok=0
    fi
    rm -f $tmp.fsck

    if [ $ok -eq 0 ] && [ -n "$DUMP_CORRUPT_FS" ]; then
        case "$FSTYP" in
        ext*)
            local flatdev="$(basename "$device")"
            _ext4_metadump "$seqres.$flatdev.check.qcow2" "$device" compress
            ;;
        esac
    fi

    if [ $ok -eq 0 ]
    then
        echo "*** mount output ***"		>>$seqres.full
        _mount					>>$seqres.full
        echo "*** end mount output"		>>$seqres.full
    elif [ "$type" = "$FSTYP" ]
    then
	# was mounted ...
	_mount_or_remount_rw "$MOUNT_OPTIONS" $device $mountpoint
	ok=$?
    fi

    if [ $ok -eq 0 ]; then
	status=1
	if [ "$iam" != "check" ]; then
		exit 1
	fi
	return 1
    fi

    return 0
}

# Filter the knowen errors the UDF Verifier reports.
_udf_test_known_error_filter()
{
	egrep -v "PVD  60  Error: Interchange Level: 1, Maximum Interchange Level: 0|FSD  28  Error: Interchange Level: 1, Maximum Interchange Level: 1,|PVD  72  Warning: Volume Set Identifier: \"\*IRIX UDF\",|Warning: [0-9]+ unused blocks NOT marked as unallocated."

}

_check_udf_filesystem()
{
    [ "$DISABLE_UDF_TEST" == "1" ] && return

    if [ $# -ne 1 -a $# -ne 2 ]
    then
	echo "Usage: _check_udf_filesystem device [last_block]" 1>&2
	exit 1
    fi

    if [ ! -x $here/src/udf_test ]
    then
	echo "udf_test not installed, please download and build the Philips"
	echo "UDF Verification Software from http://www.extra.research.philips.com/udf/."
	echo "Then copy the udf_test binary to $here/src/."
	echo "If you do not wish to run udf_test then set environment variable DISABLE_UDF_TEST"
	echo "to 1."
	return
    fi

    local device=$1
    local opt_arg=""
    if [ $# -eq 2 ]; then
	opt_arg="-lastvalidblock $(( $2 - 1 ))"
    fi

    rm -f $seqres.checkfs
    sleep 1 # Due to a problem with time stamps in udf_test
    $here/src/udf_test $opt_arg $device | tee $seqres.checkfs | egrep "Error|Warning" | \
	_udf_test_known_error_filter | \
	egrep -iv "Error count:.*[0-9]+.*total occurrences:.*[0-9]+|Warning count:.*[0-9]+.*total occurrences:.*[0-9]+" && \
        echo "Warning UDF Verifier reported errors see $seqres.checkfs." && return 1
    return 0
}

_check_test_fs()
{
    case $FSTYP in
    xfs)
	_check_xfs_test_fs
	;;
    nfs)
	# no way to check consistency for nfs
	;;
    cifs)
	# no way to check consistency for cifs
	;;
    9p)
	# no way to check consistency for 9p
	;;
    virtiofs)
	# no way to check consistency for virtiofs
	;;
    ceph)
	# no way to check consistency for CephFS
	;;
    glusterfs)
	# no way to check consistency for GlusterFS
	;;
    overlay)
	_check_overlay_test_fs
	;;
    pvfs2)
	;;
    udf)
	# do nothing for now
	;;
    btrfs)
	_check_btrfs_filesystem $TEST_DEV
	;;
    tmpfs)
	# no way to check consistency for tmpfs
	;;
    ubifs)
	# there is no fsck program for ubifs yet
	;;
    *)
	_check_generic_filesystem $TEST_DEV
	;;
    esac
}

_check_scratch_fs()
{
    local device=$SCRATCH_DEV
    [ $# -eq 1 ] && device=$1

    case $FSTYP in
    xfs)
	local scratch_log="none"
	local scratch_rt="none"
	[ "$USE_EXTERNAL" = yes -a ! -z "$SCRATCH_LOGDEV" ] && \
	    scratch_log="$SCRATCH_LOGDEV"

	[ "$USE_EXTERNAL" = yes -a ! -z "$SCRATCH_RTDEV" ] && \
	    scratch_rt="$SCRATCH_RTDEV"

	_check_xfs_filesystem $device $scratch_log $scratch_rt
	;;
    udf)
	_check_udf_filesystem $device $udf_fsize
	;;
    nfs*)
	# Don't know how to check an NFS filesystem, yet.
	;;
    cifs)
	# Don't know how to check a CIFS filesystem, yet.
	;;
    9p)
	# no way to check consistency for 9p
	;;
    virtiofs)
	# no way to check consistency for virtiofs
	;;
    ceph)
	# no way to check consistency for CephFS
	;;
    glusterfs)
	# no way to check consistency for GlusterFS
	;;
    overlay)
	_check_overlay_scratch_fs
	;;
    pvfs2)
	;;
    btrfs)
	_check_btrfs_filesystem $device
	;;
    tmpfs)
	# no way to check consistency for tmpfs
	;;
    ubifs)
	# there is no fsck program for ubifs yet
	;;
    *)
	_check_generic_filesystem $device
	;;
    esac
}

_full_fstyp_details()
{
     [ -z "$FSTYP" ] && FSTYP=xfs
     if [ $FSTYP = xfs ]; then
	if [ -d /proc/fs/xfs ]; then
	    if grep -q 'debug 0' /proc/fs/xfs/stat; then
		FSTYP="$FSTYP (non-debug)"
	    elif grep -q 'debug 1' /proc/fs/xfs/stat; then
		FSTYP="$FSTYP (debug)"
	    fi
	else
	    if uname -a | grep -qi 'debug'; then
		FSTYP="$FSTYP (debug)"
	    else
		FSTYP="$FSTYP (non-debug)"
	    fi
	fi
     fi
     echo $FSTYP
}

_full_platform_details()
{
     local os=`uname -s`
     local host=`hostname -s`
     local kernel=`uname -rv`
     local platform=`uname -m`
     echo "$os/$platform $host $kernel"
}

_get_os_name()
{
	if [ "`uname`" == "Linux" ]; then
		echo 'linux'
	else
		echo Unknown operating system: `uname`
		exit
	fi
}

_link_out_file_named()
{
	local features=$2
	local suffix=$(FEATURES="$features" perl -e '
		my %feathash;
		my $feature, $result, $suffix, $opts;

		foreach $feature (split(/,/, $ENV{"FEATURES"})) {
			$feathash{$feature} = 1;
		}
		$result = "default";
		while (<>) {
			my $found = 1;

			chomp;
			($opts, $suffix) = split(/ *: */);
			foreach my $opt (split(/,/, $opts)) {
				if (!exists($feathash{$opt})) {
					$found = 0;
					last;
				}
			}
			if ($found == 1) {
				$result = $suffix;
				last;
			}
		}
		print $result
		' <$seqfull.cfg)
	rm -f $1
	ln -fs $(basename $1).$suffix $1
}

_link_out_file()
{
	local features

	if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
		features="$(_get_os_name),$FSTYP"
		if [ -n "$MOUNT_OPTIONS" ]; then
			features=$features,${MOUNT_OPTIONS##"-o "}
		fi
	else
		features=$1
	fi

	_link_out_file_named $seqfull.out "$features"
}

_die()
{
        echo $@
        exit 1
}

# convert urandom incompressible data to compressible text data
_ddt()
{
	od /dev/urandom | dd iflag=fullblock ${*}
}

#takes files, randomdata
_nfiles()
{
        local f=0
        while [ $f -lt $1 ]
        do
                local file=f$f
                echo > $file
                if [ $size -gt 0 ]; then
                    if [ "$2" == "false" ]; then
                        dd if=/dev/zero of=$file bs=1024 count=$size 2>&1 | _filter_dd
                    elif [ "$2" == "comp" ]; then
                        _ddt of=$file bs=1024 count=$size 2>&1 | _filter_dd
                    else
                        dd if=/dev/urandom of=$file bs=1024 count=$size 2>&1 | _filter_dd
                    fi
                fi
		let f=$f+1
        done
}

# takes dirname, depth, randomdata
_descend()
{
        local dirname=$1 depth=$2 randomdata=$3
        mkdir $dirname  || die "mkdir $dirname failed"
        cd $dirname

        _nfiles $files $randomdata          # files for this dir and data type

        [ $depth -eq 0 ] && return
        local deep=$(( depth - 1 )) # go 1 down

        [ $verbose = true ] && echo "descending, depth from leaves = $deep"

        local d=0
        while [ $d -lt $dirs ]
        do
                _descend d$d $deep &
		let d=$d+1
                wait
        done
}

# Populate a filesystem with inodes for performance experiments
#
# usage: populate [-v] [-n ndirs] [-f nfiles] [-d depth] [-r root] [-s size] [-x]
#
_populate_fs()
{
    local here=`pwd`
    local dirs=5          # ndirs in each subdir till leaves
    local size=0          # sizeof files in K
    local files=100       # num files in _each_ subdir
    local depth=2         # depth of tree from root to leaves
    local verbose=false
    local root=root       # path of initial root of directory tree
    local randomdata=false # -x data type urandom, zero or compressible
    local c

    OPTIND=1
    while getopts "d:f:n:r:s:v:x:c" c
    do
        case $c in
        d)      depth=$OPTARG;;
        n)      dirs=$OPTARG;;
        f)      files=$OPTARG;;
        s)      size=$OPTARG;;
        v)      verbose=true;;
        r)      root=$OPTARG;;
        x)      randomdata=true;;
        c)      randomdata=comp;;
        esac
    done

    _descend $root $depth $randomdata
    wait

    cd $here

    [ $verbose = true ] && echo done
}

# query whether the given file has the given inode flag set
#
_test_inode_flag()
{
	local flag=$1
	local file=$2

	if $XFS_IO_PROG -r -c 'lsattr -v' "$file" | grep -q "$flag" ; then
		return 0
	fi
	return 1
}

# query the given files extsize allocator hint in bytes (if any)
#
_test_inode_extsz()
{
	local file=$1
	local blocks=""

	blocks=`$XFS_IO_PROG -r -c 'stat' "$file" | \
		awk '/^xattr.extsize =/ { print $3 }'`
	[ -z "$blocks" ] && blocks="0"
	echo $blocks
}

# scratch_dev_pool should contain the disks pool for the btrfs raid
_require_scratch_dev_pool()
{
	local i
	local ndevs

	if [ -z "$SCRATCH_DEV_POOL" ]; then
		_notrun "this test requires a valid \$SCRATCH_DEV_POOL"
	fi

	if [ -z "$1" ]; then
		ndevs=2
	else
		ndevs=$1
	fi

	# btrfs test case needs ndevs or more scratch_dev_pool; other FS not sure
	# so fail it
	case $FSTYP in
	btrfs)
		if [ "`echo $SCRATCH_DEV_POOL|wc -w`" -lt $ndevs ]; then
			_notrun "btrfs and this test needs $ndevs or more disks in SCRATCH_DEV_POOL"
		fi
	;;
	*)
		_notrun "dev_pool is not supported by fstype \"$FSTYP\""
	;;
	esac

	for i in $SCRATCH_DEV_POOL; do
		if [ "`_is_block_dev "$i"`" = "" ]; then
			_notrun "this test requires valid block disk $i"
		fi
		if [ "`_is_block_dev "$i"`" = "`_is_block_dev "$TEST_DEV"`" ]; then
			_notrun "$i is part of TEST_DEV, this test requires unique disks"
		fi
		if _mount | grep -q $i; then
			if ! $UMOUNT_PROG $i; then
		            echo "failed to unmount $i - aborting"
		            exit 1
		        fi
		fi
		# to help better debug when something fails, we remove
		# traces of previous btrfs FS on the dev.
		dd if=/dev/zero of=$i bs=4096 count=100 > /dev/null 2>&1
	done
}

# ensure devices in SCRATCH_DEV_POOL are of the same size
# must be called after _require_scratch_dev_pool
_require_scratch_dev_pool_equal_size()
{
	local size
	local newsize
	local dev

	# SCRATCH_DEV has been set to the first device in SCRATCH_DEV_POOL
	size=`_get_device_size $SCRATCH_DEV`
	for dev in $SCRATCH_DEV_POOL; do
		newsize=`_get_device_size $dev`
		if [ $size -ne $newsize ]; then
			_notrun "This test requires devices in SCRATCH_DEV_POOL have the same size"
		fi
	done
}


# Check that fio is present, and it is able to execute given jobfile
_require_fio()
{
	local job=$1

	_require_command "$FIO_PROG" fio
	if [ -z "$1" ]; then
		return 1;
	fi

	$FIO_PROG --warnings-fatal --showcmd $job >> $seqres.full 2>&1
	[ $? -eq 0 ] || _notrun "$FIO_PROG too old, see $seqres.full"
}

# Does freeze work on this fs?
_require_freeze()
{
	xfs_freeze -f "$TEST_DIR" >/dev/null 2>&1
	local result=$?
	xfs_freeze -u "$TEST_DIR" >/dev/null 2>&1
	[ $result -eq 0 ] || _notrun "$FSTYP does not support freezing"
}

# Does NFS export work on this fs?
_require_exportfs()
{
	_require_test_program "open_by_handle"

	# virtiofs doesn't support open_by_handle_at(2) yet, though the syscall
	# doesn't return error. It requires stable FUSE nodeids.
	# This feature is expected to be implemented in the future in virtiofs,
	# and this check should be removed by then.
	[ $FSTYP == "virtiofs" ] && \
		_notrun "$FSTYP doesn't support open_by_handle_at(2)"

	mkdir -p "$TEST_DIR"/exportfs_test
	$here/src/open_by_handle -c "$TEST_DIR"/exportfs_test 2>&1 \
		|| _notrun "$FSTYP does not support NFS export"
}


# Does shutdown work on this fs?
_require_scratch_shutdown()
{
	[ -x $here/src/godown ] || _notrun "src/godown executable not found"

	_scratch_mkfs > /dev/null 2>&1 || _notrun "_scratch_mkfs failed on $SCRATCH_DEV"
	_scratch_mount

	if [ $FSTYP = "overlay" ]; then
		if [ -z $OVL_BASE_SCRATCH_DEV ]; then
			# In lagacy overlay usage, it may specify directory as
			# SCRATCH_DEV, in this case OVL_BASE_SCRATCH_DEV
			# will be null, so check OVL_BASE_SCRATCH_DEV before
			# running shutdown to avoid shutting down base fs accidently.
			_notrun "This test requires a valid $OVL_BASE_SCRATCH_DEV as ovl base fs"
		else
			$here/src/godown -f $OVL_BASE_SCRATCH_MNT 2>&1 \
			|| _notrun "Underlying filesystem does not support shutdown"
		fi
	else
		$here/src/godown -f $SCRATCH_MNT 2>&1 \
			|| _notrun "$FSTYP does not support shutdown"
	fi

	_scratch_unmount
}

_check_s_dax()
{
	local target=$1
	local exp_s_dax=$2
	local ret=0

	local attributes=$($XFS_IO_PROG -c 'statx -r' $target | awk '/stat.attributes / { print $3 }')

	# The original attribute bit value, STATX_ATTR_DAX (0x2000), conflicted
	# with STATX_ATTR_MOUNT_ROOT.  Therefore, STATX_ATTR_DAX was changed to
	# 0x00200000.
	#
	# Because DAX tests do not run on root mounts, STATX_ATTR_MOUNT_ROOT
	# should always be 0.  Check for the old flag and fail the test if that
	# occurs.

	if [ $(( attributes & 0x2000 )) -ne 0 ]; then
		echo "$target has an unexpected STATX_ATTR_MOUNT_ROOT flag set"
		echo "which used to be STATX_ATTR_DAX"
		echo "     This test should not be running on the root inode..."
		echo "     Does the kernel have the following patch?"
		echo "     72d1249e2ffd uapi: fix statx attribute value overlap for DAX & MOUNT_ROOT"
	fi

	if [ $exp_s_dax -eq 0 ]; then
		if (( attributes & 0x00200000 )); then
			echo "$target has unexpected S_DAX flag"
			ret=1
		fi
	else
		if ! (( attributes & 0x00200000 )); then
			echo "$target doesn't have expected S_DAX flag"
			ret=2
		fi
	fi
	return $ret
}

_check_xflag()
{
	local target=$1
	local exp_xflag=$2

	if [ $exp_xflag -eq 0 ]; then
		_test_inode_flag dax $target && echo "$target has unexpected FS_XFLAG_DAX flag"
	else
		_test_inode_flag dax $target || echo "$target doesn't have expected FS_XFLAG_DAX flag"
	fi
}

# Check if dax mount options are supported
#
# $1 can be either 'dax=always' or 'dax'
#
# dax=always
#      Check for the new dax options (dax=inode, dax=always or dax=never)
#      by passing "dax=always".
# dax
#      Check for the old dax or new dax=always by passing "dax".
#
# This only accepts 'dax=always' because dax=always, dax=inode and
# dax=never are always supported together.  So if the other options are
# required checking for 'dax=always' indicates support for the other 2.
#
# Return 0 if filesystem/device supports the specified dax option.
# Return 1 if mount fails with the specified dax option.
# Return 2 if /proc/mounts shows wrong dax option.
_check_scratch_dax_mountopt()
{
	local option=$1

	_require_scratch
	_scratch_mkfs > /dev/null 2>&1

	_try_scratch_mount "-o $option" > /dev/null 2>&1 || return 1

	if _fs_options $SCRATCH_DEV | egrep -q "dax(=always|,|$)"; then
		_scratch_unmount
		return 0
	else
		_scratch_unmount
		return 2
	fi
}

# Throw notrun if _check_scratch_dax_mountopt() returns a non-zero value.
_require_scratch_dax_mountopt()
{
	local mountopt=$1

	_check_scratch_dax_mountopt "$mountopt"
	local res=$?

	[ $res -eq 1 ] && _notrun "mount $SCRATCH_DEV with $mountopt failed"
	[ $res -eq 2 ] && _notrun "$SCRATCH_DEV $FSTYP does not support -o $mountopt"
}

_require_dax_iflag()
{
	_require_xfs_io_command "chattr" "x"
}

# Does norecovery support by this fs?
_require_norecovery()
{
	_try_scratch_mount -o ro,norecovery || \
		_notrun "$FSTYP does not support norecovery"
	_scratch_unmount
}

# Does this filesystem support metadata journaling?
# We exclude ones here that don't; otherwise we assume that it does, so the
# test will run, fail, and motivate someone to update this test for a new
# filesystem.
#
# It's possible that TEST_DEV and SCRATCH_DEV have different features (it'd be
# odd, but possible) so check $TEST_DEV by default, but we can optionall pass
# any dev we want.
_has_metadata_journaling()
{
	if [ -z $1 ]; then
		local dev=$TEST_DEV
	else
		local dev=$1
	fi

	case "$FSTYP" in
	ext2|vfat|msdos|udf|exfat|tmpfs)
		echo "$FSTYP does not support metadata journaling"
		return 1
		;;
	ext4)
		# ext4 could be mkfs'd without a journal...
		_require_dumpe2fs
		$DUMPE2FS_PROG -h $dev 2>&1 | grep -q has_journal || {
			echo "$FSTYP on $dev not configured with metadata journaling"
			return 1
		}
		# ext4 might not load a journal
		if _normalize_mount_options "$MOUNT_OPTIONS" | grep -qw "noload"; then
			echo "mount option \"noload\" not allowed in this test"
			return 1
		fi
		;;
	overlay)
		# metadata journaling check is based on base filesystem configurations
		# and  because -overlay option saves those configurations to OVL_BASE_*,
		# adding restore/override the configurations before/after the check.
		if [ ! -z $OVL_BASE_FSTYP -a $OVL_BASE_FSTYP != "overlay" ]; then
			local ret

			_overlay_config_restore
			_has_metadata_journaling
			ret=$?
			_overlay_config_override
			return $ret
		else
			echo "No metadata journaling support for legacy overlay setup"
			return 1
		fi
		;;
	*)
		# by default we pass; if you need to, add your fs above!
		;;
	esac
	return 0
}

_require_metadata_journaling()
{
	local msg=$(_has_metadata_journaling $@)
	if [ -n "$msg" ]; then
		_notrun "$msg"
	fi
}

_count_extents()
{
	$XFS_IO_PROG -r -c "fiemap" $1 | tail -n +2 | grep -v hole | wc -l
}

# Similar to _count_extents() but if any extent is shared multiples times in
# the file (reflinked to different file offsets), it is accounted as 1 extent
# instead of N extents.
_count_exclusive_extents()
{
	$XFS_IO_PROG -r -c "fiemap" $1 | tail -n +2 | grep -v hole | \
		cut -d ' ' -f 3 | sort | uniq | wc -l
}

_count_holes()
{
	$XFS_IO_PROG -r -c "fiemap" $1 | tail -n +2 | grep hole | wc -l
}

_count_attr_extents()
{
	$XFS_IO_PROG -c "fiemap -a" $1 | tail -n +2 | grep -v hole | wc -l
}

# Get the sector number of the extent at @offset of @file
_get_file_extent_sector()
{
	local file=$1
	local offset=$2
	local result

	result=$($XFS_IO_PROG -c "fiemap $offset" "$file" | \
		 _filter_xfs_io_fiemap | head -n1 | $AWK_PROG '{print $3}')

	# xfs_io fiemap will output nothing if there is only hole, so here
	# to replace the empty string with "hole" instead
	if [ -z "$result" ]; then
		result="hole"
	fi
	echo "$result"
}

# arg 1 is dev to remove and is output of the below eg.
# ls -l /sys/class/block/sdd | rev | cut -d "/" -f 3 | rev
_devmgt_remove()
{
	local lun=$1
	local disk=$2

	echo 1 > /sys/class/scsi_device/${lun}/device/delete || _fail "Remove disk failed"

	stat $disk > /dev/null 2>&1
	while [ $? -eq 0 ]; do
		sleep 1
		stat $disk > /dev/null 2>&1
	done
}

# arg 1 is dev to add and is output of the below eg.
# ls -l /sys/class/block/sdd | rev | cut -d "/" -f 3 | rev
_devmgt_add()
{
	local h
	local tdl
	# arg 1 will be in h:t:d:l format now in the h and "t d l" format
	h=`echo ${1} | cut -d":" -f 1`
	tdl=`echo ${1} | cut -d":" -f 2-|sed 's/:/ /g'`

	echo ${tdl} >  /sys/class/scsi_host/host${h}/scan || _fail "Add disk failed"

	# ensure the device comes online
	local dev_back_oneline=0
	local i
	for i in `seq 1 10`; do
		if [ -d /sys/class/scsi_device/${1}/device/block ]; then
			local dev=`ls /sys/class/scsi_device/${1}/device/block`
			local j
			for j in `seq 1 10`;
			do
				stat /dev/$dev > /dev/null 2>&1
				if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
					dev_back_oneline=1
					break
				fi
				sleep 1
			done
			break
		else
			sleep 1
		fi
	done
	if [ $dev_back_oneline -eq 0 ]; then
		echo "/dev/$dev online failed" >> $seqres.full
	else
		echo "/dev/$dev is back online" >> $seqres.full
	fi
}

_require_fstrim()
{
	if [ -z "$FSTRIM_PROG" ]; then
		_notrun "This test requires fstrim utility."
	fi
}

_require_batched_discard()
{
	if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then
		echo "Usage: _require_batched_discard mnt_point" 1>&2
		exit 1
	fi
	_require_fstrim
	$FSTRIM_PROG $1 > /dev/null 2>&1 || _notrun "FITRIM not supported on $1"
}

_require_dumpe2fs()
{
	if [ -z "$DUMPE2FS_PROG" ]; then
		_notrun "This test requires dumpe2fs utility."
	fi
}

_require_ugid_map()
{
	if [ ! -e /proc/self/uid_map ]; then
		_notrun "This test requires procfs uid_map support."
	fi
	if [ ! -e /proc/self/gid_map ]; then
		_notrun "This test requires procfs gid_map support."
	fi
}

_require_fssum()
{
	FSSUM_PROG=$here/src/fssum
	[ -x $FSSUM_PROG ] || _notrun "fssum not built"
}

_require_cloner()
{
	CLONER_PROG=$here/src/cloner
	[ -x $CLONER_PROG ] || \
		_notrun "cloner binary not present at $CLONER_PROG"
}

# Normalize mount options from the option string in $1
# Convert options like "-o opt1,opt2 -oopt3" to "opt1 opt2 opt3"
_normalize_mount_options()
{
	echo "$1" | sed -n 's/-o\s*\(\S*\)/\1/gp'| sed 's/,/ /g'
}

# skip test if $1 contains the given strings in trailing arguments
# Both dax and dax=always are excluded if dax or dax=always is passed
_exclude_mount_option()
{
	local mnt_opts=$(_normalize_mount_options "$1")

	shift
	while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
		local pattern=$1
		echo "$pattern" | egrep -q "dax(=always|$)" && \
			pattern="dax(=always| |$)"
		if echo $mnt_opts | egrep -q "$pattern"; then
			_notrun "mount option \"$1\" not allowed in this test"
		fi
		shift
	done
}

_exclude_scratch_mount_option()
{
	_exclude_mount_option "$MOUNT_OPTIONS" $@
}

_exclude_test_mount_option()
{
	_exclude_mount_option "$TEST_FS_MOUNT_OPTS" $@
}

_require_atime()
{
	_exclude_scratch_mount_option "noatime"
	case $FSTYP in
	nfs|cifs|virtiofs)
		_notrun "atime related mount options have no effect on $FSTYP"
		;;
	esac

}

_require_relatime()
{
        _scratch_mkfs > /dev/null 2>&1
        _try_scratch_mount -o relatime || \
                _notrun "relatime not supported by the current kernel"
	_scratch_unmount
}

_require_userns()
{
	[ -x $here/src/nsexec ] || _notrun "src/nsexec executable not found"
	$here/src/nsexec -U true 2>/dev/null || _notrun "userns not supported by this kernel"
}

_create_loop_device()
{
	local file=$1 dev
	dev=`losetup -f --show $file` || _fail "Cannot assign $file to a loop device"

	# Try to enable asynchronous directio mode on the loopback device so
	# that writeback started by a filesystem mounted on the loop device
	# won't be throttled by buffered writes to the lower filesystem.  This
	# is a performance optimization for tests that want to write a lot of
	# data, so it isn't required to work.
	test -b "$dev" && losetup --direct-io=on $dev 2> /dev/null

	echo $dev
}

_destroy_loop_device()
{
	local dev=$1
	losetup -d $dev || _fail "Cannot destroy loop device $dev"
}

_scale_fsstress_args()
{
    local args=""
    while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
        case "$1" in
            -n) args="$args $1 $(($2 * $TIME_FACTOR))"; shift ;;
            -p) args="$args $1 $(($2 * $LOAD_FACTOR))"; shift ;;
            *) args="$args $1" ;;
        esac
        shift
    done
    printf '%s\n' "$args"
}

#
# Return the logical block size if running on a block device,
# else substitute the page size.
#
_min_dio_alignment()
{
    local dev=$1

    if [ -b "$dev" ]; then
        blockdev --getss $dev
    else
        $here/src/feature -s
    fi
}

run_check()
{
	echo "# $@" >> $seqres.full 2>&1
	"$@" >> $seqres.full 2>&1 || _fail "failed: '$@'"
}

_require_symlinks()
{
	local target=`mktemp -p $TEST_DIR`
	local link=`mktemp -p $TEST_DIR -u`
	ln -s `basename $target` $link
	if [ "$?" -ne 0 ]; then
		rm -f $target
		_notrun "Require symlinks support"
	fi
	rm -f $target $link
}

_require_hardlinks()
{
	local target=`mktemp -p $TEST_DIR`
	local link=`mktemp -p $TEST_DIR -u`
	ln $target $link
	if [ "$?" -ne 0 ]; then
		rm -f $target
		_notrun "No hardlink support"
	fi
	rm -f $target $link
}

_require_test_fcntl_advisory_locks()
{
	[ "$FSTYP" != "cifs" ] && return 0
	cat /proc/mounts | grep $TEST_DEV | grep cifs | grep -q "nobrl" && return 0
	cat /proc/mounts | grep $TEST_DEV | grep cifs | grep -qE "nounix|forcemand" && \
		_notrun "Require fcntl advisory locks support"
}

_require_test_fcntl_setlease()
{
	_require_test_program "locktest"
	touch $TEST_DIR/setlease_testfile
	$here/src/locktest -t $TEST_DIR/setlease_testfile >/dev/null 2>&1
	local ret=$?
	[ $ret -eq 22 ] && _notrun "Require fcntl setlease support"
	[ "$FSTYP" == "nfs" -a $ret -eq 11 ] && \
		_notrun "NFS requires delegation before setlease"
}

_require_ofd_locks()
{
	# Give a test run by getlk wrlck on testfile.
	# If the running kernel does not support OFD locks,
	# EINVAL will be returned.
	_require_test_program "t_ofd_locks"
	touch $TEST_DIR/ofd_testfile
	$here/src/t_ofd_locks -t $TEST_DIR/ofd_testfile > /dev/null 2>&1
	[ $? -eq 22 ] && _notrun "Require OFD locks support"
}

_require_test_lsattr()
{
	local testio=$(lsattr -d $TEST_DIR 2>&1)
	echo $testio | grep -q "Operation not supported" && \
		_notrun "lsattr not supported by test filesystem type: $FSTYP"
	echo $testio | grep -q "Inappropriate ioctl for device" && \
		_notrun "lsattr not supported by test filesystem type: $FSTYP"
}

_require_chattr()
{
	if [ -z "$1" ]; then
		echo "Usage: _require_chattr <attr>"
		exit 1
	fi
	local attribute=$1

	touch $TEST_DIR/syscalltest
	chattr "+$attribute" $TEST_DIR/syscalltest > $TEST_DIR/syscalltest.out 2>&1
	local ret=$?
	chattr "-$attribute" $TEST_DIR/syscalltest > $TEST_DIR/syscalltest.out 2>&1
	if [ "$ret" -ne 0 ]; then
		_notrun "file system doesn't support chattr +$attribute"
	fi
	cat $TEST_DIR/syscalltest.out >> $seqres.full
	rm -f $TEST_DIR/syscalltest.out
}

_get_total_inode()
{
	if [ -z "$1" ]; then
		echo "Usage: _get_total_inode <mnt>"
		exit 1
	fi
	local nr_inode;
	nr_inode=`$DF_PROG -i $1 | tail -1 | awk '{print $3}'`
	echo $nr_inode
}

_get_used_inode()
{
	if [ -z "$1" ]; then
		echo "Usage: _get_used_inode <mnt>"
		exit 1
	fi
	local nr_inode;
	nr_inode=`$DF_PROG -i $1 | tail -1 | awk '{print $4}'`
	echo $nr_inode
}

_get_used_inode_percent()
{
	if [ -z "$1" ]; then
		echo "Usage: _get_used_inode_percent <mnt>"
		exit 1
	fi
	local pct_inode;
	pct_inode=`$DF_PROG -i $1 | tail -1 | awk '{ print $6 }' | \
		   sed -e 's/%//'`
	echo $pct_inode
}

_get_free_inode()
{
	if [ -z "$1" ]; then
		echo "Usage: _get_free_inode <mnt>"
		exit 1
	fi
	local nr_inode;
	nr_inode=`$DF_PROG -i $1 | tail -1 | awk '{print $5}'`
	echo $nr_inode
}

# get the available space in bytes
#
_get_available_space()
{
	if [ -z "$1" ]; then
		echo "Usage: _get_available_space <mnt>"
		exit 1
	fi
	local avail_kb;
	avail_kb=`$DF_PROG $1 | tail -n1 | awk '{ print $5 }'`
	echo $((avail_kb * 1024))
}

# return device size in kb
_get_device_size()
{
	echo $(($(blockdev --getsz $1) >> 1))
}

# Make sure we actually have dmesg checking set up.
_require_check_dmesg()
{
	test -w /dev/kmsg || \
		_notrun "Test requires writable /dev/kmsg."
}

# Return the dmesg log since the start of this test.  Caller must ensure that
# /dev/kmsg was writable when the test was started so that we can find the
# beginning of this test's log messages; _require_check_dmesg does this.
_dmesg_since_test_start()
{
	# search the dmesg log of last run of $seqnum for possible failures
	# use sed \cregexpc address type, since $seqnum contains "/"
	dmesg | tac | sed -ne "0,\#run fstests $seqnum at $date_time#p" | \
		tac
}

# check dmesg log for a specific string, subject to the same requirements as
# _dmesg_since_test_start.
_check_dmesg_for()
{
	_dmesg_since_test_start | egrep -q "$1"
}

# Default filter for dmesg scanning.
# Ignore lockdep complaining about its own bugginess when scanning dmesg
# output, because we shouldn't be failing filesystem tests on account of
# lockdep.
_check_dmesg_filter()
{
	egrep -v -e "BUG: MAX_LOCKDEP_CHAIN_HLOCKS too low" \
		-e "BUG: MAX_STACK_TRACE_ENTRIES too low"
}

# check dmesg log for WARNING/Oops/etc.
_check_dmesg()
{
	if [ ! -f ${RESULT_DIR}/check_dmesg ]; then
		return 0
	fi
	rm -f ${RESULT_DIR}/check_dmesg

	# default filter is a simple cat command, caller could provide a
	# customized filter and pass the name through the first argument, to
	# filter out intentional WARNINGs or Oopses
	local filter=${1:-_check_dmesg_filter}

	_dmesg_since_test_start | $filter >$seqres.dmesg
	egrep -q -e "kernel BUG at" \
	     -e "WARNING:" \
	     -e "\bBUG:" \
	     -e "Oops:" \
	     -e "possible recursive locking detected" \
	     -e "Internal error" \
	     -e "(INFO|ERR): suspicious RCU usage" \
	     -e "INFO: possible circular locking dependency detected" \
	     -e "general protection fault:" \
	     -e "BUG .* remaining" \
	     -e "UBSAN:" \
	     $seqres.dmesg
	if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
		_dump_err "_check_dmesg: something found in dmesg (see $seqres.dmesg)"
		return 1
	else
		if [ "$KEEP_DMESG" != "yes" ]; then
			rm -f $seqres.dmesg
		fi
		return 0
	fi
}

# capture the kmemleak report
_capture_kmemleak()
{
	local kern_knob="$DEBUGFS_MNT/kmemleak"
	local leak_file="$1"

	# Tell the kernel to scan for memory leaks.  Apparently the write
	# returns before the scan is complete, so do it twice in the hopes
	# that twice is enough to capture all the leaks.
	echo "scan" > "$kern_knob"
	cat "$kern_knob" > /dev/null
	echo "scan" > "$kern_knob"
	cat "$kern_knob" > "$leak_file.tmp"
	if [ -s "$leak_file.tmp" ]; then
		cat > "$leak_file" << ENDL
EXPERIMENTAL kmemleak reported some memory leaks!  Due to the way kmemleak
works, the leak might be from an earlier test, or something totally unrelated.
ENDL
		cat "$leak_file.tmp" >> "$leak_file"
	fi
	rm -rf "$leak_file.tmp"
	echo "clear" > "$kern_knob"
}

# Figure out if the running kernel supports kmemleak; if it does, clear out
# anything that leaked before we even started testing.  The leak checker only
# needs to be primed like this once per ./check invocation.
_detect_kmemleak()
{
	local kern_knob="$DEBUGFS_MNT/kmemleak"
	KMEMLEAK_CHECK_FILE="/tmp/check_kmemleak"

	# Since kernel v4.19-rc3, the kmemleak knob exists even if kmemleak is
	# disabled, but returns EBUSY on write. So instead of relying on
	# existance of writable knob file, we use a test file to indicate that
	# _check_kmemleak() is enabled only if we actually managed to write to
	# the knob file.
	rm -f "$KMEMLEAK_CHECK_FILE"

	if [ ! -w "$kern_knob" ]; then
		return 0
	fi

	# Disable the automatic scan so that we can control it completely,
	# then dump all the leaks recorded so far.
	if echo "scan=off" > "$kern_knob" 2>/dev/null; then
		_capture_kmemleak /dev/null
		touch "$KMEMLEAK_CHECK_FILE"
	fi
}

# Kick the kmemleak checker to scan for leaks.  Background leak scan mode is
# not enabled, so we must call the kernel to ask for a scan and deal with the
# results appropriately.  This we do after every test completes, whether or not
# it was successful.
_check_kmemleak()
{
	local kern_knob="$DEBUGFS_MNT/kmemleak"
	local leak_file="$seqres.kmemleak"

	if [ ! -f "$KMEMLEAK_CHECK_FILE" ]; then
		return 0
	fi

	# Not enabled, so discard any report of leaks found.
	if [ "$USE_KMEMLEAK" != "yes" ]; then
		_capture_kmemleak /dev/null
		return 0
	fi

	# Capture and report any leaks
	_capture_kmemleak "$leak_file"
	if [ -s "$leak_file" ]; then
		_dump_err "_check_kmemleak: something found in kmemleak (see $leak_file)"
		return 1
	else
		rm -f "$leak_file"
		return 0
	fi
}

# don't check dmesg log after test
_disable_dmesg_check()
{
	rm -f ${RESULT_DIR}/check_dmesg
}

init_rc()
{
	# make some further configuration checks here
	if [ "$TEST_DEV" = ""  ]
	then
		echo "common/rc: Error: \$TEST_DEV is not set"
		exit 1
	fi

	# if $TEST_DEV is not mounted, mount it now as XFS
	if [ -z "`_fs_type $TEST_DEV`" ]
	then
		# $TEST_DEV is not mounted
		if ! _test_mount
		then
			echo "common/rc: retrying test device mount with external set"
			[ "$USE_EXTERNAL" != "yes" ] && export USE_EXTERNAL=yes
			if ! _test_mount
			then
				echo "common/rc: could not mount $TEST_DEV on $TEST_DIR"
				exit 1
			fi
		fi
	fi

	# Sanity check that TEST partition is not mounted at another mount point
	# or as another fs type
	_check_mounted_on TEST_DEV $TEST_DEV TEST_DIR $TEST_DIR $FSTYP || exit 1
	if [ -n "$SCRATCH_DEV" ]; then
		# Sanity check that SCRATCH partition is not mounted at another
		# mount point, because it is about to be unmounted and formatted.
		# Another fs type for scratch is fine (bye bye old fs type).
		_check_mounted_on SCRATCH_DEV $SCRATCH_DEV SCRATCH_MNT $SCRATCH_MNT
		[ $? -le 1 ] || exit 1
	fi

	# Figure out if we need to add -F ("foreign", deprecated) option to xfs_io
	$XFS_IO_PROG -c stat $TEST_DIR 2>&1 | grep -q "is not on an XFS filesystem" && \
		export XFS_IO_PROG="$XFS_IO_PROG -F"

	# xfs_io -i option starts an idle thread for xfs_io.
	# With single threaded process, the file table is not shared
	# and file structs are not reference counted.
	# Spawning an idle thread can help detecting file struct
	# reference leaks, so we want to enable the option whenever
	# it is supported.
	$XFS_IO_PROG -i -c quit 2>/dev/null && \
		export XFS_IO_PROG="$XFS_IO_PROG -i"

	# xfs_copy on v5 filesystems do not require the "-d" option if xfs_db
	# can change the UUID on v5 filesystems
	if [ "$FSTYP" == "xfs" ]; then
		touch /tmp/$$.img
		$MKFS_XFS_PROG -d file,name=/tmp/$$.img,size=512m >/dev/null 2>&1
		# xfs_db will return 0 even if it can't generate a new uuid, so
		# check the output to make sure if it can change UUID of V5 xfs
		$XFS_DB_PROG -x -c "uuid generate" /tmp/$$.img \
			| grep -q "invalid UUID\|supported on V5 fs" \
			&& export XFS_COPY_PROG="$XFS_COPY_PROG -d"
		rm -f /tmp/$$.img
	fi
}

# get real device path name by following link
_real_dev()
{
	local dev=$1
	if [ -b "$dev" ] && [ -L "$dev" ]; then
		dev=`readlink -f "$dev"`
	fi
	echo $dev
}

# basename of a device
_short_dev()
{
	echo `basename $(_real_dev $1)`
}

_sysfs_dev()
{
	local dev=`_real_dev $1`
	local maj=$(stat -c%t $dev | tr [:lower:] [:upper:])
	local min=$(stat -c%T $dev | tr [:lower:] [:upper:])
	maj=$(echo "ibase=16; $maj" | bc)
	min=$(echo "ibase=16; $min" | bc)
	echo /sys/dev/block/$maj:$min
}

# Get the minimum block size of a file.  Usually this is the
# minimum fs block size, but some filesystems (ocfs2) do block
# mappings in larger units.
_get_file_block_size()
{
	if [ -z $1 ] || [ ! -d $1 ]; then
		echo "Missing mount point argument for _get_file_block_size"
		exit 1
	fi

	case "$FSTYP" in
	"ocfs2")
		stat -c '%o' $1
		;;
	"xfs")
		_xfs_get_file_block_size $1
		;;
	*)
		_get_block_size $1
		;;
	esac
}

# Get the minimum block size of an fs.
_get_block_size()
{
	if [ -z $1 ] || [ ! -d $1 ]; then
		echo "Missing mount point argument for _get_block_size"
		exit 1
	fi
	stat -f -c %S $1
}

# Require that the fundamental allocation unit of a file is the same as the
# filesystem block size.  The sole parameter must be the root dir of a
# filesystem.
_require_file_block_size_equals_fs_block_size()
{
	local file_alloc_unit="$(_get_file_block_size $1)"
	local fs_block_size="$(_get_block_size $1)"
	test "$file_alloc_unit" != "$fs_block_size" && \
		_notrun "File allocation unit is larger than a filesystem block"
}

get_page_size()
{
	echo $(getconf PAGE_SIZE)
}


run_fsx()
{
	echo fsx $@
	local args=`echo $@ | sed -e "s/ BSIZE / $bsize /g" -e "s/ PSIZE / $psize /g"`
	set -- $here/ltp/fsx $args $FSX_AVOID $TEST_DIR/junk
	echo "$@" >>$seqres.full
	rm -f $TEST_DIR/junk
	"$@" 2>&1 | tee -a $seqres.full >$tmp.fsx
	if [ ${PIPESTATUS[0]} -ne 0 ]; then
		cat $tmp.fsx
		rm -f $tmp.fsx
		exit 1
	fi
	rm -f $tmp.fsx
}

# Test for the existence of a sysfs entry at /sys/fs/$FSTYP/DEV/$ATTR
#
# Only one argument is needed:
#  - attr: path name under /sys/fs/$FSTYP/DEV
#
# Usage example:
#   _require_fs_sysfs error/fail_at_unmount
_require_fs_sysfs()
{
	local attr=$1
	local dname

	case "$FSTYP" in
	btrfs)
		dname=$(findmnt -n -o UUID $TEST_DEV) ;;
	*)
		dname=$(_short_dev $TEST_DEV) ;;
	esac

	if [ -z "$attr" -o -z "$dname" ];then
		_fail "Usage: _require_fs_sysfs <sysfs_attr_path>"
	fi

	if [ ! -e /sys/fs/${FSTYP}/${dname}/${attr} ];then
		_notrun "This test requires /sys/fs/${FSTYP}/${dname}/${attr}"
	fi
}

_require_statx()
{
	$here/src/stat_test --check-statx ||
	_notrun "This test requires the statx system call"
}

# Write "content" into /sys/fs/$FSTYP/$DEV/$ATTR
#
# All arguments are necessary, and in this order:
#  - dev: device name, e.g. $SCRATCH_DEV
#  - attr: path name under /sys/fs/$FSTYP/$dev
#  - content: the content of $attr
#
# Usage example:
#   _set_fs_sysfs_attr /dev/mapper/scratch-dev error/fail_at_unmount 0
_set_fs_sysfs_attr()
{
	local dev=$1
	shift
	local attr=$1
	shift
	local content="$*"

	if [ ! -b "$dev" -o -z "$attr" -o -z "$content" ];then
		_fail "Usage: _set_fs_sysfs_attr <mounted_device> <attr> <content>"
	fi

	local dname
	case "$FSTYP" in
	btrfs)
		dname=$(findmnt -n -o UUID ${dev}) ;;
	*)
		dname=$(_short_dev $dev) ;;
	esac

	echo "$content" > /sys/fs/${FSTYP}/${dname}/${attr}
}

# Print the content of /sys/fs/$FSTYP/$DEV/$ATTR
#
# All arguments are necessary, and in this order:
#  - dev: device name, e.g. $SCRATCH_DEV
#  - attr: path name under /sys/fs/$FSTYP/$dev
#
# Usage example:
#   _get_fs_sysfs_attr /dev/mapper/scratch-dev error/fail_at_unmount
_get_fs_sysfs_attr()
{
	local dev=$1
	local attr=$2

	if [ ! -b "$dev" -o -z "$attr" ];then
		_fail "Usage: _get_fs_sysfs_attr <mounted_device> <attr>"
	fi

	local dname
	case "$FSTYP" in
	btrfs)
		dname=$(findmnt -n -o UUID ${dev}) ;;
	*)
		dname=$(_short_dev $dev) ;;
	esac

	cat /sys/fs/${FSTYP}/${dname}/${attr}
}

# Generic test for specific filesystem feature.
# Currently only implemented to test overlayfs features.
_require_scratch_feature()
{
	local feature=$1

	case "$FSTYP" in
	overlay)
		_require_scratch_overlay_features ${feature}
		;;
	*)
		_fail "Test for feature '${feature}' of ${FSTYP} is not implemented"
		;;
	esac
}

# Get the maximum size of a file in $TEST_DIR (s_maxbytes).  On ext4 this will
# be UINT32_MAX * block_size, but other filesystems may allow up to LLONG_MAX.
_get_max_file_size()
{
	local testfile=$TEST_DIR/maxfilesize.$seq
	local l=0
	local r=9223372036854775807 # LLONG_MAX

	rm -f $testfile
	while (( l < r )); do
		# Use _math() to avoid signed integer overflow.
		local m=$(_math "($l + $r + 1) / 2")
		if $XFS_IO_PROG -f -c "truncate $m" $testfile \
			|& grep -q 'File too large'
		then
			r=$(( m - 1 ))
		else
			l=$m
		fi
	done
	echo $l
}

# get MAX_LFS_FILESIZE
_get_max_lfs_filesize()
{
	case "$(getconf LONG_BIT)" in
	"32")
		local ulong_max=$(getconf ULONG_MAX)
		local page_size=$(getconf PAGE_SIZE)
		echo $(( ulong_max * page_size ))
		;;
	"64")
		echo 9223372036854775807
		;;
	*)
		_fail "sizeof(long) == $(getconf LONG_BIT)?"
		;;
	esac
}

# The maximum filesystem label length, /not/ including terminating NULL
_label_get_max()
{
	case $FSTYP in
	xfs)
		echo 12
		;;
	btrfs)
		echo 255
		;;
	f2fs)
		echo 255
		;;
	ext2|ext3|ext4)
		echo 16
		;;
	*)
		_notrun "$FSTYP does not define maximum label length"
		;;
	esac
}

# Helper to check above early in a script
_require_label_get_max()
{
	# Just call _label_get_max which will notrun if appropriate
	dummy=$(_label_get_max)
}

_dmsetup_remove()
{
	$UDEV_SETTLE_PROG >/dev/null 2>&1
	$DMSETUP_PROG remove "$@" >>$seqres.full 2>&1
	$DMSETUP_PROG mknodes >/dev/null 2>&1
}

_dmsetup_create()
{
	$DMSETUP_PROG create "$@" >>$seqres.full 2>&1 || return 1
	$DMSETUP_PROG mknodes >/dev/null 2>&1
	$UDEV_SETTLE_PROG >/dev/null 2>&1
}

_require_btime()
{
	# Note: filesystems are not required to report btime (creation time)
	# if the caller doesn't ask for it, so we define STATX_BTIME here and
	# pass it in to the statx command.
	export STATX_BTIME=0x800
	$XFS_IO_PROG -f $TEST_DIR/test_creation_time -c "statx -m $STATX_BTIME -v" \
		| grep btime >>$seqres.full 2>&1 || \
		_notrun "inode creation time not supported by this filesystem"
	rm -f $TEST_DIR/test_creation_time
}

_require_scratch_btime()
{
	_require_scratch
	_scratch_mkfs > /dev/null 2>&1
	_scratch_mount

	# Note: filesystems are not required to report btime (creation time)
	# if the caller doesn't ask for it, so we define STATX_BTIME here and
	# pass it in to the statx command.
	export STATX_BTIME=0x800
	$XFS_IO_PROG -f $SCRATCH_MNT/test_creation_time -c "statx -m $STATX_BTIME -v" \
		| grep btime >>$seqres.full 2>&1 || \
		_notrun "inode creation time not supported by this filesystem"

	_scratch_unmount
}

_require_inode_limits()
{
	if [ $(_get_free_inode $TEST_DIR) -eq 0 ]; then
		_notrun "$FSTYP does not have a fixed number of inodes available"
	fi
}

_require_filefrag_options()
{
	_require_command "$FILEFRAG_PROG" filefrag

	local options=$1
	local file="$TEST_DIR/options_testfile"

	echo "XX" > $file
	${FILEFRAG_PROG} -$options $file 2>&1 | grep -q "invalid option" && \
		_notrun "filefrag doesn't support $options option"
	rm -f $file
}

_require_fibmap()
{
	_require_filefrag_options "B"

	local file="$TEST_DIR/fibmap_testfile"

	echo "XX" > $file
	${FILEFRAG_PROG} -B $file 2>&1 | grep -q "FIBMAP[[:space:]]*unsupported"
	if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
		_notrun "FIBMAP not supported by this filesystem"
	fi
	rm -f $file
}

_try_wipe_scratch_devs()
{
	test -x "$WIPEFS_PROG" || return 0

	# Do specified filesystem wipe at first
	case "$FSTYP" in
	"xfs")
		_try_wipe_scratch_xfs
		;;
	esac

	# Then do wipefs on all scratch devices
	for dev in $SCRATCH_DEV_POOL $SCRATCH_DEV $SCRATCH_LOGDEV $SCRATCH_RTDEV; do
		test -b $dev && $WIPEFS_PROG -a $dev
	done
}

# Only run this on xfs if xfs_scrub is available and has the unicode checker
_check_xfs_scrub_does_unicode() {
	[ "${FSTYP}" == "xfs" ] || return 1

	local mount="$1"
	local dev="$2"

	_supports_xfs_scrub "${mount}" "${dev}" || return 1

	# Newer versions of xfs_scrub advertise whether or not it supports
	# Unicode name checks.
	local xfs_scrub_ver="$("${XFS_SCRUB_PROG}" -VV)"

	if echo "${xfs_scrub_ver}" | grep -q -- '-Unicode'; then
		return 1
	fi

	if echo "${xfs_scrub_ver}" | grep -q -- '+Unicode'; then
		return 0
	fi

	# If the xfs_scrub binary contains the string "Unicode name.*%s", then
	# we know that it has the ability to complain about improper Unicode
	# names.
	if strings "${XFS_SCRUB_PROG}" | grep -q 'Unicode name.*%s'; then
		return 0
	fi

	# If the xfs_scrub binary is linked against the libicui18n Unicode
	# library, then we surmise that it contains the Unicode name checker.
	if type ldd > /dev/null 2>&1 && \
	   ldd "${XFS_SCRUB_PROG}" 2> /dev/null | grep -q libicui18n; then
		return 0
	fi

	# We could not establish that xfs_scrub supports unicode names.
	return 1
}

# exfat timestamps start at 1980 and cannot be prior to epoch
_require_negative_timestamps() {
	case "$FSTYP" in
	ceph|exfat)
		_notrun "$FSTYP does not support negative timestamps"
		;;
	esac
}

# Require the 'accton' userspace tool and CONFIG_BSD_PROCESS_ACCT=y.
_require_bsd_process_accounting()
{
	_require_command "$ACCTON_PROG" accton
	$ACCTON_PROG on &> $tmp.test_accton
	cat $tmp.test_accton >> $seqres.full
	if grep 'Function not implemented' $tmp.test_accton; then
		_notrun "BSD process accounting support unavailable"
	fi
	$ACCTON_PROG off >> $seqres.full
}

_require_sysctl_variable()
{
	local name=$1
	sysctl $name &>/dev/null || _notrun "$name sysctl unavailable"
}

_require_mknod()
{
	mknod $TEST_DIR/$seq.null c 1 3 \
		|| _notrun "$FSTYP does not support mknod/mkfifo"
	rm -f $TEST_DIR/$seq.null
}

_getcap()
{
	$GETCAP_PROG "$@" | _filter_getcap
	return ${PIPESTATUS[0]}
}

_require_od_endian_flag()
{
	od --endian=little < /dev/null > /dev/null 2>&1 || \
		_notrun "od does not support endian flag"
}

# Skip this test unless the filesystem treats names (directory entries,
# fs labels, and extended attribute names) as raw byte sequences.
_require_names_are_bytes() {
        case "$FSTYP" in
        ext2|ext3|ext4|f2fs|xfs|btrfs)
		# do nothing
	        ;;
	*)
                _notrun "$FSTYP does not allow unrestricted byte streams for names"
		;;
        esac
}

_has_kernel_config()
{
	local option=$1
	local uname=$(uname -r)
	local config_list="$KCONFIG_PATH
		     /proc/config.gz
		     /lib/modules/$uname/build/.config
		     /boot/config-$uname
		     /lib/kernel/config-$uname"

	for config in $config_list; do
		[ ! -f $config ] && continue
		[ $config = "/proc/config.gz" ] && break
		grep -qE "^${option}=[my]" $config
		return
	done

	[ ! -f $config ] && _notrun "Could not locate kernel config file"

	# We can only get here with /proc/config.gz
	_require_command "$GZIP_PROG" gzip
	$GZIP_PROG -cd $config | grep -qE "^${option}=[my]"
}

_require_kernel_config()
{
	_has_kernel_config $1 || _notrun "Installed kernel not built with $1"
}

_hexdump()
{
	# Hex format address and data output
	od -Ax -t x1z $*
}

# Disable hexdump, turn to use "od" command in _hexdump
hexdump()
{
	_fail "Use _hexdump(), please!"
}

init_rc

################################################################################
# make sure this script returns success
/bin/true