blob: 44d5b0e9ba22a6f94910eaf9f69b6b39fbb1afe5 [file] [log] [blame]
"""Python GIT interface
"""
__copyright__ = """
Copyright (C) 2005, Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@gmail.com>
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
published by the Free Software Foundation.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
"""
import sys, os, popen2, re, gitmergeonefile
from stgit import basedir
from stgit.utils import *
from stgit.config import config
from sets import Set
# git exception class
class GitException(Exception):
pass
#
# Classes
#
class Person:
"""An author, committer, etc."""
def __init__(self, name = None, email = None, date = '',
desc = None):
if name or email or date:
assert not desc
self.name = name
self.email = email
self.date = date
elif desc:
assert not (name or email or date)
def parse_desc(s):
m = re.match(r'^(.+)<(.+)>(.*)$', s)
assert m
return [x.strip() or None for x in m.groups()]
self.name, self.email, self.date = parse_desc(desc)
def set_name(self, val):
if val:
self.name = val
def set_email(self, val):
if val:
self.email = val
def set_date(self, val):
if val:
self.date = val
def __str__(self):
if self.name and self.email:
return '%s <%s>' % (self.name, self.email)
else:
raise GitException, 'not enough identity data'
class Commit:
"""Handle the commit objects
"""
def __init__(self, id_hash):
self.__id_hash = id_hash
lines = _output_lines('git-cat-file commit %s' % id_hash)
for i in range(len(lines)):
line = lines[i]
if line == '\n':
break
field = line.strip().split(' ', 1)
if field[0] == 'tree':
self.__tree = field[1]
if field[0] == 'author':
self.__author = field[1]
if field[0] == 'committer':
self.__committer = field[1]
self.__log = ''.join(lines[i+1:])
def get_id_hash(self):
return self.__id_hash
def get_tree(self):
return self.__tree
def get_parent(self):
parents = self.get_parents()
if parents:
return parents[0]
else:
return None
def get_parents(self):
return _output_lines('git-rev-list --parents --max-count=1 %s'
% self.__id_hash)[0].split()[1:]
def get_author(self):
return self.__author
def get_committer(self):
return self.__committer
def get_log(self):
return self.__log
def __str__(self):
return self.get_id_hash()
# dictionary of Commit objects, used to avoid multiple calls to git
__commits = dict()
#
# Functions
#
def get_commit(id_hash):
"""Commit objects factory. Save/look-up them in the __commits
dictionary
"""
global __commits
if id_hash in __commits:
return __commits[id_hash]
else:
commit = Commit(id_hash)
__commits[id_hash] = commit
return commit
def get_conflicts():
"""Return the list of file conflicts
"""
conflicts_file = os.path.join(basedir.get(), 'conflicts')
if os.path.isfile(conflicts_file):
f = file(conflicts_file)
names = [line.strip() for line in f.readlines()]
f.close()
return names
else:
return None
def _input(cmd, file_desc):
p = popen2.Popen3(cmd, True)
while True:
line = file_desc.readline()
if not line:
break
p.tochild.write(line)
p.tochild.close()
if p.wait():
raise GitException, '%s failed (%s)' % (str(cmd),
p.childerr.read().strip())
def _input_str(cmd, string):
p = popen2.Popen3(cmd, True)
p.tochild.write(string)
p.tochild.close()
if p.wait():
raise GitException, '%s failed (%s)' % (str(cmd),
p.childerr.read().strip())
def _output(cmd):
p=popen2.Popen3(cmd, True)
output = p.fromchild.read()
if p.wait():
raise GitException, '%s failed (%s)' % (str(cmd),
p.childerr.read().strip())
return output
def _output_one_line(cmd, file_desc = None):
p=popen2.Popen3(cmd, True)
if file_desc != None:
for line in file_desc:
p.tochild.write(line)
p.tochild.close()
output = p.fromchild.readline().strip()
if p.wait():
raise GitException, '%s failed (%s)' % (str(cmd),
p.childerr.read().strip())
return output
def _output_lines(cmd):
p=popen2.Popen3(cmd, True)
lines = p.fromchild.readlines()
if p.wait():
raise GitException, '%s failed (%s)' % (str(cmd),
p.childerr.read().strip())
return lines
def __run(cmd, args=None):
"""__run: runs cmd using spawnvp.
Runs cmd using spawnvp. The shell is avoided so it won't mess up
our arguments. If args is very large, the command is run multiple
times; args is split xargs style: cmd is passed on each
invocation. Unlike xargs, returns immediately if any non-zero
return code is received.
"""
args_l=cmd.split()
if args is None:
args = []
for i in range(0, len(args)+1, 100):
r=os.spawnvp(os.P_WAIT, args_l[0], args_l + args[i:min(i+100, len(args))])
if r:
return r
return 0
def __tree_status(files = None, tree_id = 'HEAD', unknown = False,
noexclude = True, verbose = False):
"""Returns a list of pairs - [status, filename]
"""
if verbose and sys.stdout.isatty():
print 'Checking for changes in the working directory...',
sys.stdout.flush()
refresh_index()
if not files:
files = []
cache_files = []
# unknown files
if unknown:
exclude_file = os.path.join(basedir.get(), 'info', 'exclude')
base_exclude = ['--exclude=%s' % s for s in
['*.[ao]', '*.pyc', '.*', '*~', '#*', 'TAGS', 'tags']]
base_exclude.append('--exclude-per-directory=.gitignore')
if os.path.exists(exclude_file):
extra_exclude = ['--exclude-from=%s' % exclude_file]
else:
extra_exclude = []
if noexclude:
extra_exclude = base_exclude = []
lines = _output_lines(['git-ls-files', '--others', '--directory']
+ base_exclude + extra_exclude)
cache_files += [('?', line.strip()) for line in lines]
# conflicted files
conflicts = get_conflicts()
if not conflicts:
conflicts = []
cache_files += [('C', filename) for filename in conflicts]
# the rest
for line in _output_lines(['git-diff-index', tree_id, '--'] + files):
fs = tuple(line.rstrip().split(' ',4)[-1].split('\t',1))
if fs[1] not in conflicts:
cache_files.append(fs)
if verbose and sys.stdout.isatty():
print 'done'
return cache_files
def local_changes(verbose = True):
"""Return true if there are local changes in the tree
"""
return len(__tree_status(verbose = verbose)) != 0
# HEAD value cached
__head = None
def get_head():
"""Verifies the HEAD and returns the SHA1 id that represents it
"""
global __head
if not __head:
__head = rev_parse('HEAD')
return __head
def get_head_file():
"""Returns the name of the file pointed to by the HEAD link
"""
return strip_prefix('refs/heads/',
_output_one_line('git-symbolic-ref HEAD'))
def set_head_file(ref):
"""Resets HEAD to point to a new ref
"""
# head cache flushing is needed since we might have a different value
# in the new head
__clear_head_cache()
if __run('git-symbolic-ref HEAD',
[os.path.join('refs', 'heads', ref)]) != 0:
raise GitException, 'Could not set head to "%s"' % ref
def __set_head(val):
"""Sets the HEAD value
"""
global __head
if not __head or __head != val:
if __run('git-update-ref HEAD', [val]) != 0:
raise GitException, 'Could not update HEAD to "%s".' % val
__head = val
# only allow SHA1 hashes
assert(len(__head) == 40)
def __clear_head_cache():
"""Sets the __head to None so that a re-read is forced
"""
global __head
__head = None
def refresh_index():
"""Refresh index with stat() information from the working directory.
"""
__run('git-update-index -q --unmerged --refresh')
def rev_parse(git_id):
"""Parse the string and return a verified SHA1 id
"""
try:
return _output_one_line(['git-rev-parse', '--verify', git_id])
except GitException:
raise GitException, 'Unknown revision: %s' % git_id
def branch_exists(branch):
"""Existence check for the named branch
"""
branch = os.path.join('refs', 'heads', branch)
for line in _output_lines('git-rev-parse --symbolic --all 2>&1'):
if line.strip() == branch:
return True
if re.compile('[ |/]'+branch+' ').search(line):
raise GitException, 'Bogus branch: %s' % line
return False
def create_branch(new_branch, tree_id = None):
"""Create a new branch in the git repository
"""
if branch_exists(new_branch):
raise GitException, 'Branch "%s" already exists' % new_branch
current_head = get_head()
set_head_file(new_branch)
__set_head(current_head)
# a checkout isn't needed if new branch points to the current head
if tree_id:
switch(tree_id)
if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(basedir.get(), 'MERGE_HEAD')):
os.remove(os.path.join(basedir.get(), 'MERGE_HEAD'))
def switch_branch(new_branch):
"""Switch to a git branch
"""
global __head
if not branch_exists(new_branch):
raise GitException, 'Branch "%s" does not exist' % new_branch
tree_id = rev_parse(os.path.join('refs', 'heads', new_branch)
+ '^{commit}')
if tree_id != get_head():
refresh_index()
if __run('git-read-tree -u -m', [get_head(), tree_id]) != 0:
raise GitException, 'git-read-tree failed (local changes maybe?)'
__head = tree_id
set_head_file(new_branch)
if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(basedir.get(), 'MERGE_HEAD')):
os.remove(os.path.join(basedir.get(), 'MERGE_HEAD'))
def delete_branch(name):
"""Delete a git branch
"""
if not branch_exists(name):
raise GitException, 'Branch "%s" does not exist' % name
remove_file_and_dirs(os.path.join(basedir.get(), 'refs', 'heads'),
name)
def rename_branch(from_name, to_name):
"""Rename a git branch
"""
if not branch_exists(from_name):
raise GitException, 'Branch "%s" does not exist' % from_name
if branch_exists(to_name):
raise GitException, 'Branch "%s" already exists' % to_name
if get_head_file() == from_name:
set_head_file(to_name)
rename(os.path.join(basedir.get(), 'refs', 'heads'),
from_name, to_name)
reflog_dir = os.path.join(basedir.get(), 'logs', 'refs', 'heads')
if os.path.exists(reflog_dir) \
and os.path.exists(os.path.join(reflog_dir, from_name)):
rename(reflog_dir, from_name, to_name)
def add(names):
"""Add the files or recursively add the directory contents
"""
# generate the file list
files = []
for i in names:
if not os.path.exists(i):
raise GitException, 'Unknown file or directory: %s' % i
if os.path.isdir(i):
# recursive search. We only add files
for root, dirs, local_files in os.walk(i):
for name in [os.path.join(root, f) for f in local_files]:
if os.path.isfile(name):
files.append(os.path.normpath(name))
elif os.path.isfile(i):
files.append(os.path.normpath(i))
else:
raise GitException, '%s is not a file or directory' % i
if files:
if __run('git-update-index --add --', files):
raise GitException, 'Unable to add file'
def rm(files, force = False):
"""Remove a file from the repository
"""
if not force:
for f in files:
if os.path.exists(f):
raise GitException, '%s exists. Remove it first' %f
if files:
__run('git-update-index --remove --', files)
else:
if files:
__run('git-update-index --force-remove --', files)
# Persons caching
__user = None
__author = None
__committer = None
def user():
"""Return the user information.
"""
global __user
if not __user:
name=config.get('user.name')
email=config.get('user.email')
if name and email:
__user = Person(name, email)
else:
raise GitException, 'unknown user details'
return __user;
def author():
"""Return the author information.
"""
global __author
if not __author:
try:
# the environment variables take priority over config
try:
date = os.environ['GIT_AUTHOR_DATE']
except KeyError:
date = ''
__author = Person(os.environ['GIT_AUTHOR_NAME'],
os.environ['GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL'],
date)
except KeyError:
__author = user()
return __author
def committer():
"""Return the author information.
"""
global __committer
if not __committer:
try:
# the environment variables take priority over config
try:
date = os.environ['GIT_COMMITTER_DATE']
except KeyError:
date = ''
__committer = Person(os.environ['GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'],
os.environ['GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL'],
date)
except KeyError:
__committer = user()
return __committer
def update_cache(files = None, force = False):
"""Update the cache information for the given files
"""
if not files:
files = []
cache_files = __tree_status(files, verbose = False)
# everything is up-to-date
if len(cache_files) == 0:
return False
# check for unresolved conflicts
if not force and [x for x in cache_files
if x[0] not in ['M', 'N', 'A', 'D']]:
raise GitException, 'Updating cache failed: unresolved conflicts'
# update the cache
add_files = [x[1] for x in cache_files if x[0] in ['N', 'A']]
rm_files = [x[1] for x in cache_files if x[0] in ['D']]
m_files = [x[1] for x in cache_files if x[0] in ['M']]
if add_files and __run('git-update-index --add --', add_files) != 0:
raise GitException, 'Failed git-update-index --add'
if rm_files and __run('git-update-index --force-remove --', rm_files) != 0:
raise GitException, 'Failed git-update-index --rm'
if m_files and __run('git-update-index --', m_files) != 0:
raise GitException, 'Failed git-update-index'
return True
def commit(message, files = None, parents = None, allowempty = False,
cache_update = True, tree_id = None,
author_name = None, author_email = None, author_date = None,
committer_name = None, committer_email = None):
"""Commit the current tree to repository
"""
if not files:
files = []
if not parents:
parents = []
# Get the tree status
if cache_update and parents != []:
changes = update_cache(files)
if not changes and not allowempty:
raise GitException, 'No changes to commit'
# get the commit message
if not message:
message = '\n'
elif message[-1:] != '\n':
message += '\n'
must_switch = True
# write the index to repository
if tree_id == None:
tree_id = _output_one_line('git-write-tree')
else:
must_switch = False
# the commit
cmd = ''
if author_name:
cmd += 'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="%s" ' % author_name
if author_email:
cmd += 'GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="%s" ' % author_email
if author_date:
cmd += 'GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="%s" ' % author_date
if committer_name:
cmd += 'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME="%s" ' % committer_name
if committer_email:
cmd += 'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL="%s" ' % committer_email
cmd += 'git-commit-tree %s' % tree_id
# get the parents
for p in parents:
cmd += ' -p %s' % p
commit_id = _output_one_line(cmd, message)
if must_switch:
__set_head(commit_id)
return commit_id
def apply_diff(rev1, rev2, check_index = True, files = None):
"""Apply the diff between rev1 and rev2 onto the current
index. This function doesn't need to raise an exception since it
is only used for fast-pushing a patch. If this operation fails,
the pushing would fall back to the three-way merge.
"""
if check_index:
index_opt = '--index'
else:
index_opt = ''
if not files:
files = []
diff_str = diff(files, rev1, rev2)
if diff_str:
try:
_input_str('git-apply %s' % index_opt, diff_str)
except GitException:
return False
return True
def merge(base, head1, head2, recursive = False):
"""Perform a 3-way merge between base, head1 and head2 into the
local tree
"""
refresh_index()
if recursive:
# this operation tracks renames but it is slower (used in
# general when pushing or picking patches)
try:
# use _output() to mask the verbose prints of the tool
_output('git-merge-recursive %s -- %s %s' % (base, head1, head2))
except GitException:
pass
else:
# the fast case where we don't track renames (used when the
# distance between base and heads is small, i.e. folding or
# synchronising patches)
if __run('git-read-tree -u -m --aggressive',
[base, head1, head2]) != 0:
raise GitException, 'git-read-tree failed (local changes maybe?)'
# check the index for unmerged entries
files = {}
stages_re = re.compile('^([0-7]+) ([0-9a-f]{40}) ([1-3])\t(.*)$', re.S)
for line in _output('git-ls-files --unmerged --stage -z').split('\0'):
if not line:
continue
mode, hash, stage, path = stages_re.findall(line)[0]
if not path in files:
files[path] = {}
files[path]['1'] = ('', '')
files[path]['2'] = ('', '')
files[path]['3'] = ('', '')
files[path][stage] = (mode, hash)
# merge the unmerged files
errors = False
for path in files:
# remove additional files that might be generated for some
# newer versions of GIT
for suffix in [base, head1, head2]:
if not suffix:
continue
fname = path + '~' + suffix
if os.path.exists(fname):
os.remove(fname)
stages = files[path]
if gitmergeonefile.merge(stages['1'][1], stages['2'][1],
stages['3'][1], path, stages['1'][0],
stages['2'][0], stages['3'][0]) != 0:
errors = True
if errors:
raise GitException, 'GIT index merging failed (possible conflicts)'
def status(files = None, modified = False, new = False, deleted = False,
conflict = False, unknown = False, noexclude = False):
"""Show the tree status
"""
if not files:
files = []
cache_files = __tree_status(files, unknown = True, noexclude = noexclude)
all = not (modified or new or deleted or conflict or unknown)
if not all:
filestat = []
if modified:
filestat.append('M')
if new:
filestat.append('A')
filestat.append('N')
if deleted:
filestat.append('D')
if conflict:
filestat.append('C')
if unknown:
filestat.append('?')
cache_files = [x for x in cache_files if x[0] in filestat]
for fs in cache_files:
if files and not fs[1] in files:
continue
if all:
print '%s %s' % (fs[0], fs[1])
else:
print '%s' % fs[1]
def diff(files = None, rev1 = 'HEAD', rev2 = None, out_fd = None):
"""Show the diff between rev1 and rev2
"""
if not files:
files = []
if rev1 and rev2:
diff_str = _output(['git-diff-tree', '-p', rev1, rev2, '--'] + files)
elif rev1 or rev2:
refresh_index()
if rev2:
diff_str = _output(['git-diff-index', '-p', '-R', rev2, '--'] + files)
else:
diff_str = _output(['git-diff-index', '-p', rev1, '--'] + files)
else:
diff_str = ''
if out_fd:
out_fd.write(diff_str)
else:
return diff_str
def diffstat(files = None, rev1 = 'HEAD', rev2 = None):
"""Return the diffstat between rev1 and rev2
"""
if not files:
files = []
p=popen2.Popen3('git-apply --stat')
diff(files, rev1, rev2, p.tochild)
p.tochild.close()
diff_str = p.fromchild.read().rstrip()
if p.wait():
raise GitException, 'git.diffstat failed'
return diff_str
def files(rev1, rev2):
"""Return the files modified between rev1 and rev2
"""
result = ''
for line in _output_lines('git-diff-tree -r %s %s' % (rev1, rev2)):
result += '%s %s\n' % tuple(line.rstrip().split(' ',4)[-1].split('\t',1))
return result.rstrip()
def barefiles(rev1, rev2):
"""Return the files modified between rev1 and rev2, without status info
"""
result = ''
for line in _output_lines('git-diff-tree -r %s %s' % (rev1, rev2)):
result += '%s\n' % line.rstrip().split(' ',4)[-1].split('\t',1)[-1]
return result.rstrip()
def pretty_commit(commit_id = 'HEAD'):
"""Return a given commit (log + diff)
"""
return _output(['git-diff-tree', '--cc', '--always', '--pretty', '-r',
commit_id])
def checkout(files = None, tree_id = None, force = False):
"""Check out the given or all files
"""
if not files:
files = []
if tree_id and __run('git-read-tree --reset', [tree_id]) != 0:
raise GitException, 'Failed git-read-tree --reset %s' % tree_id
checkout_cmd = 'git-checkout-index -q -u'
if force:
checkout_cmd += ' -f'
if len(files) == 0:
checkout_cmd += ' -a'
else:
checkout_cmd += ' --'
if __run(checkout_cmd, files) != 0:
raise GitException, 'Failed git-checkout-index'
def switch(tree_id, keep = False):
"""Switch the tree to the given id
"""
if not keep:
refresh_index()
if __run('git-read-tree -u -m', [get_head(), tree_id]) != 0:
raise GitException, 'git-read-tree failed (local changes maybe?)'
__set_head(tree_id)
def reset(files = None, tree_id = None, check_out = True):
"""Revert the tree changes relative to the given tree_id. It removes
any local changes
"""
if not tree_id:
tree_id = get_head()
if check_out:
cache_files = __tree_status(files, tree_id)
# files which were added but need to be removed
rm_files = [x[1] for x in cache_files if x[0] in ['A']]
checkout(files, tree_id, True)
# checkout doesn't remove files
map(os.remove, rm_files)
# if the reset refers to the whole tree, switch the HEAD as well
if not files:
__set_head(tree_id)
def fetch(repository = 'origin', refspec = None):
"""Fetches changes from the remote repository, using 'git-fetch'
by default.
"""
# we update the HEAD
__clear_head_cache()
args = [repository]
if refspec:
args.append(refspec)
command = config.get('stgit.pullcmd')
if __run(command, args) != 0:
raise GitException, 'Failed "%s %s"' % (command, repository)
def repack():
"""Repack all objects into a single pack
"""
__run('git-repack -a -d -f')
def apply_patch(filename = None, diff = None, base = None,
fail_dump = True):
"""Apply a patch onto the current or given index. There must not
be any local changes in the tree, otherwise the command fails
"""
if diff is None:
if filename:
f = file(filename)
else:
f = sys.stdin
diff = f.read()
if filename:
f.close()
if base:
orig_head = get_head()
switch(base)
else:
refresh_index()
try:
_input_str('git-apply --index', diff)
except GitException:
if base:
switch(orig_head)
if fail_dump:
# write the failed diff to a file
f = file('.stgit-failed.patch', 'w+')
f.write(diff)
f.close()
print >> sys.stderr, 'Diff written to the .stgit-failed.patch file'
raise
if base:
top = commit(message = 'temporary commit used for applying a patch',
parents = [base])
switch(orig_head)
merge(base, orig_head, top)
def clone(repository, local_dir):
"""Clone a remote repository. At the moment, just use the
'git-clone' script
"""
if __run('git-clone', [repository, local_dir]) != 0:
raise GitException, 'Failed "git-clone %s %s"' \
% (repository, local_dir)
def modifying_revs(files, base_rev):
"""Return the revisions from the list modifying the given files
"""
cmd = ['git-rev-list', '%s..' % base_rev, '--']
revs = [line.strip() for line in _output_lines(cmd + files)]
return revs
def refspec_localpart(refspec):
m = re.match('^[^:]*:([^:]*)$', refspec)
if m:
return m.group(1)
else:
raise GitException, 'Cannot parse refspec "%s"' % line
def refspec_remotepart(refspec):
m = re.match('^([^:]*):[^:]*$', refspec)
if m:
return m.group(1)
else:
raise GitException, 'Cannot parse refspec "%s"' % line
def __remotes_from_config():
return config.sections_matching(r'remote\.(.*)\.url')
def __remotes_from_dir(dir):
d = os.path.join(basedir.get(), dir)
if os.path.exists(d):
return os.listdir(d)
else:
return None
def remotes_list():
"""Return the list of remotes in the repository
"""
return Set(__remotes_from_config()) | \
Set(__remotes_from_dir('remotes')) | \
Set(__remotes_from_dir('branches'))
def remotes_local_branches(remote):
"""Returns the list of local branches fetched from given remote
"""
branches = []
if remote in __remotes_from_config():
for line in config.getall('remote.%s.fetch' % remote):
branches.append(refspec_localpart(line))
elif remote in __remotes_from_dir('remotes'):
stream = open(os.path.join(basedir.get(), 'remotes', remote), 'r')
for line in stream:
# Only consider Pull lines
m = re.match('^Pull: (.*)\n$', line)
if m:
branches.append(refspec_localpart(m.group(1)))
stream.close()
elif remote in __remotes_from_dir('branches'):
# old-style branches only declare one branch
branches.append('refs/heads/'+remote);
else:
raise GitException, 'Unknown remote "%s"' % remote
return branches
def identify_remote(branchname):
"""Return the name for the remote to pull the given branchname
from, or None if we believe it is a local branch.
"""
for remote in remotes_list():
if branchname in remotes_local_branches(remote):
return remote
# if we get here we've found nothing, the branch is a local one
return None
def fetch_head():
"""Return the git id for the tip of the parent branch as left by
'git fetch'.
"""
fetch_head=None
stream = open(os.path.join(basedir.get(), 'FETCH_HEAD'), "r")
for line in stream:
# Only consider lines not tagged not-for-merge
m = re.match('^([^\t]*)\t\t', line)
if m:
if fetch_head:
raise GitException, "StGit does not support multiple FETCH_HEAD"
else:
fetch_head=m.group(1)
stream.close()
# here we are sure to have a single fetch_head
return fetch_head