mkfs/proto.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2000-2001,2005 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
 * All Rights Reserved.
 */

#include "libxfs.h"
#include <dirent.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/xattr.h>
#include <linux/xattr.h>
#include "libfrog/convert.h"
#include "proto.h"

/*
 * Prototypes for internal functions.
 */
static char *getstr(char **pp);
static void fail(char *msg, int i);
static struct xfs_trans * getres(struct xfs_mount *mp, uint blocks);
static void rsvfile(xfs_mount_t *mp, xfs_inode_t *ip, long long len);
static int newregfile(char **pp, char **fname);
static void rtinit(xfs_mount_t *mp);
static off_t filesize(int fd);
static void populate_from_dir(struct xfs_mount *mp, struct fsxattr *fsxp,
		char *source_dir);
static void walk_dir(struct xfs_mount *mp, struct xfs_inode *pip,
		struct fsxattr *fsxp, char *path_buf, int path_len);
static int preserve_atime;
static int slashes_are_spaces;

/*
 * Use this for block reservations needed for mkfs's conditions
 * (basically no fragmentation).
 */
#define	MKFS_BLOCKRES_INODE	\
	((uint)(M_IGEO(mp)->ialloc_blks + (M_IGEO(mp)->inobt_maxlevels - 1)))
#define	MKFS_BLOCKRES(rb)	\
	((uint)(MKFS_BLOCKRES_INODE + XFS_DA_NODE_MAXDEPTH + \
	(XFS_BM_MAXLEVELS(mp, XFS_DATA_FORK) - 1) + (rb)))

static long long
getnum(
	const char	*str,
	unsigned int	blksize,
	unsigned int	sectsize,
	bool		convert)
{
	long long	i;
	char		*sp;

	if (convert)
		return cvtnum(blksize, sectsize, str);

	i = strtoll(str, &sp, 0);
	if (i == 0 && sp == str)
		return -1LL;
	if (*sp != '\0')
		return -1LL; /* trailing garbage */
	return i;
}

struct proto_source
setup_proto(
	char			*fname)
{
	struct proto_source	result = {};
	struct stat		statbuf;
	char			*buf = NULL;
	static char		dflt[] = "d--755 0 0 $";
	int			fd;
	long			size;

	/*
	 * If no prototype path is supplied, use the default protofile which
	 * creates only a root directory.
	 */
	if (!fname) {
		result.type = PROTO_SRC_PROTOFILE;
		result.data = dflt;
		return result;
	}

	if ((fd = open(fname, O_RDONLY)) < 0 || (size = filesize(fd)) < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: failed to open %s: %s\n"),
			progname, fname, strerror(errno));
		goto out_fail;
	}

	if (fstat(fd, &statbuf) < 0)
		fail(_("invalid or unreadable source path"), errno);

	/*
	 * Handle directory inputs.
	 */
	if (S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode)) {
		close(fd);
		result.type = PROTO_SRC_DIR;
		result.data = fname;
		return result;
	}

	/*
	 * Else this is a protofile, let's handle traditionally.
	 */
	buf = malloc(size + 1);
	if (read(fd, buf, size) < size) {
		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: read failed on %s: %s\n"),
			progname, fname, strerror(errno));
		goto out_fail;
	}
	if (buf[size - 1] != '\n') {
		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: proto file %s premature EOF\n"),
			progname, fname);
		goto out_fail;
	}
	buf[size] = '\0';
	/*
	 * Skip past the stuff there for compatibility, a string and 2 numbers.
	 */
	(void)getstr(&buf);	/* boot image name */
	(void)getnum(getstr(&buf), 0, 0, false);	/* block count */
	(void)getnum(getstr(&buf), 0, 0, false);	/* inode count */
	close(fd);

	result.type = PROTO_SRC_PROTOFILE;
	result.data = buf;
	return result;

out_fail:
	if (fd >= 0)
		close(fd);
	free(buf);
	exit(1);
}

static void
fail(
	char	*msg,
	int	i)
{
	fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s [%d - %s]\n", progname, msg, i, strerror(i));
	exit(1);
}

void
res_failed(
	int	i)
{
	fail(_("cannot reserve space"), i);
}

static struct xfs_trans *
getres(
	struct xfs_mount *mp,
	uint		blocks)
{
	struct xfs_trans *tp;
	int		i;
	uint		r;

	for (i = 0, r = MKFS_BLOCKRES(blocks); r >= blocks; r--) {
		i = -libxfs_trans_alloc_rollable(mp, r, &tp);
		if (i == 0)
			return tp;
	}
	res_failed(i);
	/* NOTREACHED */
	return NULL;
}

static char *
getstr(
	char	**pp)
{
	char	c;
	char	*p;
	char	*rval;

	p = *pp;
	while ((c = *p)) {
		switch (c) {
		case ' ':
		case '\t':
		case '\n':
			p++;
			continue;
		case ':':
			p++;
			while (*p++ != '\n')
				;
			continue;
		default:
			rval = p;
			while (c != ' ' && c != '\t' && c != '\n' && c != '\0')
				c = *++p;
			*p++ = '\0';
			*pp = p;
			return rval;
		}
	}
	if (c != '\0') {
		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: premature EOF in prototype file\n"),
			progname);
		exit(1);
	}
	return NULL;
}

/* Extract directory entry name from a protofile. */
static char *
getdirentname(
	char	**pp)
{
	char	*p = getstr(pp);
	char	*c = p;

	if (!p)
		return NULL;

	if (!slashes_are_spaces)
		return p;

	/* Replace slash with space because slashes aren't allowed. */
	while (*c) {
		if (*c == '/')
			*c = ' ';
		c++;
	}

	return p;
}

static void
rsvfile(
	xfs_mount_t	*mp,
	xfs_inode_t	*ip,
	long long	llen)
{
	int		error;
	xfs_trans_t	*tp;

	error = -libxfs_alloc_file_space(ip, 0, llen, XFS_BMAPI_PREALLOC);

	if (error) {
		fail(_("error reserving space for a file"), error);
		exit(1);
	}

	/*
	 * update the inode timestamp, mode, and prealloc flag bits
	 */
	error = -libxfs_trans_alloc_rollable(mp, 0, &tp);
	if (error)
		fail(_("allocating transaction for a file"), error);
	libxfs_trans_ijoin(tp, ip, 0);

	VFS_I(ip)->i_mode &= ~S_ISUID;

	/*
	 * Note that we don't have to worry about mandatory
	 * file locking being disabled here because we only
	 * clear the S_ISGID bit if the Group execute bit is
	 * on, but if it was on then mandatory locking wouldn't
	 * have been enabled.
	 */
	if (VFS_I(ip)->i_mode & S_IXGRP)
		VFS_I(ip)->i_mode &= ~S_ISGID;

	libxfs_trans_ichgtime(tp, ip, XFS_ICHGTIME_MOD | XFS_ICHGTIME_CHG);

	ip->i_diflags |= XFS_DIFLAG_PREALLOC;

	libxfs_trans_log_inode(tp, ip, XFS_ILOG_CORE);
	error = -libxfs_trans_commit(tp);
	if (error)
		fail(_("committing space for a file failed"), error);
}

static void
writesymlink(
	struct xfs_trans	*tp,
	struct xfs_inode	*ip,
	char			*buf,
	int			len)
{
	struct xfs_mount	*mp = tp->t_mountp;
	xfs_extlen_t		nb = XFS_B_TO_FSB(mp, len);
	int			error;

	error = -libxfs_symlink_write_target(tp, ip, ip->i_ino, buf, len, nb,
			nb);
	if (error) {
		fprintf(stderr,
	_("%s: error %d creating symlink to '%s'.\n"), progname, error, buf);
		exit(1);
	}
}

static void
writefile_range(
	struct xfs_inode	*ip,
	const char		*fname,
	int			fd,
	off_t			pos,
	uint64_t		len)
{
	static char		buf[131072];
	int			error;

	if (XFS_IS_REALTIME_INODE(ip)) {
		fprintf(stderr,
 _("%s: creating realtime files from proto file not supported.\n"),
				progname);
		exit(1);
	}

	while (len > 0) {
		ssize_t		read_len;

		read_len = pread(fd, buf, min(len, sizeof(buf)), pos);
		if (read_len < 0) {
			fprintf(stderr, _("%s: read failed on %s: %s\n"),
					progname, fname, strerror(errno));
			exit(1);
		}

		error = -libxfs_alloc_file_space(ip, pos, read_len, 0);
		if (error)
			fail(_("error allocating space for a file"), error);

		error = -libxfs_file_write(ip, buf, pos, read_len);
		if (error)
			fail(_("error writing file"), error);

		pos += read_len;
		len -= read_len;
	}
}

static void
writefile(
	struct xfs_inode	*ip,
	const char		*fname,
	int			fd)
{
	struct xfs_trans	*tp;
	struct xfs_mount	*mp = ip->i_mount;
	struct stat		statbuf;
	off_t			data_pos;
	int			error;

	/* do not try to read from non-regular files */
	error = fstat(fd, &statbuf);
	if (error < 0)
		fail(_("unable to stat file to copyin"), errno);

	if (!S_ISREG(statbuf.st_mode))
		return;

	data_pos = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_DATA);
	while (data_pos >= 0) {
		off_t		hole_pos;

		hole_pos = lseek(fd, data_pos, SEEK_HOLE);
		if (hole_pos < 0) {
			/* save error, break */
			data_pos = hole_pos;
			break;
		}
		if (hole_pos <= data_pos) {
			/* shouldn't happen??? */
			break;
		}

		writefile_range(ip, fname, fd, data_pos, hole_pos - data_pos);
		data_pos = lseek(fd, hole_pos, SEEK_DATA);
	}
	if (data_pos < 0 && errno != ENXIO)
		fail(_("error finding file data to import"), errno);

	/* extend EOF only after writing all the file data */
	error = -libxfs_trans_alloc_inode(ip, &M_RES(mp)->tr_ichange, 0, 0,
			false, &tp);
	if (error)
		fail(_("error creating isize transaction"), error);

	libxfs_trans_ijoin(tp, ip, 0);
	ip->i_disk_size = statbuf.st_size;
	libxfs_trans_log_inode(tp, ip, XFS_ILOG_CORE);
	error = -libxfs_trans_commit(tp);
	if (error)
		fail(_("error committing isize transaction"), error);
}

static void
writeattr(
	struct xfs_inode	*ip,
	const char		*fname,
	int			fd,
	const char		*attrname,
	char			*valuebuf,
	size_t			valuelen)
{
	struct xfs_da_args	args = {
		.dp		= ip,
		.geo		= ip->i_mount->m_attr_geo,
		.owner		= ip->i_ino,
		.whichfork	= XFS_ATTR_FORK,
		.op_flags	= XFS_DA_OP_OKNOENT,
		.value		= valuebuf,
	};
	ssize_t			ret;
	int			error;

	ret = fgetxattr(fd, attrname, valuebuf, valuelen);
	/*
	 * In case of filedescriptors with O_PATH, fgetxattr() will fail with
	 * EBADF.
	 * Let's try to fallback to lgetxattr() using input path.
	 */
	if (ret < 0 && errno == EBADF)
		ret = lgetxattr(fname, attrname, valuebuf, valuelen);
	if (ret < 0) {
		if (errno == EOPNOTSUPP)
			return;
		fail(_("error collecting xattr value"), errno);
	}
	if (ret == 0)
		return;

	if (!strncmp(attrname, XATTR_TRUSTED_PREFIX, XATTR_TRUSTED_PREFIX_LEN)) {
		args.name = (unsigned char *)attrname + XATTR_TRUSTED_PREFIX_LEN;
		args.attr_filter = LIBXFS_ATTR_ROOT;
	} else if (!strncmp(attrname, XATTR_SECURITY_PREFIX, XATTR_SECURITY_PREFIX_LEN)) {
		args.name = (unsigned char *)attrname + XATTR_SECURITY_PREFIX_LEN;
		args.attr_filter = LIBXFS_ATTR_SECURE;
	} else if (!strncmp(attrname, XATTR_USER_PREFIX, XATTR_USER_PREFIX_LEN)) {
		args.name = (unsigned char *)attrname + XATTR_USER_PREFIX_LEN;
		args.attr_filter = 0;
	} else {
		args.name = (unsigned char *)attrname;
		args.attr_filter = 0;
	}
	args.namelen = strlen((char *)args.name);

	args.valuelen = ret;
	libxfs_attr_sethash(&args);

	error = -libxfs_attr_set(&args, XFS_ATTRUPDATE_UPSERT, false);
	if (error)
		fail(_("setting xattr value"), error);
}

static void
writeattrs(
	struct xfs_inode	*ip,
	const char		*fname,
	int			fd)
{
	char			*namebuf, *p, *end;
	char			*valuebuf = NULL;
	ssize_t			ret;

	namebuf = malloc(XATTR_LIST_MAX);
	if (!namebuf)
		fail(_("error allocating xattr name buffer"), errno);

	ret = flistxattr(fd, namebuf, XATTR_LIST_MAX);
	/*
	 * In case of filedescriptors with O_PATH, flistxattr() will fail with
	 * EBADF.
	 * Let's try to fallback to llistxattr() using input path.
	 */
	if (ret < 0 && errno == EBADF)
		ret = llistxattr(fname, namebuf, XATTR_LIST_MAX);
	if (ret < 0) {
		if (errno == EOPNOTSUPP)
			goto out_namebuf;
		fail(_("error collecting xattr names"), errno);
	}

	p = namebuf;
	end = namebuf + ret;
	for (p = namebuf; p < end; p += strlen(p) + 1) {
		if (!valuebuf) {
			valuebuf = malloc(ATTR_MAX_VALUELEN);
			if (!valuebuf)
				fail(_("error allocating xattr value buffer"),
						errno);
		}

		writeattr(ip, fname, fd, p, valuebuf, ATTR_MAX_VALUELEN);
	}

	free(valuebuf);
out_namebuf:
	free(namebuf);
}

static int
newregfile(
	char		**pp,
	char		**fname)
{
	int		fd;
	off_t		size;

	*fname = getstr(pp);
	if ((fd = open(*fname, O_RDONLY)) < 0 || (size = filesize(fd)) < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: cannot open %s: %s\n"),
			progname, *fname, strerror(errno));
		exit(1);
	}

	return fd;
}

static void
newdirent(
	struct xfs_mount	*mp,
	struct xfs_trans	*tp,
	struct xfs_inode	*pip,
	struct xfs_name		*name,
	struct xfs_inode	*ip,
	struct xfs_parent_args	*ppargs)
{
	int	error;
	int	rsv;

	if (!libxfs_dir2_namecheck(name->name, name->len)) {
		fprintf(stderr, _("%.*s: invalid directory entry name\n"),
				name->len, name->name);
		exit(1);
	}

	rsv = XFS_DIRENTER_SPACE_RES(mp, name->len);

	error = -libxfs_dir_createname(tp, pip, name, ip->i_ino, rsv);
	if (error)
		fail(_("directory createname error"), error);

	if (ppargs) {
		error = -libxfs_parent_addname(tp, ppargs, pip, name, ip);
		if (error)
			fail(_("parent addname error"), error);
	}
}

static void
newdirectory(
	xfs_mount_t	*mp,
	xfs_trans_t	*tp,
	xfs_inode_t	*dp,
	xfs_inode_t	*pdp)
{
	int	error;

	error = -libxfs_dir_init(tp, dp, pdp);
	if (error)
		fail(_("directory create error"), error);
}

static struct xfs_parent_args *
newpptr(
	struct xfs_mount	*mp)
{
	struct xfs_parent_args	*ret;
	int			error;

	error = -libxfs_parent_start(mp, &ret);
	if (error)
		fail(_("initializing parent pointer"), error);

	return ret;
}

struct cred {
	uid_t			cr_uid;
	gid_t			cr_gid;
};

static int
creatproto(
	struct xfs_trans	**tpp,
	struct xfs_inode	*dp,
	mode_t			mode,
	xfs_dev_t		rdev,
	struct cred		*cr,
	struct fsxattr		*fsx,
	struct xfs_inode	**ipp)
{
	struct xfs_icreate_args	args = {
		.idmap		= libxfs_nop_idmap,
		.pip		= dp,
		.rdev		= rdev,
		.mode		= mode,
	};
	struct xfs_inode	*ip;
	struct inode		*inode;
	xfs_ino_t		ino;
	int			error;

	/* Root directories cannot be linked to a parent. */
	if (!dp)
		args.flags |= XFS_ICREATE_UNLINKABLE;

	/*
	 * Call the space management code to pick the on-disk inode to be
	 * allocated.
	 */
	error = -libxfs_dialloc(tpp, &args, &ino);
	if (error)
		return error;

	error = -libxfs_icreate(*tpp, ino, &args, &ip);
	if (error)
		return error;

	inode = VFS_I(ip);
	i_uid_write(inode, cr->cr_uid);
	i_gid_write(inode, cr->cr_gid);

	/* If there is no parent dir, initialize the file from fsxattr data. */
	if (dp == NULL) {
		ip->i_projid = fsx->fsx_projid;
		ip->i_extsize = fsx->fsx_extsize;
		ip->i_diflags = xfs_flags2diflags(ip, fsx->fsx_xflags);

		if (xfs_has_v3inodes(ip->i_mount)) {
			ip->i_diflags2 = xfs_flags2diflags2(ip,
							fsx->fsx_xflags);
			ip->i_cowextsize = fsx->fsx_cowextsize;
		}

		/* xfsdump breaks if the root dir has a nonzero generation */
		inode->i_generation = 0;
	}

	libxfs_trans_log_inode(*tpp, ip, XFS_ILOG_CORE);
	*ipp = ip;
	return 0;
}

/* Create a new metadata root directory. */
static int
create_metadir(
	struct xfs_mount	*mp)
{
	struct xfs_inode	*ip = NULL;
	struct xfs_trans	*tp;
	int			error;
	struct xfs_icreate_args	args = {
		.mode		= S_IFDIR,
		.flags		= XFS_ICREATE_UNLINKABLE,
	};
	xfs_ino_t		ino;

	if (!xfs_has_metadir(mp))
		return 0;

	error = -libxfs_trans_alloc(mp, &M_RES(mp)->tr_create,
			libxfs_create_space_res(mp, MAXNAMELEN), 0, 0, &tp);
	if (error)
		return error;

	/*
	 * Create a new inode and set the sb pointer.  The primary super is
	 * still marked inprogress, so we do not need to log the metadirino
	 * change ourselves.
	 */
	error = -libxfs_dialloc(&tp, &args, &ino);
	if (error)
		goto out_cancel;
	error = -libxfs_icreate(tp, ino, &args, &ip);
	if (error)
		goto out_cancel;
	mp->m_sb.sb_metadirino = ino;

	/*
	 * Initialize the root directory.  There are no ILOCKs in userspace
	 * so we do not need to drop it here.
	 */
	libxfs_metafile_set_iflag(tp, ip, XFS_METAFILE_DIR);
	error = -libxfs_dir_init(tp, ip, ip);
	if (error)
		goto out_cancel;

	error = -libxfs_trans_commit(tp);
	if (error)
		goto out_rele;

	mp->m_metadirip = ip;
	return 0;

out_cancel:
	libxfs_trans_cancel(tp);
out_rele:
	if (ip)
		libxfs_irele(ip);
	return error;
}

static void
parseproto(
	xfs_mount_t	*mp,
	xfs_inode_t	*pip,
	struct fsxattr	*fsxp,
	char		**pp,
	char		*name)
{
#define	IF_REGULAR	0
#define	IF_RESERVED	1
#define	IF_BLOCK	2
#define	IF_CHAR		3
#define	IF_DIRECTORY	4
#define	IF_SYMLINK	5
#define	IF_FIFO		6

	char		*buf;
	int		error;
	int		flags;
	int		fmt;
	int		i;
	xfs_inode_t	*ip;
	int		fd = -1;
	off_t		len;
	long long	llen;
	int		majdev;
	int		mindev;
	int		mode;
	char		*mstr;
	xfs_trans_t	*tp;
	int		val;
	int		isroot = 0;
	struct cred	creds;
	char		*value;
	char		*fname = NULL;
	struct xfs_name	xname;
	struct xfs_parent_args *ppargs = NULL;

	memset(&creds, 0, sizeof(creds));
	mstr = getstr(pp);
	switch (mstr[0]) {
	case '-':
		fmt = IF_REGULAR;
		break;
	case 'r':
		fmt = IF_RESERVED;
		break;
	case 'b':
		fmt = IF_BLOCK;
		break;
	case 'c':
		fmt = IF_CHAR;
		break;
	case 'd':
		fmt = IF_DIRECTORY;
		break;
	case 'l':
		fmt = IF_SYMLINK;
		break;
	case 'p':
		fmt = IF_FIFO;
		break;
	default:
		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: bad format string %s\n"),
			progname, mstr);
		exit(1);
	}
	mode = 0;
	switch (mstr[1]) {
	case '-':
		break;
	case 'u':
		mode |= S_ISUID;
		break;
	default:
		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: bad format string %s\n"),
			progname, mstr);
		exit(1);
	}
	switch (mstr[2]) {
	case '-':
		break;
	case 'g':
		mode |= S_ISGID;
		break;
	default:
		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: bad format string %s\n"),
			progname, mstr);
		exit(1);
	}
	val = 0;
	for (i = 3; i < 6; i++) {
		if (mstr[i] < '0' || mstr[i] > '7') {
			fprintf(stderr, _("%s: bad format string %s\n"),
				progname, mstr);
			exit(1);
		}
		val = val * 8 + mstr[i] - '0';
	}
	mode |= val;
	creds.cr_uid = (int)getnum(getstr(pp), 0, 0, false);
	creds.cr_gid = (int)getnum(getstr(pp), 0, 0, false);
	xname.name = (unsigned char *)name;
	xname.len = name ? strlen(name) : 0;
	xname.type = 0;
	flags = XFS_ILOG_CORE;
	switch (fmt) {
	case IF_REGULAR:
		fd = newregfile(pp, &fname);
		tp = getres(mp, 0);
		ppargs = newpptr(mp);
		error = creatproto(&tp, pip, mode | S_IFREG, 0, &creds, fsxp,
				&ip);
		if (error)
			fail(_("Inode allocation failed"), error);
		libxfs_trans_ijoin(tp, pip, 0);
		xname.type = XFS_DIR3_FT_REG_FILE;
		newdirent(mp, tp, pip, &xname, ip, ppargs);
		break;

	case IF_RESERVED:			/* pre-allocated space only */
		value = getstr(pp);
		llen = getnum(value, mp->m_sb.sb_blocksize,
			      mp->m_sb.sb_sectsize, true);
		if (llen < 0) {
			fprintf(stderr,
				_("%s: Bad value %s for proto file %s\n"),
				progname, value, name);
			exit(1);
		}
		tp = getres(mp, XFS_B_TO_FSB(mp, llen));
		ppargs = newpptr(mp);
		error = creatproto(&tp, pip, mode | S_IFREG, 0, &creds, fsxp,
				&ip);
		if (error)
			fail(_("Inode pre-allocation failed"), error);

		libxfs_trans_ijoin(tp, pip, 0);

		xname.type = XFS_DIR3_FT_REG_FILE;
		newdirent(mp, tp, pip, &xname, ip, ppargs);
		libxfs_trans_log_inode(tp, ip, flags);
		error = -libxfs_trans_commit(tp);
		if (error)
			fail(_("Space preallocation failed."), error);
		libxfs_parent_finish(mp, ppargs);
		rsvfile(mp, ip, llen);
		libxfs_irele(ip);
		return;

	case IF_BLOCK:
		tp = getres(mp, 0);
		ppargs = newpptr(mp);
		majdev = getnum(getstr(pp), 0, 0, false);
		mindev = getnum(getstr(pp), 0, 0, false);
		error = creatproto(&tp, pip, mode | S_IFBLK,
				IRIX_MKDEV(majdev, mindev), &creds, fsxp, &ip);
		if (error) {
			fail(_("Inode allocation failed"), error);
		}
		libxfs_trans_ijoin(tp, pip, 0);
		xname.type = XFS_DIR3_FT_BLKDEV;
		newdirent(mp, tp, pip, &xname, ip, ppargs);
		flags |= XFS_ILOG_DEV;
		break;

	case IF_CHAR:
		tp = getres(mp, 0);
		ppargs = newpptr(mp);
		majdev = getnum(getstr(pp), 0, 0, false);
		mindev = getnum(getstr(pp), 0, 0, false);
		error = creatproto(&tp, pip, mode | S_IFCHR,
				IRIX_MKDEV(majdev, mindev), &creds, fsxp, &ip);
		if (error)
			fail(_("Inode allocation failed"), error);
		libxfs_trans_ijoin(tp, pip, 0);
		xname.type = XFS_DIR3_FT_CHRDEV;
		newdirent(mp, tp, pip, &xname, ip, ppargs);
		flags |= XFS_ILOG_DEV;
		break;

	case IF_FIFO:
		tp = getres(mp, 0);
		ppargs = newpptr(mp);
		error = creatproto(&tp, pip, mode | S_IFIFO, 0, &creds, fsxp,
				&ip);
		if (error)
			fail(_("Inode allocation failed"), error);
		libxfs_trans_ijoin(tp, pip, 0);
		xname.type = XFS_DIR3_FT_FIFO;
		newdirent(mp, tp, pip, &xname, ip, ppargs);
		break;
	case IF_SYMLINK:
		buf = getstr(pp);
		len = (int)strlen(buf);
		tp = getres(mp, XFS_B_TO_FSB(mp, len));
		ppargs = newpptr(mp);
		error = creatproto(&tp, pip, mode | S_IFLNK, 0, &creds, fsxp,
				&ip);
		if (error)
			fail(_("Inode allocation failed"), error);
		writesymlink(tp, ip, buf, len);
		libxfs_trans_ijoin(tp, pip, 0);
		xname.type = XFS_DIR3_FT_SYMLINK;
		newdirent(mp, tp, pip, &xname, ip, ppargs);
		break;
	case IF_DIRECTORY:
		tp = getres(mp, 0);
		error = creatproto(&tp, pip, mode | S_IFDIR, 0, &creds, fsxp,
				&ip);
		if (error)
			fail(_("Inode allocation failed"), error);
		if (!pip) {
			pip = ip;
			mp->m_sb.sb_rootino = ip->i_ino;
			libxfs_log_sb(tp);
			isroot = 1;
		} else {
			ppargs = newpptr(mp);
			libxfs_trans_ijoin(tp, pip, 0);
			xname.type = XFS_DIR3_FT_DIR;
			newdirent(mp, tp, pip, &xname, ip, ppargs);
			libxfs_bumplink(tp, pip);
			libxfs_trans_log_inode(tp, pip, XFS_ILOG_CORE);
		}
		newdirectory(mp, tp, ip, pip);
		libxfs_trans_log_inode(tp, ip, flags);
		error = -libxfs_trans_commit(tp);
		if (error)
			fail(_("Directory inode allocation failed."), error);

		libxfs_parent_finish(mp, ppargs);

		/*
		 * RT initialization.  Do this here to ensure that
		 * the RT inodes get placed after the root inode.
		 */
		if (isroot) {
			error = create_metadir(mp);
			if (error)
				fail(
	_("Creation of the metadata directory inode failed"),
					error);

			rtinit(mp);
		}
		tp = NULL;
		for (;;) {
			name = getdirentname(pp);
			if (!name)
				break;
			if (strcmp(name, "$") == 0)
				break;
			parseproto(mp, ip, fsxp, pp, name);
		}
		libxfs_irele(ip);
		return;
	default:
		ASSERT(0);
		fail(_("Unknown format"), EINVAL);
	}
	libxfs_trans_log_inode(tp, ip, flags);
	error = -libxfs_trans_commit(tp);
	if (error) {
		fail(_("Error encountered creating file from prototype file"),
			error);
	}

	libxfs_parent_finish(mp, ppargs);
	if (fmt == IF_REGULAR) {
		writefile(ip, fname, fd);
		writeattrs(ip, fname, fd);
		close(fd);
	}
	libxfs_irele(ip);
}

void
parse_proto(
	xfs_mount_t		*mp,
	struct fsxattr		*fsx,
	struct proto_source	*protosource,
	int			proto_slashes_are_spaces,
	int			proto_preserve_atime)
{
	preserve_atime = proto_preserve_atime;
	slashes_are_spaces = proto_slashes_are_spaces;

	/*
	 * In case of a file input, we will use the prototype file logic else
	 * we will fallback to populate from dir.
	 */
	switch(protosource->type) {
	case PROTO_SRC_PROTOFILE:
		parseproto(mp, NULL, fsx, &protosource->data, NULL);
		break;
	case PROTO_SRC_DIR:
		populate_from_dir(mp, fsx, protosource->data);
		break;
	case PROTO_SRC_NONE:
		fail(_("invalid or unreadable source path"), ENOENT);
	}
}

/* Create a sb-rooted metadata file. */
static void
create_sb_metadata_file(
	struct xfs_rtgroup	*rtg,
	enum xfs_rtg_inodes	type,
	int			(*create)(struct xfs_rtgroup *rtg,
					  struct xfs_inode *ip,
					  struct xfs_trans *tp,
					  bool init))
{
	struct xfs_mount	*mp = rtg_mount(rtg);
	struct xfs_icreate_args	args = {
		.mode		= S_IFREG,
		.flags		= XFS_ICREATE_UNLINKABLE,
	};
	struct xfs_trans	*tp;
	struct xfs_inode	*ip = NULL;
	xfs_ino_t		ino;
	int			error;

	error = -libxfs_trans_alloc_rollable(mp, MKFS_BLOCKRES_INODE, &tp);
	if (error)
		res_failed(error);

	error = -libxfs_dialloc(&tp, &args, &ino);
	if (error)
		goto fail;

	error = -libxfs_icreate(tp, ino, &args, &ip);
	if (error)
		goto fail;

	error = create(rtg, ip, tp, true);
	if (error < 0)
		error = -error;
	if (error)
		goto fail;

	switch (type) {
	case XFS_RTGI_BITMAP:
		mp->m_sb.sb_rbmino = ip->i_ino;
		break;
	case XFS_RTGI_SUMMARY:
		mp->m_sb.sb_rsumino = ip->i_ino;
		break;
	default:
		error = EFSCORRUPTED;
		goto fail;
	}
	libxfs_log_sb(tp);

	error = -libxfs_trans_commit(tp);
	if (error)
		goto fail;
	rtg->rtg_inodes[type] = ip;
	return;

fail:
	if (ip)
		libxfs_irele(ip);
	if (error)
		fail(_("Realtime inode allocation failed"), error);
}

/*
 * Free the whole realtime area using transactions.  Each transaction may clear
 * up to 32 rtbitmap blocks.
 */
static void
rtfreesp_init(
	struct xfs_rtgroup	*rtg)
{
	struct xfs_mount	*mp = rtg_mount(rtg);
	struct xfs_trans	*tp;
	const xfs_rtxnum_t	max_rtx = mp->m_rtx_per_rbmblock * 32;
	xfs_rtxnum_t		start_rtx = 0;
	int			error;

	/*
	 * First zero the realtime bitmap and summary files.
	 */
	error = -libxfs_rtfile_initialize_blocks(rtg, XFS_RTGI_BITMAP, 0,
			mp->m_sb.sb_rbmblocks, NULL);
	if (error)
		fail(_("Initialization of rtbitmap inode failed"), error);

	error = -libxfs_rtfile_initialize_blocks(rtg, XFS_RTGI_SUMMARY, 0,
			mp->m_rsumblocks, NULL);
	if (error)
		fail(_("Initialization of rtsummary inode failed"), error);

	if (!mp->m_sb.sb_rbmblocks)
		return;

	/*
	 * Then free the blocks into the allocator, one bitmap block at a time.
	 */
	while (start_rtx < rtg->rtg_extents) {
		xfs_rtxlen_t	nr = min(rtg->rtg_extents - start_rtx, max_rtx);

		/*
		 * The rt superblock, if present, must not be marked free.
		 * This may be the only rtx in the entire volume.
		 */
		if (xfs_has_rtsb(mp) && rtg_rgno(rtg) == 0 && start_rtx == 0) {
			start_rtx++;
			nr--;

			if (start_rtx == rtg->rtg_extents)
				break;
		}

		error = -libxfs_trans_alloc(mp, &M_RES(mp)->tr_itruncate,
				0, 0, 0, &tp);
		if (error)
			res_failed(error);

		libxfs_trans_ijoin(tp, rtg_bitmap(rtg), 0);
		error = -libxfs_rtfree_extent(tp, rtg, start_rtx, nr);
		if (error) {
			fprintf(stderr,
 _("Error initializing the realtime free space near rgno %u rtx %lld-%lld (max %lld): %s\n"),
					rtg_rgno(rtg),
					(unsigned long long)start_rtx,
					(unsigned long long)start_rtx + nr - 1,
					(unsigned long long)rtg->rtg_extents,
					strerror(error));
			exit(1);
		}

		error = -libxfs_trans_commit(tp);
		if (error)
			fail(_("Initialization of the realtime space failed"),
					error);

		start_rtx += nr;
	}
}

static void
rtinit_nogroups(
	struct xfs_mount	*mp)
{
	struct xfs_rtgroup	*rtg = NULL;

	while ((rtg = xfs_rtgroup_next(mp, rtg))) {
		create_sb_metadata_file(rtg, XFS_RTGI_BITMAP,
				libxfs_rtbitmap_create);
		create_sb_metadata_file(rtg, XFS_RTGI_SUMMARY,
				libxfs_rtsummary_create);

		rtfreesp_init(rtg);
	}
}

static int
init_rtrmap_for_rtsb(
	struct xfs_rtgroup	*rtg)
{
	struct xfs_mount	*mp = rtg_mount(rtg);
	struct xfs_trans	*tp;
	int			error;

	error = -libxfs_trans_alloc_inode(rtg_rmap(rtg),
			&M_RES(mp)->tr_itruncate, 0, 0, false, &tp);
	if (error)
		return error;

	error = -libxfs_rtrmapbt_init_rtsb(mp, rtg, tp);
	if (error) {
		libxfs_trans_cancel(tp);
		return error;
	}

	return -libxfs_trans_commit(tp);
}

static void
rtinit_groups(
	struct xfs_mount	*mp)
{
	struct xfs_rtgroup	*rtg = NULL;
	unsigned int		i;
	int			error;

	error = -libxfs_rtginode_mkdir_parent(mp);
	if (error)
		fail(_("rtgroup directory allocation failed"), error);

	while ((rtg = xfs_rtgroup_next(mp, rtg))) {
		for (i = 0; i < XFS_RTGI_MAX; i++) {
			error = -libxfs_rtginode_create(rtg, i, true);
			if (error)
				fail(_("rt group inode creation failed"),
						error);
		}

		if (xfs_has_rtsb(mp) && xfs_has_rtrmapbt(mp) &&
		    rtg_rgno(rtg) == 0) {
			error = init_rtrmap_for_rtsb(rtg);
			if (error)
				fail(_("rtrmap rtsb init failed"), error);
		}

		if (!xfs_has_zoned(mp))
			rtfreesp_init(rtg);
	}
}

/*
 * Allocate the realtime bitmap and summary inodes, and fill in data if any.
 */
static void
rtinit(
	struct xfs_mount	*mp)
{
	if (xfs_has_rtgroups(mp))
		rtinit_groups(mp);
	else
		rtinit_nogroups(mp);
}

static off_t
filesize(
	int		fd)
{
	struct stat	stb;

	if (fstat(fd, &stb) < 0)
		return -1;
	return stb.st_size;
}

/* Try to allow as many open directories as possible. */
static void
bump_max_fds(void)
{
	struct rlimit	rlim = {};
	int		ret;

	ret = getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rlim);
	if (ret)
		return;

	rlim.rlim_cur = rlim.rlim_max;
	ret = setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rlim);
	if (ret < 0)
		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not bump fd limit: [ %d - %s]\n"),
			progname, errno, strerror(errno));
}

static void
writefsxattrs(
	struct xfs_inode	*ip,
	struct fsxattr		*fsxp)
{
	ip->i_projid  = fsxp->fsx_projid;
	ip->i_extsize = fsxp->fsx_extsize;
	ip->i_diflags = xfs_flags2diflags(ip, fsxp->fsx_xflags);
	if (xfs_has_v3inodes(ip->i_mount)) {
		ip->i_diflags2   = xfs_flags2diflags2(ip, fsxp->fsx_xflags);
		ip->i_cowextsize = fsxp->fsx_cowextsize;
	}
}

static void
writetimestamps(
	struct xfs_inode	*ip,
	struct stat		*statbuf)
{
	struct timespec64	ts;

	/*
	 * Copy timestamps from source file to destination inode.
	 * Usually reproducible archives will delete or not register
	 * atime and ctime, for example:
	 *    https://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/html_section/Reproducibility.html
	 * hence we will only copy mtime, and let ctime/crtime be set to
	 * current time.
	 * atime will be copied over if atime is true.
	 */
	ts.tv_sec  = statbuf->st_mtim.tv_sec;
	ts.tv_nsec = statbuf->st_mtim.tv_nsec;
	inode_set_mtime_to_ts(VFS_I(ip), ts);

	/*
	 * In case of atime option, we will copy the atime  timestamp
	 * from source.
	 */
	if (preserve_atime) {
		ts.tv_sec  = statbuf->st_atim.tv_sec;
		ts.tv_nsec = statbuf->st_atim.tv_nsec;
		inode_set_atime_to_ts(VFS_I(ip), ts);
	}
}

struct hardlink {
	ino_t		src_ino;
	xfs_ino_t	dst_ino;
};

struct hardlinks {
	size_t		count;
	size_t		size;
	struct hardlink	*entries;
};

/* Growth strategy for hardlink tracking array */
/* Double size for small arrays */
#define HARDLINK_DEFAULT_GROWTH_FACTOR	2
/* Grow by 25% for large arrays */
#define HARDLINK_LARGE_GROWTH_FACTOR	0.25
/* Threshold to switch growth strategies */
#define HARDLINK_THRESHOLD		1024
/* Initial allocation size */
#define HARDLINK_TRACKER_INITIAL_SIZE	4096

/*
 * Keep track of source inodes that are from hardlinks so we can retrieve them
 * when needed to setup in destination.
 */
static struct hardlinks hardlink_tracker = { 0 };

static void
init_hardlink_tracker(void)
{
	hardlink_tracker.size = HARDLINK_TRACKER_INITIAL_SIZE;
	hardlink_tracker.entries = calloc(
			hardlink_tracker.size,
			sizeof(struct hardlink));
	if (!hardlink_tracker.entries)
		fail(_("error allocating hardlinks tracking array"), errno);
}

static void
cleanup_hardlink_tracker(void)
{
	free(hardlink_tracker.entries);
	hardlink_tracker.entries = NULL;
	hardlink_tracker.count = 0;
	hardlink_tracker.size = 0;
}

static xfs_ino_t
get_hardlink_dst_inode(
	xfs_ino_t	i_ino)
{
	for (size_t i = 0; i < hardlink_tracker.count; i++) {
		if (hardlink_tracker.entries[i].src_ino == i_ino)
			return hardlink_tracker.entries[i].dst_ino;
	}
	return 0;
}

static void
track_hardlink_inode(
	ino_t	src_ino,
	xfs_ino_t	dst_ino)
{
	if (hardlink_tracker.count >= hardlink_tracker.size) {
		/*
		 * double for smaller capacity.
		 * instead grow by 25% steps for larger capacities.
		 */
		const size_t old_size = hardlink_tracker.size;
		size_t new_size = old_size * HARDLINK_DEFAULT_GROWTH_FACTOR;
		if (old_size > HARDLINK_THRESHOLD)
			new_size = old_size + (old_size * HARDLINK_LARGE_GROWTH_FACTOR);

		struct hardlink *resized_array = reallocarray(
				hardlink_tracker.entries,
				new_size,
				sizeof(struct hardlink));
		if (!resized_array)
			fail(_("error enlarging hardlinks tracking array"), errno);

		memset(&resized_array[old_size], 0,
				(new_size - old_size) * sizeof(struct hardlink));

		hardlink_tracker.entries = resized_array;
		hardlink_tracker.size = new_size;
	}
	hardlink_tracker.entries[hardlink_tracker.count].src_ino = src_ino;
	hardlink_tracker.entries[hardlink_tracker.count].dst_ino = dst_ino;
	hardlink_tracker.count++;
}

/*
 * This function will first check in our tracker if the input hardlink has
 * already been stored, if not report false so create_nondir_inode() can continue
 * handling the inode as regularly, and later save the source inode in our
 * buffer for future consumption.
 */
static bool
handle_hardlink(
	struct xfs_mount	*mp,
	struct xfs_inode	*pip,
	struct xfs_name		xname,
	struct stat		file_stat)
{
	int			error;
	xfs_ino_t		dst_ino;
	struct xfs_inode	*ip;
	struct xfs_trans	*tp;
	struct xfs_parent_args	*ppargs = NULL;

	tp = getres(mp, 0);
	ppargs = newpptr(mp);
	dst_ino = get_hardlink_dst_inode(file_stat.st_ino);

	/*
	 * We didn't find the hardlink inode, this means it's the first time
	 * we see it, report error so create_nondir_inode() can continue handling the
	 * inode as a regular file type, and later save the source inode in our
	 * buffer for future consumption.
	 */
	if (dst_ino == 0)
		return false;

	error = -libxfs_iget(mp, NULL, dst_ino, 0, &ip);
	if (error)
		fail(_("failed to get inode"), error);

	/*
	 * In case the inode was already in our tracker we need to setup the
	 * hardlink and skip file copy.
	 */
	libxfs_trans_ijoin(tp, pip, 0);
	libxfs_trans_ijoin(tp, ip, 0);
	newdirent(mp, tp, pip, &xname, ip, ppargs);

	/*
	 * Increment the link count
	 */
	libxfs_bumplink(tp, ip);

	libxfs_trans_log_inode(tp, ip, XFS_ILOG_CORE);

	error = -libxfs_trans_commit(tp);
	if (error)
		fail(_("Error encountered creating file from prototype file"), error);

	libxfs_parent_finish(mp, ppargs);
	libxfs_irele(ip);

	return true;
}

static void
create_directory_inode(
	struct xfs_mount	*mp,
	struct xfs_inode	*pip,
	struct fsxattr		*fsxp,
	int			mode,
	struct cred		creds,
	struct xfs_name		xname,
	int			flags,
	struct stat		file_stat,
	int			fd,
	char			*entryname,
	char			*path_buf,
	int			path_len)
{

	int			error;
	struct xfs_inode	*ip;
	struct xfs_trans	*tp;
	struct xfs_parent_args	*ppargs = NULL;

	tp = getres(mp, 0);
	ppargs = newpptr(mp);

	error = creatproto(&tp, pip, mode, 0, &creds, fsxp, &ip);
	if (error)
		fail(_("Inode allocation failed"), error);

	libxfs_trans_ijoin(tp, pip, 0);

	newdirent(mp, tp, pip, &xname, ip, ppargs);

	libxfs_bumplink(tp, pip);
	libxfs_trans_log_inode(tp, pip, XFS_ILOG_CORE);
	newdirectory(mp, tp, ip, pip);

	/*
	 * Copy over timestamps.
	 */
	writetimestamps(ip, &file_stat);

	libxfs_trans_log_inode(tp, ip, flags);

	error = -libxfs_trans_commit(tp);
	if (error)
		fail(_("Directory inode allocation failed."), error);

	libxfs_parent_finish(mp, ppargs);
	tp = NULL;

	/*
	 * Copy over attributes.
	 */
	writeattrs(ip, entryname, fd);
	writefsxattrs(ip, fsxp);
	close(fd);

	walk_dir(mp, ip, fsxp, path_buf, path_len);

	libxfs_irele(ip);
}

static void
create_nondir_inode(
	struct xfs_mount	*mp,
	struct xfs_inode	*pip,
	struct fsxattr		*fsxp,
	int			mode,
	struct cred		creds,
	struct xfs_name		xname,
	int			flags,
	struct stat		file_stat,
	xfs_dev_t		rdev,
	int			fd,
	char			*src_fname)
{

	char			link_target[XFS_SYMLINK_MAXLEN];
	int			error;
	ssize_t			link_len = 0;
	struct xfs_inode	*ip;
	struct xfs_trans	*tp;
	struct xfs_parent_args	*ppargs = NULL;

	/*
	 * If handle_hardlink() returns true it means the hardlink has been
	 * correctly found and set, so we don't need to do anything else.
	 */
	if (file_stat.st_nlink > 1 && handle_hardlink(mp, pip, xname, file_stat)) {
		close(fd);
		return;
	}
	/*
	 * If instead we have an error it means the hardlink was not registered,
	 * so we proceed to treat it like a regular file, and save it to our
	 * tracker later.
	 */
	tp = getres(mp, 0);
	/*
	 * In case of symlinks, we need to handle things a little differently.
	 * We need to read out our link target and act accordingly.
	 */
	if (xname.type == XFS_DIR3_FT_SYMLINK) {
		link_len = readlink(src_fname, link_target, XFS_SYMLINK_MAXLEN);
		if (link_len < 0)
			fail(_("could not resolve symlink"), errno);
		if (link_len >= PATH_MAX)
			fail(_("symlink target too long"), ENAMETOOLONG);
		tp = getres(mp, XFS_B_TO_FSB(mp, link_len));
	}
	ppargs = newpptr(mp);

	error = creatproto(&tp, pip, mode, rdev, &creds, fsxp, &ip);
	if (error)
		fail(_("Inode allocation failed"), error);

	/*
	 * In case of symlinks, we now write it down, for other file types
	 * this is handled later before cleanup.
	 */
	if (xname.type == XFS_DIR3_FT_SYMLINK)
		writesymlink(tp, ip, link_target, link_len);

	libxfs_trans_ijoin(tp, pip, 0);
	newdirent(mp, tp, pip, &xname, ip, ppargs);

	/*
	 * Copy over timestamps.
	 */
	writetimestamps(ip, &file_stat);

	libxfs_trans_log_inode(tp, ip, flags);

	error = -libxfs_trans_commit(tp);
	if (error)
		fail(_("Error encountered creating non dir inode"), error);

	libxfs_parent_finish(mp, ppargs);

	/*
	 * Copy over file content, attributes, extended attributes and
	 * timestamps.
	 */
	if (fd >= 0) {
		/* We need to writefile only when not dealing with a symlink. */
		if (xname.type != XFS_DIR3_FT_SYMLINK)
			writefile(ip, src_fname, fd);
		writeattrs(ip, src_fname, fd);
		close(fd);
	}
	/*
	 * We do fsxattr also for file types where we don't have an fd,
	 * for example FIFOs.
	 */
	writefsxattrs(ip, fsxp);

	/*
	 * If we're here it means this is the first time we're encountering an
	 * hardlink, so we need to store it.
	 */
	if (file_stat.st_nlink > 1)
		track_hardlink_inode(file_stat.st_ino, ip->i_ino);

	libxfs_irele(ip);
}

static void
handle_direntry(
	struct xfs_mount	*mp,
	struct xfs_inode	*pip,
	struct fsxattr		*fsxp,
	char			*path_buf,
	int			path_len,
	struct dirent		*entry)
{
	char			*fname = "";
	int			flags;
	int			majdev;
	int			mindev;
	int			mode;
	int			pathfd,fd = -1;
	int			rdev = 0;
	struct stat		file_stat;
	struct xfs_name		xname;

	pathfd = open(path_buf, O_NOFOLLOW | O_PATH);
	if (pathfd < 0){
		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: cannot open %s: %s\n"), progname,
			path_buf, strerror(errno));
		exit(1);
	}

	/*
	 * Symlinks and sockets will need to be opened with O_PATH to work, so
	 * we handle this special case.
	 */
	fd = openat(pathfd, entry->d_name, O_NOFOLLOW | O_PATH);
	if(fd < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: cannot open %s: %s\n"), progname,
			path_buf, strerror(errno));
		exit(1);
	}

	if (fstat(fd, &file_stat) < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: cannot stat '%s': %s (errno=%d)\n"),
			progname, path_buf, strerror(errno), errno);
		exit(1);
	}

	/* Ensure we're within the limits of PATH_MAX. */
	size_t avail = PATH_MAX - path_len;
	size_t wrote = snprintf(path_buf + path_len, avail, "/%s", entry->d_name);
	if (wrote > avail)
		fail(path_buf, ENAMETOOLONG);

	/*
	 * Regular files instead need to be reopened with broader flags so we
	 * check if that's the case and reopen those.
	 */
	if (!S_ISSOCK(file_stat.st_mode) &&
	    !S_ISLNK(file_stat.st_mode)  &&
	    !S_ISFIFO(file_stat.st_mode)) {
		close(fd);
		/*
		 * Try to open the source file noatime to avoid a flood of
		 * writes to the source fs, but we can fall back to plain
		 * readonly mode if we don't have enough permission.
		 */
		fd = openat(pathfd, entry->d_name,
			    O_NOFOLLOW | O_RDONLY | O_NOATIME);
		if (fd < 0)
			fd = openat(pathfd, entry->d_name,
				    O_NOFOLLOW | O_RDONLY);
		if(fd < 0) {
			fprintf(stderr, _("%s: cannot open %s: %s\n"), progname,
				path_buf, strerror(errno));
			exit(1);
		}
	}

	struct cred creds = {
		.cr_uid = file_stat.st_uid,
		.cr_gid = file_stat.st_gid,
	};

	xname.name = (unsigned char *)entry->d_name;
	xname.len = strlen(entry->d_name);
	xname.type = 0;
	mode = file_stat.st_mode;
	flags = XFS_ILOG_CORE;

	switch (file_stat.st_mode & S_IFMT) {
	case S_IFDIR:
		xname.type = XFS_DIR3_FT_DIR;
		create_directory_inode(mp, pip, fsxp, mode, creds, xname, flags,
				       file_stat, fd, entry->d_name, path_buf,
				       path_len + strlen(entry->d_name) + 1);
		goto out;
	case S_IFREG:
		xname.type = XFS_DIR3_FT_REG_FILE;
		fname = entry->d_name;
		break;
	case S_IFCHR:
		flags |= XFS_ILOG_DEV;
		xname.type = XFS_DIR3_FT_CHRDEV;
		majdev = major(file_stat.st_rdev);
		mindev = minor(file_stat.st_rdev);
		rdev = IRIX_MKDEV(majdev, mindev);
		fname = entry->d_name;
		break;
	case S_IFBLK:
		flags |= XFS_ILOG_DEV;
		xname.type = XFS_DIR3_FT_BLKDEV;
		majdev = major(file_stat.st_rdev);
		mindev = minor(file_stat.st_rdev);
		rdev = IRIX_MKDEV(majdev, mindev);
		fname = entry->d_name;
		break;
	case S_IFLNK:
		/*
		 * Being a symlink we opened the filedescriptor with O_PATH
		 * this will make flistxattr() and fgetxattr() fail with EBADF,
		 * so we  will need to fallback to llistxattr() and lgetxattr(),
		 * this will need the full path to the original file, not just
		 * the entry name.
		 */
		xname.type = XFS_DIR3_FT_SYMLINK;
		fname = path_buf;
		break;
	case S_IFIFO:
		/*
		 * Being a fifo we opened the filedescriptor with O_PATH
		 * this will make flistxattr() and fgetxattr() fail with EBADF,
		 * so we  will need to fallback to llistxattr() and lgetxattr(),
		 * this will need the full path to the original file, not just
		 * the entry name.
		 */
		xname.type = XFS_DIR3_FT_FIFO;
		fname = path_buf;
		break;
	case S_IFSOCK:
		/*
		 * Being a socket we opened the filedescriptor with O_PATH
		 * this will make flistxattr() and fgetxattr() fail with EBADF,
		 * so we  will need to fallback to llistxattr() and lgetxattr(),
		 * this will need the full path to the original file, not just
		 * the entry name.
		 */
		xname.type = XFS_DIR3_FT_SOCK;
		fname = path_buf;
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}

	create_nondir_inode(mp, pip, fsxp, mode, creds, xname, flags, file_stat,
			    rdev, fd, fname);
out:
	/* Reset path_buf to original */
	path_buf[path_len] = '\0';
}

/*
 * Walk_dir will recursively list files and directories and populate the
 * mountpoint *mp with them using handle_direntry().
 */
static void
walk_dir(
	struct xfs_mount	*mp,
	struct xfs_inode	*pip,
	struct fsxattr		*fsxp,
	char			*path_buf,
	int			path_len)
{
	DIR			*dir;
	struct dirent		*entry;

	/*
	 * Open input directory and iterate over all entries in it.
	 * when another directory is found, we will recursively call walk_dir.
	 */
	if ((dir = opendir(path_buf)) == NULL) {
		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: cannot open input dir: %s [%d - %s]\n"),
				progname, path_buf, errno, strerror(errno));
		exit(1);
	}
	while ((entry = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
		if (strcmp(entry->d_name, ".") == 0 ||
		    strcmp(entry->d_name, "..") == 0)
			continue;

		handle_direntry(mp, pip, fsxp, path_buf, path_len, entry);
	}
	closedir(dir);
}

static void
populate_from_dir(
	struct xfs_mount	*mp,
	struct fsxattr		*fsxp,
	char			*cur_path)
{
	int			error;
	int			mode;
	int			fd = -1;
	char			path_buf[PATH_MAX];
	struct stat		file_stat;
	struct xfs_inode	*ip;
	struct xfs_trans	*tp;

	/*
	 * Initialize path_buf cur_path, strip trailing slashes they're
	 * automatically added when walking the dir.
	 */
	if (strlen(cur_path) > 1 && cur_path[strlen(cur_path)-1] == '/')
		cur_path[strlen(cur_path)-1] = '\0';
	if (snprintf(path_buf, PATH_MAX, "%s", cur_path) >= PATH_MAX)
		fail(_("path name too long"), ENAMETOOLONG);

	if (lstat(path_buf, &file_stat) < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: cannot stat '%s': %s (errno=%d)\n"),
			progname, path_buf, strerror(errno), errno);
		exit(1);
	}
	fd = open(path_buf, O_NOFOLLOW | O_RDONLY | O_NOATIME);
	if (fd < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: cannot open %s: %s\n"),
			progname, path_buf, strerror(errno));
		exit(1);
	}

	/*
	 * We first ensure we have the root inode.
	 */
	struct cred creds = {
		.cr_uid = file_stat.st_uid,
		.cr_gid = file_stat.st_gid,
	};
	mode = file_stat.st_mode;

	tp = getres(mp, 0);

	error = creatproto(&tp, NULL, mode | S_IFDIR, 0, &creds, fsxp, &ip);
	if (error)
		fail(_("Inode allocation failed"), error);

	mp->m_sb.sb_rootino = ip->i_ino;
	libxfs_log_sb(tp);
	newdirectory(mp, tp, ip, ip);
	libxfs_trans_log_inode(tp, ip, XFS_ILOG_CORE);

	error = -libxfs_trans_commit(tp);
	if (error)
		fail(_("Inode allocation failed"), error);

	libxfs_parent_finish(mp, NULL);

	/*
	 * Copy over attributes.
	 */
	writeattrs(ip, path_buf, fd);
	writefsxattrs(ip, fsxp);
	close(fd);

	/*
	 * RT initialization. Do this here to ensure that the RT inodes get
	 * placed after the root inode.
	 */
	error = create_metadir(mp);
	if (error)
		fail(_("Creation of the metadata directory inode failed"), error);

	rtinit(mp);

	/*
	 * By nature of walk_dir() we could be opening a great number of fds
	 * for deeply nested directory trees. try to bump max fds limit.
	 */
	bump_max_fds();

	/*
	 * Initialize the hardlinks tracker.
	 */
	init_hardlink_tracker();
	/*
	 * Now that we have a root inode, let's walk the input dir and populate
	 * the partition.
	 */
	walk_dir(mp, ip, fsxp, path_buf, strlen(cur_path));

	/*
	 * Cleanup hardlinks tracker.
	 */
	cleanup_hardlink_tracker();

	/*
	 * We free up our root inode only when we finished populating the root
	 * filesystem.
	 */
	libxfs_irele(ip);
}